不同药剂处理对西甜瓜细菌性果斑病的抑菌效果初探

选用11种药剂对西瓜细菌性果斑病（BFB）病原菌进行室内毒力测定,经测定福尔马林、H2O2、HCL、新植霉素、果腐净1号和农用链霉素6种药剂对该病菌具有明显的抑菌效果。用该6种药剂分别浸泡甜瓜带菌种子,通过调查各处理后种子的发芽及苗期的发病情况,结果发现：福尔马林和果腐净1号的防效最为显著,分别达97.6%和94.9%。     

蜜世界甜瓜日光温室栽培技术要点分析

蜜世界甜瓜具有皮厚、耐贮运、高产、耐低温、肉质酥软、品味优良等优点。本文对蜜世界甜瓜日光温室栽培中的育苗、定植、田间管理及病虫害防治技术要点进行分析,以指导种植户生产,提高其经济效益。     

嫁接对薄皮甜瓜果皮和果肉中主要酯类、游离氨基酸及酯类合成相关酶活性的影响

目的研究嫁接对薄皮甜瓜不同发育时期果皮和果肉中主要酯类、氨基酸以及相关酶活性的影响,以期明确嫁接对薄皮甜瓜果实中芳香物质影响的初步机制,并阐明氨基酸与酯类物质形成的关系。方法利用固相微萃取法(SPME)和气相色谱法(GC)结合定量检测4种主要挥发性酯类物质含量,测定游离氨基酸的种类和含量及酯类合成关键酶醇脱氢酶(ADH)和醇酰基转移酶(AAT)活性。结果嫁接提高了果皮和果肉中乙酸乙酯含量,降低了乙酸己酯和乙酸苯甲酯含量;提高了果皮中乙酸-2-甲基-1-丁酯含量,但降低了其在果肉中含量。共检测到16种游离氨基酸,氨基酸含量随着果实成熟逐渐升高,且嫁接果实氨基酸含量在前期高于自根,而在发育中后期低于自根,并验证了缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸参与了乙酸-2-甲基-1-丁酯的合成。嫁接极显著地降低了果皮中ADH和AAT活性,显著降低了果肉中AAT和ADH活性。结论嫁接改变了甜瓜果皮和果肉中主要酯类含量,成熟期果皮中酯类含量高于果肉。嫁接使大部分游离氨基酸含量降低,其中部分氨基酸参与了支链酯类的合成。嫁接总体上降低了ADH和AAT活性。     

有机无机液体肥料对几种蔬菜的施用效果

以年内在同一地块对番茄、菜瓜、芹菜三种不同蔬菜,进行了施用葛林美有机无机液体肥料不同处理试验,结果表明:施用葛林美有机无机液体肥料对提高蔬菜作物产量、改善品质有明显效果,番茄、芹菜、菜瓜增产6.2%～32.2%;维生素、纤维素含量提高,酸度、硝酸盐含量下降。     

ABA对甜瓜果实成熟和软化的调节

以甜瓜为材料,分析了果实发育成熟过程中生理生化变化,克隆了ABA生物合成关键酶9-顺环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶基因NCED的保守序列并进行表达分析,研究了ABA,NDGA、1-MCP及1-MCP+ABA对果实成熟软化的影响.结果表明:NCED基因在甜瓜果实始熟期大量表达,内源ABA高峰出现在此之后.乙烯释放量,ACC含量和ACO活性在果实成熟初期极低,其各自峰值的出现迟于ABA高峰10 d左右.外源ABA处理显著促进果实成熟和软化,各项成熟指标比对照提前8 d.NDGA处理效果相反;1-MCP和1-MCP+ABA处理与NDGA处理相似,但效果较小.ABA启动了甜瓜果实成熟,它通过诱导乙烯合成相关酶基因的表达而参与了成熟与软化过程,乙烯则主要在成熟后期,尤其是在果实固有风味形成过程中起主导作用.     

不同杀菌剂处理对采后哈密瓜品质的影响

[目的]研究不同杀菌剂处理对采后哈密瓜品质的影响.[方法]以新疆"8501"哈密瓜为研究对象,采用NaCl(1.5;、2;、2.5;)、水杨酸(0.5‰、1‰、1.5‰)、草酸(4‰、6‰、8‰)和柠檬酸(0.5;、1;、1.5;)对哈密瓜进行采后涂抹杀菌剂处理,定期测定哈密瓜采后贮藏期间的各项品质指标.[结果]2; 的NaCl、1‰的水杨酸、6‰的草酸和1; 的柠檬酸处理,均能延缓哈密瓜呼吸高峰,降低VC含量损失,促进果实总酚和类黄酮含量的积累,减缓哈密瓜可溶性固形物的消耗,抑制果实的软化,较好地保持哈密瓜的品质,有效延长哈密瓜的贮藏期.[结论]综合比较,以1‰的水杨酸处理效果最佳.     

甜瓜黑点根腐病菌Monosporascus cannonballus在中国大陆的首次报道

2005年夏季,在甘肃省中部的半干旱种植区的一块甜瓜品种试验田中,一些甜瓜植株在收获前2周突然凋萎,从病根上分离得到3株生长速度快的高温型子囊菌,对其中2个菌株进行了形态特征、生物学特性及致病性研究,根据其独特的、每个子囊内仅产生一个黑色子囊孢子的主要形态特征和对甜瓜及西瓜的致病性,将其鉴定为Monosporascus cannonballus PollackUecker。这是该菌在我国大陆的首次报道。     

超高压协同pH值对哈密瓜汁中脂氧合酶钝化效果的研究

为了研究超高压和pH值单独及协同处理对哈密瓜中脂氧合酶(LOX)的钝化效果,采用柠檬酸和碳酸钠调整哈密瓜汁的pH值为2~11,设定实验压0.1~500MPa,温度20~60℃,保压时间0~40min。结果表明,哈密瓜中LOX的最适pH值为7~8,最适温度为30~35℃;常温下单纯超高压处理鲜榨哈密瓜汁很难钝化LOX,调整酸碱度协同超高压处理,能很好地钝化LOX;在pH值4~5,温度25℃和55℃,压力300~500MPa,保压时间5~30min时,LOX的钝化符合一级反应动力学。     

甜瓜新品种‘夏蜜’

‘夏蜜’为早熟稀疏网纹甜瓜新品种。果实高球形,平均单果质量1.3kg,果皮底色墨绿,果面覆有稀疏不规则细网纹;脆肉型,果肉绿白色,厚3.5cm;果实中心可溶性固形物含量15%以上;对蔓枯病有较强耐性,适宜于保护地栽培。     

Effect of bitter melon on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride

AIM: To investigate the effects of bitter melon (BM) on liver fibrosis induced by CCl₄ in Wistar rats. METHODS: Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (with 8 each): olive oil control group (group C), olive oil CCl₄ model group (group M), CCl₄+BM at low concentration (BM 100 g/kg, group BM-L), CCl₄+ BM at high concentration (BM 200 g/kg, group BM-H). All rats except those in group C were subcutaneously injected with CCl₄ twice a week for 8 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. After injection of CCl₄ for 8 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and the samples of blood and livers were collected. The weight ratio of liver to body was measured. The serum level of MDA and the activity of SOD were tested. The contents of total protein and albumin, the activity of GSH-Px, the content of hydroxyproline and the activity of monoamine oxidase in the liver homogenate were determined. Hepatic inflammation and collagen deposition were observed under microscope with Masson staining. RESULTS: In the rats treated with BM, the weight ratio of liver to body, the serum level of MDA, the content of hydroxyproline and the activity of monoamine oxidase in the liver homogenate were lower than those in group M (P<0.01). The serum activity of SOD, the contents of total protein and albumin, and the activity of GSH-Px in the liver homogenate were enhanced (P<0.01). The livers of the model rats had remarkable inflammatory necrosis, collagen accumulation and fibrosis. The rats in BM-treated group showed slighter hepatic injury and collagen deposition, and the liver functions were much better than those in the model group. High dose of BM showed more obvious liver-protective effects. CONCLUSION: BM attenuates liver fibrosis by its antioxidant effect and the mechanisms of reducing hydroxyproline content and monoamine oxidase activity.