C18-磁性纳米颗粒萃取虾肉中氯霉素残留

建立了一种用C18键合磁珠固相萃取虾肉中氯霉素残留的方法。在Fe3O4超顺磁性纳米颗粒的表面键合C18基团,制备双功能反相萃取颗粒。用该颗粒对样品中的氯霉素残留进行固相萃取,对结合时间、温度、磁珠用量等因素进行了优化,建立磁珠法兽药残留固相萃取方法。用标准方法(SN/T 1864-2007)对萃取所得产物进行检测。经过优化,C18键合磁珠的最佳萃取条件为50℃结合5 min,用1 mL甲醇洗脱3次。检测结果显示该方法具有良好的精密度和回收率。在0.1～10μg/kg之间具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9941,检出限为0.1μg/kg。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好、准确度高,可满足虾肉中氯霉素残留检测的需要。     

混合农药对氟乐灵在固相表面光化学降解影响的研究

以高压汞灯和太阳光为光源,研究氟乐灵在玻片、硅胶G、石英砂和膨润土表面的光化学降解.结果表明,在高压汞灯下,氟乐灵在玻片、硅胶G、石英砂和膨润土表面的光解半衰期分别为24.78、98.51、106.41和220.42 min.将7种农药分别与氟乐灵在硅胶G中以1:1混合,经太阳光照射,混合农药对氟乐灵均表现光敏化作用;剂量比为10:1时,表现为光猝灭效应;而1:5时,溴氰菊酯和氟氰菊酯仍为光猝灭作用,其余5种农药则表现为光敏化作用.在石英砂表面,丙烯菊酯使氟乐灵光解半衰期延长,氰戊菊酯则使氟乐灵在膨润土表面光稳定性增强,照光18 h后,氟乐灵单独处理降解率为27.05%,而与氰戊菊酯共存时,氟乐灵仅降解了5.41%.     

Agricultural residues in panel production – Impact of silica particle content and morphology on tool wear

Abstract

Considering ongoing global deforestation and the increased demand for raw materials in all wood-processing sectors it is necessary to seek and employ alternative resources. Agricultural residues are potential sources of alternative lignocellulose-based raw materials. Research on substitute materials for wood panel production mainly focused on physical and mechanical properties of boards while much remains to be learned about machining. Therefore, studies were carried out to analyse the relationship between ash and silica content and their impact on tool wear. Ash and silica contents of agricultural residues were determined following ISO 3340. Particle morphology and elemental composition of selected materials were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Tool wear tests were carried out using particleboards made from wheat straw, canola straw and spruce. Analyses of various plant materials displayed no correlation between ash and silica content. Bio-mineralised silica structures in wheat and canola were different compared to coarse silica found in wood-based particleboard. Tool wear caused by these agricultural residues was just moderately increased compared to wood, despite the fact that their silica contents were many times higher. Furthermore, the impact of abrasive substances on wear behaviour was influenced by the density of the panels.     

Pd/mpg-C_3N_4催化剂的制备、表征及其对松香加氢反应的催化性能

以SiO_2和三聚氰胺为原料,通过高温焙烧法制得介孔类石墨相氮化碳(mpg-C_3N_4),以浸渍法负载Pd纳米粒子制得Pd/mpg-C_3N_4,并用于催化松香加氢反应。采用XRD、FT-IR、TEM、ICP-AES、XPS、氮气吸附-脱附及GC分析对催化剂的结构、形貌特征、Pd负载量、金属价态、比表面积和孔径以及催化活性进行分析。结果表明:Pd纳米粒子成功地均匀分散在了氮化碳的层状结构中,Pd的负载并没有改变mpg-C_3N_4的骨架结构,Pd/mpg-C_3N_4仍然保持着介孔结构;但是Pd的负载使mpg-C_3N_4的比表面积、孔容和孔径均有所减小,Pd/mpg-C_3N_4的比表面积、孔容和孔径分别为47.73 m^2/g、0.17 cm^3/g和3.39 nm。在负载量为7.96%,5 MPa H_2、150℃和反应4 h的松香催化加氢优化条件下制得去氢枞酸GC含量5.99%,枞酸GC含量小于1%的氢化松香产品(其中四氢枞酸为37.12%,二氢枞酸为56.71%)。催化剂Pd/mpg-C_3N_4重复使用4次后,四氢枞酸GC含量由37.12%下降至24.71%,去氢枞酸GC含量由5.99%上升至9.76%。     

A rapid,simple, and sensitive immunoagglutination assay with silica nanoparticles for serotype identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

An agglutination test based on colored silica nanoparticles (colored SiNps) was established to detect serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Monodisperse colored SiNps were used as agglutination test carriers. The colored SiNps were prepared through reverse microemulsion with reactive dyes, sensitized with 11 kinds of mono-specific antibodies against P. aeruginosa, and denoted as IgG-colored SiNps. Eleven kinds of IgG-colored SiNps were individually mixed with P. aeruginosa on a glass slide. Different serotypes of P. aeruginosa could be identified by agglutination test with evident agglutination. The P. aeruginosa could be detected in a range from 3.6 × 10⁵ to 3.6 × 10¹² cfu mL^?1. This new agglutination test was confirmed to be a specific, sensitive, fast, easy-to-perform, and cost-efficient tool for the routine diagnosis of P. aeruginosa.     

Study on Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete

In this paper the high-performance concretes with 56-day compressive strengths of 60 to 100 MPa (with or without silica fume) have been studied experimentally in order to develop information about the mechanical properties of high-performance concrete. Results and discussions are presented regarding compressive strength gain with time,effect of drying. A linear equation of static modulus of elasticity has been derived.The static modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio are calculated by regression with testing data of 20 specimens.     

早稻品种对二化螟的抗性及其生化基础研究

】对二化螟在早籼５１４３和中１０６１与杂交早籼新香Ａ／７１和优ＩＡ／６６上造成的枯鞘、枯心数,及对不同品种稻株的总糖量和氨基酸总量测定及叶鞘组织硅质化分析,研究了水稻不同品种与二化螟的抗虫性关系。结果表明,虽未出现高抗二化螟的品种,但品种间对二化螟的耐虫性差别明显,中１０６１对二化螟的耐虫性最强,５１４３和新香Ａ／７１居中,优ＩＡ／６６最弱。二化螟在不同品种上的种群消长与糖含量具有一定相关性,糖含量高的品种二化螟发生程度重。硅化细胞多,硅质化程度高的品种对二化螟的抗性强。     

根据机动细胞硅酸体形态性状判别籼粳的研究

 以中国和亚洲其他国家的水稻地方品种和改良品种为材料,研究了机动细胞硅酸体的形态性状在籼、粳亚种间的差异。通过主成分分析和判别分析,探讨并建立了以硅酸体形态性状为指标的籼粳判别式,其判别效率可达90%左右,明显优于粒型判别法,与佐滕等提出的基于酚反应、氯酸钾抗性和稃毛长的判别结果基本一致。由于植物蛋白石具有残留量多和抗风化等优点,作者认为在籼、粳稻起源和分化的研究中,根据植物蛋白石的形态进行籼粳判别的方法比基于炭化米的粒型判别法更加有效。     

毛竹施用硅肥的效应研究

探讨了在有效硅含量水平较低的流纹岩风化物发育的土壤上，中、低产毛竹林施用硅肥的效应。试验结果表明，在中、低产毛竹林中施用硅肥是没有增产效果的；土壤中有效硅的含量管较低，但足够毛竹生长对硅素的需要。综合诊断施肥法（DRIS）对硅素营养的诊断结果提示，即使在具有较高竹材产量的竹林中，无论施用N、P、K三要素肥料与否，硅的营养况仍然是接近适宜水平的。鉴于中因大多数竹林的实际情况，认为目前生产上尚无施用硅肥的必要。     

Immobilization of the pesticide 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on a silica gel surface

A route for the immobilization of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) on silica gel has been developed. In the first step the precursor was prepared by reacting the silylating agent 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine with silica gel. Nitrogen analysis of this anchored compound showed the presence of 1.16 mmol of amine groups per gram of support. The herbicide was covalently bonded to the amine groups previously anchored onto silica gel. Infrared, [¹³C] and [²⁹Si] NMR spectra supported the reaction between the nitrogen of the amine group of the anchored silica with the carbon on the para‐position of the aromatic ring of 2,4‐D. The reaction yield, 90.3%, was confirmed through elemental analysis. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry