掺玉米秸秆脲醛缩合物的制备及缓释性能研究

以尿素和甲醛为原料,玉米秸秆粉末为填料,制备出低成本脲醛缓释化肥。获得了适宜的合成工艺参数:尿素和甲醛配比为1.4∶1(m∶m),加入玉米秸秆粉末量为尿素质量的20%;加成反应温度为75~80℃,pH值为8.5~9.0,反应时间为90 min,缩合反应温度为80℃,pH值为4.5~5.0,反应时间为30~45 min。以水溶液和模拟土壤法对合成得到的脲醛缩合物进行了尿素缓释性能测定,结果表明,在优化条件下合成得到的缓释化肥,其7 d水中溶出率低于25%,7 d土壤中溶出率低于20%。     

绿变大蒜蓝色素的制备及理化活性(英文)

为了进一步明确大蒜绿变物质的结构及性质,该研究对绿变产物进行分离制备并探索了其相关理化活性。从绿变大蒜中提取出绿变产物,并通过AmberliteCG-50和SephadexLH-20两步纯化制备得到了蓝色素的纯化产品,其色价为76.7。对色素的理化性质进行了研究,结果表明蓝色素在酸性条件pH值7时稳定;对热处理也比较稳定,60℃以下加热处理对色素影响较小;长时间的日光照射会使蓝色素有较大的损失;一些常见的金属离子Cu2+、Zn2+、Al3+、Fe2+的存在对蓝绿色素几乎没有影响,Fe3+的存在会使色素迅速褪色。蓝色素对自由基有清除效果:质量浓度为2 mg/mL的蓝色素提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)清除率达到96.4%;在10 mg/mL质量浓度下,蓝色素对超氧和羟基自由基的清除率分别为96.8%和87.6%;色素提取物对自由基的清除效果低于同浓度的抗坏血酸。该研究结果对深入研究绿变色素的性质和结构奠定了初步基础。     

蓝糯小麦种质的选育

蓝粒小麦和糯小麦都是特殊的小麦种质,有较高的营养和品质价值.蓝粒性状还作为遗传标记在小麦遗传育种中得到广泛运用.本研究将糯小麦C75与蓝粒小麦L杂交,对蓝粒和糯性状进行遗传分析,选育同时具有蓝粒和糯性状的小麦新种质(称为蓝糯小麦).结果表明:蓝粒受1对显性基因控制,同时控制蓝粒的基因具有剂量效应,蓝粒等位基因越多,蓝色越深;糯与非糯受3对重叠基因控制,非糯为显性;控制粒色的基因与控制糯性的基因相互独立.通过对F3株系的鉴定,获得了1个蓝粒基因和糯性基因皆纯合的株系,从而得到蓝糯小麦新种质.     

蛋白溶解度作为评定豆粕过熟程度指标的研究

本实验以南苑植物油厂未经加热的生豆粕为原料,用高压蒸锅在１０８℃,ｋｇ．ｃｍ＾－２压力下处理０,１２,２０ｍｉｎ以及在１２１℃．０．８８２ｋｇ．ｃｍ＾－２压力下处理５,２０,４０,６０ｍｉｎ和原样品共得到八种不同加热程度的豆粕,进行脲酶活性,蛋白溶解度,考马斯亮蓝值、ＤＢＬ测定,并进行了各个指标的相关研究。     

The effects of different proportions of the 17β‐estradiol and 17α‐methyltestosterone on growth,sex reversal and skin colouration of the electric blue hap (Sciaenochromis ahli Trewavas, 1935)

This study was performed to investigate the effects of 17β‐estradiol (ES) and 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT) on growth, development, survival, sex ratio and colour change in the electric blue hap (Sciaenochromis ahli Trewavas, 1935). The hormones were not supplemented to the control feed, while six other feeds were prepared by adding 20, 40 and 60 mg kg^?1 17β‐ES or 20, 40 and 60 mg kg^?1 17α‐MT to each, resulting in seven different feed treatments. Average live weight of the fish supplemented with these diets was 0.42 ± 0.04 g. At the end of the study, the highest weight gain was observed in fish fed 60 mg kg^?1 17α‐MT group (2.62 ± 0.11 g) and the difference with the groups fed with 17β‐ES was found to be significant. All fish fed 17α‐MT were male, while the rates of feminization in fish fed 17β‐ES at 20, 40, 60 mg kg^?1 were 91.11%, 88.88% and 93.33% respectively. Survival rates were respectively determined as 80%, 95.56%, 84.44%, 93.33%, 77.78%, 84.44% and 84.44% for the control, 20, 40, 60 mg kg^?1 17β‐ES and 20, 40, 60 mg kg^?1 17α‐MT treatments. The best colouration was achieved in the 17α‐MT groups (P < 0.05). The L* values varied between 32.98 ± 4.44 and 61.35 ± 2.19, a* values between ?7.06 ± 0.22 and ?3.42 ± 0.11, and b* values between ?7.74 ± 0.10 and 11.65 ± 0.03, while Chroma (C*) and Hue (H°_ab) angle values varied between 7.54 ± 0.22 and 13.60 ± 0.01 and between 119.76 ± 0.05 and 239.73 ± 4.86. In conclusion, the 17α‐MT feeding was found to have a greater effect on the growth, feed conversion ratio, masculunization and pigmentation of the electric blue haps than the 17β‐ES treatment.     

稻壳炭制备工艺参数对吸附性能的影响

以稻壳为原料,采用水热法制备稻壳炭,将稻壳炭用于吸附印染废水中亚甲基蓝。利用XRD、SEM、TG、FT-IR等手段对稻壳炭进行表征分析,探究炭化温度和炭化时间对稻壳炭理化性质和亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响。结果表明,炭化温度是影响稻壳炭吸附性能的重要因素,炭化温度为180～220 ℃,稻壳炭对亚甲基蓝去除率高于90%,亚甲基蓝的吸附量大于6.27 mg/g,其中,炭化温度为200 ℃、炭化时间为8 h,稻壳炭结构完整,孔隙结构良好,含氧官能团数量较多,吸附活性点位较多,对亚甲基蓝吸附性能较好,去除率和吸附能力分别为93.04%和6.62 mg/g。随着RH-200-8稻壳炭再生次数的增加,稻壳炭的去除率略有下降,RH-220-8-3（即稻壳炭使用第3次）的亚甲基蓝去除率达82.20%（10 h）。     

蛹虫草中蓝光受体基因Cmwc–1和Cmwc–2的表达特性分析

采用RT–PCR克隆蛹虫草中蓝光受体基因Cmwc–1和Cmwc–2。结果表明,Cmwc–2基因序列的翻译产物Cm WC–2中存在1个PAS结构域和1个锌指结构域。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,蛹虫草菌丝体Cmwc–1和Cmwc–2基因的表达量分别在蓝光照射后6 h和2 h达到峰值。子实体形成不同阶段Cmwc–1和Cmwc–2的相对转录量都有较大差异,生长50 d时蛹虫草子实体不同部位的Cmwc–1表达主要在子实体的中下段,Cmwc–2的表达主要在子实体的顶端和中段,畸形子实体中Cmwc–1和Cmwc–2的表达量都不高。     

纳米助剂对防治西花蓟马五种植物源农药的增效作用

为有效控制有机基地芹菜上的西花蓟马,本研究在防治西花蓟马的植物源农药中加入一定比例的纳米助剂,以期达到提高植物源农药增效减量的目的.研究结果表明:在五种供试的植物源农药(5％扑利旺、0.3％印楝素、1.5％除虫菊素、0.6％苦参碱、2.5％鱼藤酮)中,0.6％苦参碱是防治西花蓟马的理想药剂,施药后3d和7d防治效果为7...     

Water‐soluble protein level in fishmeal affects extrusion behaviour,phase transitions and physical quality of feed

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of water‐soluble protein (WSP) as a plasticizer in the fish feed extrusion process and the impact on physical pellet quality. A three‐factor central composite design was used to study the influence of the variables WSP in the feed mix, and steam and water addition in the extruder. Regression models with r² in the range of 0.862–0.976 (P < 0.001) were established for specific mechanical energy (SME), pellet hardness, cutting strength, sectional expansion index, length, bulk density, oil adsorption capacity and extrudate flow‐starting temperature (T_f). Addition of WSP had a positive effect on SME and improved the physical pellet quality, while moisture had the opposite effect. Expansion parameters showed a complex relationship and were influenced by all the studied process variables. Increase in WSP and moisture content had a comparable effect on T_f reduction. This opens up the possibility to obtain a satisfactory ‘cook’ at reduced moisture level with a potential for significant reduction of the energy consumption during drying of the extrudate. Overall conclusion from the experiment is that WSP can be used as a processing aid for the fish feed industry, serving multiple purposes as nutrient, plasticizer and binder in extruded fish feed.     

红光和蓝光对葡萄叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响

为了明确红光和蓝光对葡萄叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响,以设施延迟栽培条件下叶片衰老速度不同的两个葡萄品种‘意大利’和‘无核白鸡心’为试材,分别进行补充红光和蓝光处理,以未补光处理作对照,研究其对功能叶片衰老期间叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量,净光合速率,丙二醛（MDA）含量,过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及超氧阴离子自由基（）和过氧化氢（H2O2）含量的影响。研究结果表明：与对照相比,红光明显减缓了叶片中叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量以及净光合速率的下降,提高了CAT和SOD活性,减慢了MDA、、H2O2的上升速率,推迟了H2O2出现最大含量的时间,延缓了叶片衰老;蓝光处理下,叶片衰老前期的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、抗氧化酶活性均低于对照,加速了叶片的衰老进程,但在后期叶绿素含量、净光合速率和抗氧化酶活性逐渐高于对照,在一定程度上延缓了叶片衰老。两个品种间比较,‘意大利’叶片衰老缓慢,在生育后期仍能维持较高的抗氧化酶活性。