利用根管法对油菜和冬小麦苗期根系形态的研究

快速、准确的根系原位观测方法是根系研究中的重要技术,本研究介绍了一种根管盆栽方法,该方法在透明PVC管内种植作物,通过遮光膜保持管内黑暗环境,以实现在作物生长过程中对其根系生长的原位动态观测,且根系生长环境更接近田间实际情况,并可通过改变根管长度、半径等将其应用于田间深根作物的研究中。利用此方法、结合根系扫描技术分析了油菜和冬小麦从发芽到出苗后16 d时的根系生长情况。结果表明,出苗后7和16 d冬小麦根系和地上部干物重均大于油菜,出苗后16 d冬小麦和油菜根冠比分别为0.513和0.372。大部分根系分布在0~16 cm表层土壤中,出苗后16 d冬小麦和油菜表层土壤中的根长在总根长中的比例分别为62.60%和67.76%,根系总表面积、总体积和一级侧根数均为表层土壤中占比最多,在出苗后7 d,总根长、总表面积、总体积和一级侧根数均为冬小麦显著高于油菜,而在出苗后16 d,两种作物的总根长和总表面积差别不大,说明油菜根系生长呈先缓后快趋势。表层土壤中根系平均直径小于底层土壤,油菜根系平均直径小于冬小麦,油菜和冬小麦的根系直径均大部分在0~0.50 mm之间,随着根系生长,较细的侧根逐渐增多,根系平均直径变小。出苗后16 d内的冬小麦根系伸长速率为1.83 cm/d,大于油菜的1.51 cm/d。因此,冬小麦苗期根系生长快于油菜,油菜根系呈先缓后快的生长特性。本研究介绍的根管法是一种原位研究根系的有效方法。     

Study on the association of BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with clinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cows

Genotyping of bovine leucocyte antigen DRB3.2 (BoLA-DRB3.2) in a total of 523 Norwegian Red (NR) cows from two groups selected for high protein yield and low clinical mastitis, respectively, identified 27 previously reported BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles across the groups. Significant differences in BoLA-DRB3.2 allele frequencies were found between the selection groups. Alleles *13, *18, *22 and *27 had a significantly higher frequency in cows selected for low clinical mastitis, while alleles *3, *9, *11 and *26 had a higher frequency in cows selected for high protein yield. Associations between BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles and clinical mastitis were analysed based on mastitis data from 741,072 first-lactation NR cows, of which 452 were genotyped. Alleles *22 and *26 were found to be associated with increased clinical mastitis, while alleles *7, *11, *18 and *24 had a favourable effect on mastitis resistance. Contradictory results from different studies investigating associations between BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles and mastitis indicate that future studies should focus on associations of mastitis with BoLA haplotypes rather than with single BoLA genes.     

北方牧区奶牛饲养品种的选择

作者主要从北方牧区的自然气候条件、生态类型、饲养管理水平出发，结合牛品种特点以及经济效益对比分析，得出北方牧区奶牛最佳饲养品种为对北方牧区的自然条件和饲养方式有较强适应性的地方培育兼用型品种中国西门塔尔牛和三河牛，并初步探讨了我国奶牛业的发展战略。     

花尾榛鸡的救助方法

花尾榛鸡是国家Ⅱ级保护动物，由于非法盗猎、天敌的侵害、严寒的影响，使花尾榛鸡受到伤害，因此需要采取多种方法进行人为救助。     

优选高校教材的探讨

教材选用是高校教材建设的一项基础性工作，是提高教学质量的关键。本文结合高校教材选用工作的实践，探讨如何提高教材选用质量。     

Responses in carcass lean pH at 24 hours post-mortem in lines of Large White pigs selected for growth rate on a fixed ration over a set time

A restricted maximum likelihood analysis applied to an animal model showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in pH value of the longissimus dorsi measured at 24 h post-mortem (pH24) between high and low lines of Large White pigs selected over 4 years for post-weaning growth rate on restricted feeding. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between pH24 and production and carcass traits were estimated using all performance testing records combined with the pH24 measurements (5.05–7.02) on slaughtered animals. The estimate of heritability for pH24 was moderate (0.29 ± 0.18). Genetic correlations between pH24 and production or carcass composition traits, except for ultrasonic backfat (UBF), were not significantly different from zero. UBF had a moderate, positive genetic correlation with pH24 (0.24 ± 0.33). These estimates of genetic correlations affirmed that selection for increased growth rate on restricted feeding is likely to result in limited changes in pH24 and pork quality since the selection does not put a high emphasis on reduced fatness.     

Influence of feeding regime on timing of parturition in beef cattle and the relationship of vaginal temperature to parturition

The timing of parturition was recorded for a total of 56 beef cattle (Japanese Black × Holstein Friesian) on different dietary treatments. The rate of calving during daylight hours in cows night‐fed (18.00 hours) with a roughage diet was significantly higher than that in cows night‐fed with a high concentrate diet (79.2% vs 38.5%, P < 0.05). Subsequently, the vaginal temperature (VT) of these cows was analyzed using a cosinor method. When the feeding schedule was changed from twice daily (08.30 and 15.30 hours) to night feeding, the periodicity, the acrophase and the bathyphase, which were the parameters of the cosine curve, were unstable from the first day of night feeding until after day 6 (P < 0.05). Prior to parturition, the midline‐estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) and the amplitude for the cows that were fed a high‐roughage diet at night and that calved at night‐time were lower and larger, respectively, than that for the other treatments (P < 0.01). Based on these results, the time of parturition in most of the beef cows was influenced by feeding time and diet composition. Those cows that calved at night‐time in spite of night feeding had lower vaginal temperatures.     

不同播种方式对岷山红三叶草产量的影响

通过在海拔2 450 m的岷县南部高寒阴湿地区进行岷山红三叶Trifolium pratense cv.Minshan干草丰产栽培试验,得到以下结论：条播为岷山红三叶进行干草生产的最佳播种方式,行距以20 cm最为理想,该行距下生长速度快,而且产草量最高。播种当年A组（行距20 cm）鲜草产量比对照组(撒播)高出4 987.5 kg/hm2,是对照组的1.27倍,差异极显著（P＜0.01）;A组鲜草产量比B组（行距40 cm）高101 kg/hm2,差异显著（P<0.05）。生长第2年,A组鲜草产量均高于对照组和B组,是对照组的1.16倍,差异极显著（P＜0.01）,是B组的1.02倍,差异显著（P＜0.05）。不同播种方式对岷山红三叶鲜干比无影响。     

兔豆状囊尾蚴的压片技术及染色方法研究

为了详细观察豆状囊尾蚴头节的形态结构,通过屠宰检验或病兔剖检采集的豆状囊尾蚴的囊泡,制作压片后用不同的染色方法进行了比较.结果表明,制作豆状囊尾蚴头节压片的关键是载玻片要洁净、干燥,从囊泡中取出的头节应完整无损,并尽量除去黏附在头节上的囊液.将带有头节的结节放在载玻片的中部,再在其上放一载玻片,两手在载玻片的两端均匀用力挤压,待结节全部展开即可.为了观察头节的正面结构,在压制玻片前,应用手术刀片除去原始颈节与体节部分.通过常用的几种单染色和复染色法对压片进行染色,证明单染色更有利于详细的观察头节的结构,而且几种单染色之间有互补染色效果.     

一例金毛犬胫骨斜骨折的髓内针逆向插入法联合钢丝内固定术治疗

通过对一例金毛犬胫骨斜骨折进行内固定术,详细介绍了髓内针逆向插法联合钢丝进行内固定术的手术要点,为同行进行犬胫骨斜骨折内固定术治疗提供参考。