对我国21世纪森林病虫鼠害防治体系的展望

根据中国森林病虫鼠害防治现状及国际科学研究进展,研究了２１世纪森林病虫鼠害的研究方向和科学管理战略,提出了研究重点、目标及管理机构的建制。     

小麦木瓜类半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因TaRD21的克隆及赤霉病菌诱导下的表达分析

木瓜类半胱氨酸蛋白酶（PLCPs）作为一类重要的蛋白水解酶,在植物生长发育以及胁迫应答过程中都发挥着重要作用。本研究从抗、感赤霉病小麦品种差异表达基因谱中获得1个注释为RD21 Cysteine proteases的EST（表达序列标签）,以此序列检索小麦最新基因组数据库并设计引物,从小麦中克隆到3个基因,分别命名为TaRD21-2A、TaRD21-2B和TaRD21-2D,属于PLCPs RD21家族。序列分析表明,3个基因的开放阅读框长度分别为1 410、1 428和1 419 bp,分别编码469、475和472个氨基酸。序列比对发现,3个基因的序列相似性为89.3％,所编码蛋白的氨基酸序列相似性为95.6％。系统进化分析表明,TaRD21-2A、TaRD21-2B和TaRD21-2D蛋白的同源性较高,且与乌拉尔图小麦TuRD21A蛋白聚为一类。qRT-PCR分析表明,3个TaRD21基因均受水杨酸(SA)、乙烯利(ETH)以及赤霉病菌诱导表达;感病品种中,TaRD21-2A对SA和赤霉病菌的响应更迅速,且表达量较高;抗病品种中,TaRD21-2B和TaRD21-2D基因对ETH的响应更迅速。     

斑点叉尾鮰TLR20和TLR21基因在不同细菌和病毒 感染后的表达特征

应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,检测了TLR20和TLR21基因在斑点叉尾鲴Ictalurus punctatus感染迟钝爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella tarda、链球菌Streptococcus iniae、嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila和斑点又尾鲴呼肠孤病毒（Channel Catfish Hemorrhage Reovirus,CCRV）后,在0、12、24、48、72h、7d,肝脏、头肾、脾脏、肠中的时空表达特征。结果显示,4种病原均能引起斑点叉尾鲴TLR20、TLR21基因在所测免疫相关组织中表达量的变化,但呈现出不同的表达模式：感染嗜水气单胞菌后这两种基因的表达差异巨大,而TLR21基因的表达变化不大,在肝脏和头肾中表达量仅在3倍以内变化。感染爱德华氏茵后,TLR20、TLR21两种基因的表达模式类似,在肝脏中表达量显著上调。链球菌引起肝脏TLR20表达量发生4360倍的变化,远远高于TLR21基因在同组织中的表达量（257．8倍）。斑点叉尾鲴呼肠孤病毒感染引起TLR20、TLR21两种基因在肝脏、头肾的上调表达,肠、脾脏的下调表达。以上结果表明了TLR20、TLR21在斑点叉尾鲴天然免疫应答中起重要作用,为研究鱼类疾病防御机制提供了理论参考。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除水稻Pi21基因的效率分析

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术,针对Pi21基因的两个靶位点(靶位1和靶位2),构建基因敲除载体,转化水稻品种南粳9108。经PCR鉴定,获得了28株T0代阳性转基因植株。对靶位点酶切检测发现,靶位1突变效率为78.57%,靶位2突变效率为92.86%;靶位1和靶位2同时突变的效率为78.57%,突变效率较高。通过对靶位点进行测序,发现靶位点突变类型较多,包括碱基缺失、碱基插入、碱基缺失后插入其他碱基和大片段DNA缺失等类型。对突变株系进行氨基酸预测,发现大部分株系都存在移码突变现象而使基因突变彻底,少数株系表现为部分氨基酸的缺失或变异。成功敲除了水稻Pi21基因,并对突变效率和类型进行了分析,为进一步验证Pi21基因功能、培育广谱抗稻瘟病的水稻新品系奠定了基础。     

2种吡啶类除草剂对天山假狼毒群落影响和禾本科牧草产草量及安全性评价

2013—2014年在新疆昭苏县乌鲁空盖草原选用270 g/L三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯·氯氨吡啶酸钾盐水乳剂和21%氯氨吡啶酸水剂不同浓度对草原毒草——天山假狼毒进行群落影响试验。研究结果表明,270 g/L三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯·氯氨吡啶酸钾盐水乳剂和21%氯氨吡啶酸水剂不同浓度均对天山假狼毒群落生长产生影响,与使用浓度呈正相关;其中使用270 g/L三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯·氯氨吡啶酸钾盐水乳剂6 000 m L/hm2明显抑制天山假狼毒群落正常生长,并且对禾本科牧草安全性较高,同时禾本科牧草数量和产草量明显增加,可作为防除天山假狼毒群落生长的化学药剂。     

Development of broad‐spectrum bacterial blight resistance into thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile lines

Two‐line hybrid rice technology is an effective way to increase rice production and improve rice quality. In this study, three bacterial blight (BB) resistance genes, Xa7, Xa21 and Xa23, were introgressed separately into C815S, a popular thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line to develop five BB‐resistant lines (Hua1005S, Hua1002S, Hua1009S, Hua1006S and Hua1001S) to be resistant against seven races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The two‐line hybrids with heterozygous Xa23 were resistant against seven Xoo strains. But, the hybrids with heterozygous loci for both Xa7 and Xa21 were only resistant against three Xoo strains and were moderately susceptible to the other four strains indicating the role of modifiers influencing the poor expression of dominant BB resistance genes under heterozygous state. Among them, Hua1006S was found to be a promising TGMS line with its higher degree of disease resistance level on account of broad‐spectrum resistance gene Xa23 besides possessing better plant type and rice grain quality features.     

MytiLec,a Mussel R-Type Lectin,Interacts with Surface Glycan Gb3 on Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cells to Trigger Apoptosis through Multiple Pathways

MytiLec; a novel lectin isolated from the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis); shows strong binding affinity to globotriose (Gb3: Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc). MytiLec revealed β-trefoil folding as also found in the ricin B-subunit type (R-type) lectin family, although the amino acid sequences were quite different. Classification of R-type lectin family members therefore needs to be based on conformation as well as on primary structure. MytiLec specifically killed Burkitt''s lymphoma Ramos cells, which express Gb3. Fluorescein-labeling assay revealed that MytiLec was incorporated inside the cells. MytiLec treatment of Ramos cells resulted in activation of both classical MAPK/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) and stress-activated (p38 kinase and JNK) Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways. In the cells, MytiLec treatment triggered expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (a ligand of death receptor-dependent apoptosis) and activation of mitochondria-controlling caspase-9 (initiator caspase) and caspase-3 (activator caspase). Experiments using the specific MEK inhibitor U0126 showed that MytiLec-induced phosphorylation of the MEK-ERK pathway up-regulated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, leading to cell cycle arrest and TNF-α production. Activation of caspase-3 by MytiLec appeared to be regulated by multiple different pathways. Our findings, taken together, indicate that the novel R-type lectin MytiLec initiates programmed cell death of Burkitt’s lymphoma cells through multiple pathways (MAPK cascade, death receptor signaling; caspase activation) based on interaction of the lectin with Gb3-containing glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains on the cell surface.     

连玉21号玉米杂交种选育研究

连玉21号是大连市种子管理站于1998年组配而成的玉米杂交种。在3年的区域试验和生产试验中均比对照品种增产显著。该品种具有高产、品质好、抗性强、适应性广等特点。     

小麦抗白粉病基因Pm13和Pm21特异标记的鉴定和应用

为给小麦生产提供抗谱更广、抗性较持久的育种材料,促进累加基因在小麦抗白粉病育种中的应用.利用与抗白粉病基因Pm13和Pm21相连锁的特异标记,对含有抗白粉病基因Pm13、Pm21的抗病亲本材料和它们杂交的F1代单株,以及在育种中使用的50个小麦品种(系)进行了分子检测.结果表明,与抗白粉病基因Pm13、Pm21连锁的特异标记可以在含有相应基因的材料中分别扩增出1条大小约564 bp和140bp的特异带,而在含有Pm13和Pm21抗白粉病基因的4个F1植株中也检测到这2条特异带;在50个小麦品种(系)中,有10个小麦品种(系)具有Pm21抗白粉病基因,而所有品种(系)均没有扩增出Pm13抗白粉病基因的标记带;结合田间抗白粉病性鉴定,所有具有抗病基因Pm13或Pm21连锁标记的小麦品种(系)都表现高抗小麦白粉病.说明,与抗白粉病基因Pm13和Pm21相连锁的特异标记可以有效应用于小麦抗白粉病育种中,分子标记是检测抗病基因累加体、辅助育种的有效手段.     

微小隐孢子虫重组蛋白CP21的免疫特性

采用微小隐孢子虫CP21基因的原核表达蛋白的抗血清对微小隐孢子虫感染HCT-8细胞进行了体外阻断试验,检测不同浓度抗血清对HCT-8细胞感染隐孢子虫感染率的影响.同时应用纯化的重组CP21蛋白对小鼠进行免疫,检测体液免疫水平和细胞免疫水平的变化.对免疫后的小鼠接种微小隐孢子虫,检测重组CP21蛋白对微小隐孢子虫感染的保...