饲料中不同添加剂组合对锦鲤生长和体色的影响

为研究饲料中不同添加剂组合对锦鲤Cyprinus carpio(初始体质量为195.88 g±0.98 g)生长和体色的影响,并与日本优质锦鲤商品饲料进行增重和增色效果对比,进行了增重和增色两部分试验,其中增重部分以三色锦鲤为研究对象,探讨了试验增重饲料与商品增重饲料对其生长的影响,增色部分以红白锦鲤为研究对象,探讨了试验对比饲料、试验增色饲料和商品增色饲料对其体色的影响,各组均设3个重复,试验周期为60 d,每隔15 d测定锦鲤的生长和体色指标。结果表明:添加L-肉碱、血球蛋白粉、螺旋藻和枯草芽孢杆菌的试验饲料对三色锦鲤的促生长效果与商品增色料无显著性差异(P0.05),但试验饲料具有更低的饲料系数;添加虾青素、螺旋藻和枯草芽孢杆菌的试验饲料对红白锦鲤体色的增艳效果与商品增色料无显著性差异(P0.05);投喂两种试验增色料和商品增色料的锦鲤体表各部位对色素的沉积程度相似。研究表明,采用不同添加剂组合的两种试验饲料与日本优质锦鲤饲料的功效水平相当,能够分别满足对锦鲤快速增重和增色的要求。     

DNA条形码在鱼类胃含物种类鉴定中的应用

DNA条形码技术是利用一段较短的DNA序列实现快速准确物种鉴定的工具,已成为近年来生物类群的研究热点,并逐步被引进到各个领域。在海洋生物群落生态学中,DNA条形码已被用于海洋生物系统分类、分子遗传多样性、种间亲缘关系、系统进化关系等研究;国外已有学者将其应用到海洋生物食性分析的研究中,国内相关文章较少。本文介绍了DNA条形码的由来、发展以及相关原理和基本实验步骤,并阐述了其优点以及局限性,分析了其在肉食性鱼类胃含物不可辨认种类鉴定中的应用价值,并展望其在未来分类学发展中的应用前景。     

牛磺酸对投喂高脂饲料草鱼幼鱼生长、肌肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】研究牛磺酸对投喂高脂饲料草鱼幼鱼生长、肌肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】选取平均初始体质量为(45.13±2.78)g/尾的健康草鱼幼鱼720尾,随机分成6组(每组4个重复,每个重复30尾),第1组为基础组,饲喂基础饲料(脂肪水平为5.09%),第2组为高脂组,饲喂高脂饲料(脂肪水平为8.25%),其余4组为牛磺酸添加组,分别饲喂添加200,700,1 200和1 700mg/kg牛磺酸的高脂饲料,养殖65d后,测定草鱼体质量和体长,并采集尾静脉血样、肝胰脏和肌肉样品,用于测定草鱼幼鱼生长、肌肉品质及抗氧化能力指标。【结果】(1)与基础组相比,高脂组草鱼脏体指数(VSI)、肌肉粗脂肪含量、肝胰脏和血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P0.05),空壳率(ESR)、肝胰脏和血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低(P0.05)。(2)与高脂组相比,添加700mg/kg牛磺酸显著提高了鱼体增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FER)(P0.05);添加1 700mg/kg牛磺酸显著降低了VSI(P0.05);700~1 700mg/kg牛磺酸分别显著提高了ESR,降低了肌肉中粗脂肪含量(P0.05);在抗氧化酶活性方面,200~1 200和700~1 700mg/kg牛磺酸分别显著提高了肝胰脏SOD和CAT活性,1 200和700mg/kg牛磺酸分别显著提高了血清中SOD和CAT活性(P0.05);当牛磺酸添加量分别为700~1 200,200~1 700mg/kg时显著降低了肝胰脏、血清中MDA含量(P0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,投喂高脂饲料显著降低了草鱼幼鱼的肌肉品质和机体的抗氧化能力;投喂添加适宜剂量(700~1 200mg/kg)牛磺酸的高脂饲料促进了草鱼幼鱼的生长,改善了肌肉品质,提高了机体抗氧化能力。     

低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮对断奶仔猪生产性能和氮排放的影响

以长×大二元杂交仔猪为试材,研究了低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮(低蛋白日粮)对断奶仔猪生产性能及氮排放的影响.结果表明:低蛋白日粮组(试验组)仔猪的体增重极显著高于对照组,比对照组多增重17.74％;低蛋白平衡日粮极显著提高了日粮中粗蛋白的表观消化率,降低料重比7.9％,同时使死淘率下降51.47％;试验组粪样中氮含量低于对照...     

梨小食心虫人工饲养技术研究

为发展一个利用人工饲料在实验室条件下进行规模化、标准化饲养梨小食心虫的技术,在T=24±l℃,RH=(60±10)％,L∶D=16∶8 h的人工气候箱中,分别用人工饲料和苹果饲养梨小食心虫,对梨小食心虫的生命参数、饲养方法和条件进行研究.结果表明,用以玉米粉、小麦胚芽粉、啤酒酵母为主要原料,配以琼脂、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、...     

人工饲料对柑橘大实蝇成虫寿命和繁殖特性的影响

为了明确柑橘大实蝇[ Bactrocera minax (Enderlein)]成虫人工饲养的最适配方,室内条件下测定了蜂蜜水、糖醋液、啤酒酵母蔗糖水以及蛋白胨蔗糖水等4种人工饲料对柑橘大实蝇成虫寿命、交配次数及产卵量的影响.结果表明,4种人工饲料均能满足柑橘大实蝇成虫存活和繁殖的营养需求.以4种人工饲料饲喂的成虫可存活23～45 d,期间交配3～5次,且4种配方间没有显著差异;研究还显示,以蛋白胨蔗糖水喂食的成虫单雌产卵量最高,约为20粒,与其他3种配方间具有明显差异.研究结果可为柑橘大实蝇基础生物学特性和可持续治理技术提供参考.     

尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼氮收支与饲料组成关系

用生物学方法测定和比较了三种饲料喂养的"吉富"品系尼罗罗非鱼的氮收支,同时用化学方法估算和比较了三种饲料组的含氮排泄废物。结果表明,饲料种类对尼罗罗非鱼的特定生长率及饲料转化效率有显著影响(P<0.01),饲喂欧洲料的鱼的特定生长率最快;饲料种类对尼罗罗非鱼的氮收支分配也有显著影响(P<0.01),饲喂大江料的鱼用于生长的氮的比例最高;饲料蛋白源的质量、含能量以及营养平衡状况直接影响鱼的氮代谢,提高饲料质量是从源头控制养殖污染的关键。     

瘤荔枝螺对饵料的摄食选择性研究

为了解决瘤荔枝螺亲螺促熟培育的适宜饵料问题,选用菲律宾蛤仔、缢蛏、等边浅蛤、紫贻贝、条纹隔贻贝、小杂蟹、小青占鱼为饵料,研究瘤荔枝螺对7种饵料的摄食喜好性。结果表明,在海水比重1.013~1.015、水温22~25℃,溶氧量4~5 mg/L的条件下,瘤荔枝螺对条纹隔贻贝具有很强的嗜好性,对缢蛏、紫贻贝、小杂蟹也表现出正选择,对菲律宾蛤仔、等边浅蛤、小青占鱼表现为明显的负选择,其被避食程度由弱到强依次为等边浅蛤>菲律宾蛤仔>排卵后等边浅蛤≥排卵后菲律宾蛤仔>小青占鱼。     

Changing of fat content and fatty acid profile of reared pike (Esox lucius) fed two different diets

Fat content and fatty acid profile of two pike yearling groups grown on two different diets were compared. The groups originated from culture on artificial feed. One group (cultured pike fed first pellet then prey‐fish (PF)) was fed with natural food, live prey‐fish, while the other one (cultured pike fed exclusively pellet (PP)) by trout feed through a 3‐month experimental period. Growth of pike was lower with PP than with PF. The trout feed resulted in an increase of the fat content of fillet and the formation of abdominal fat depots. Feeding of natural food decreased the fat content. The proportion of the saturated fatty acids in fillet was higher in the (PF) group. The n‐6 fatty acids (arachidonic C20:4n‐6 and docosatetraenic C22:4n‐6 acids) were lowest in PP‐fed pike. Regarding total n‐3 fatty acids ratio there was no significant difference between the groups, but the level of α‐linolenic (C:18:3n‐3) acid showed significant difference among groups.     

Effect of dietary phosphorus levels on growth and body composition of crucian carp,Carassius auratus under indoor and outdoor experiments

Indoor and outdoor experiments were carried out simultaneously to evaluate the effects of dietary phosphorus levels on growth performance and body composition of crucian carp. Monocalcium was used to formulate extruded feed containing available phosphorus (AP) of 1.5 (D1), 4.7 (D2), 6.3 (D3) and 9.0 (D4) g kg^?1. Twelve 500‐L recirculating tanks were assigned to four triplicate groups with each tank stocked with 15 juveniles (39.88 ± 0.14 g) for indoor experiment. Twelve polyethylene enclosures were assigned to four groups with each one stocked with 120 juveniles (44.08 ± 1.36 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, survival ranged from 96% to 100%. Weight gain, special growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion rate did not show significant differences among dietary treatments in both experiments. Fish cultured in the enclosures grew better, although D1 and D2 treatments did not reach significant level. Crude protein and phosphorus content of the fish were not significantly affected by dietary phosphorus level. Moisture, crude lipid, crude ash and vertebrae phosphorus were significantly affected by different phosphorus levels. Based on vertebrae phosphorus, crucian carp cultured in the tanks and in the enclosures showed phosphorus deficiency under 4.7 g kg^?1 and 6.3 g kg^?1 AP, respectively.