胡萝卜红外干燥特性与干燥模型研究

为探讨物料在红外干燥过程中的水分变化规律,以胡萝卜为原料,研究干燥温度和切片厚度对干燥特性的影响并建立数学模型,并以Fick扩散定律和Arrhenius方程为依据,计算水分扩散系数和干燥活化能。结果表明,胡萝卜的切片厚度及干燥温度对其红外干燥特性有显著影响,温度越高,切片越薄,胡萝卜的干燥速率越快,其干燥温度及切片厚度的适宜范围分别为1~3 mm和70~90℃。Page模型预测值与实测值比较吻合,可用来描述胡萝卜干燥动力学过程。在不同的切片厚度和干燥温度下,有效水分扩散系数在0.26×10~(-10)~34.18×10~(-10)m~2·s~(-1)范围内随干燥温度和切片厚度的增加而增大。厚度为1、3、5、7 mm的干燥活化能分别为31.62、31.17、31.14、35.72 k J/mol。     

SSR标记对甜瓜杂交种‘众天翠雪’纯度的鉴定

旨在筛选能够用于甜瓜杂交种纯度和真实性鉴定的SSR引物。利用公认的18对多态性较好的甜瓜SSR(Simple Sequence Repeats)引物对甜瓜杂交种"众天翠雪"及其亲本进行多态性筛选,并在杂交群体中进行验证。13对引物在亲本间具有多态性条带,经过多次重复,筛选到2对引物在亲本间具有多态性、子代中兼具双亲条带,并且在子代群体中检测结果与田间形态鉴定结果一致。引物RF151和RF144能够作为‘众天翠雪’杂交种纯度鉴定的特异引物进行纯度检测。作为共显性标记特性的SSR分子标记可以作为杂交种纯度鉴定的重要工具。     

不同贮藏温度对“仙果”哈密瓜采后营养品质的影响

以沪产仙果哈密瓜为试材,分别在3,5,8,10℃和室温条件下贮藏,研究哈密瓜采后贮藏期间果实品质的变化。结果表明,采用低温贮藏能有效地降低哈密瓜果实腐烂率,抑制了总酸、总糖、可溶性固形物含量的下降。5℃贮藏温度明显延缓沪产仙果哈密瓜的品质下降,保持较高的感官品质和营养品质,贮藏保鲜效果最佳。     

不同改良剂对塑料大棚土壤理化性质及甜瓜品质的影响

土壤质量退化已成为制约现代设施农业可持续发展的瓶颈,采取适宜措施开展设施土壤改良活动对于促进设施农业持续健康发展具有重要意义.该研究以西安市塑料大棚土壤改良研究为例,分别探讨了土香香(T1)、腐殖酸(T2)、富活素(T3)、蚯蚓粪(T4)4种改良剂处理对大棚土壤基本理化性质、盐分离子组成、作物产量及品质的影响.结果 表...     

盐分、温度及其互作对甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了不同盐分(0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L)、温度(18、30、42℃)及其二者互作对甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,在相同温度下,随着盐浓度的增加,种子发芽率和幼苗生长量(侧根数、茎粗和根长)均有下降的趋势.30℃下,NaCl溶液对种子萌发抑制最小,浓度达到200 mmol/L时,仍有58％的种子萌发,18℃下,对种子萌发抑制作用最大,NaCl溶液浓度为150 mmol/L时,种子萌发被完全抑制;在同一NaCl溶液浓度下,甜瓜幼苗生长量表现为30C＞42℃＞18℃.盐分、温度及其二者互作对甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长均有一定的影响.低温比高温与盐分胁迫互作对甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长影响明显,甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长对盐分的响应依赖于温度的变化,抑制作用表现为:18℃＞42℃＞ 30℃.     

裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本雄花不育产生的原因

2000年－2004年,在甘肃河西走廊的酒泉市布置田间试验,研究了生理和遗传因素、密度、温度对裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本经历一段雄性不育期的影响。结果表明：裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本雄花开放后经历4~9d的不育雄花期才能开放正常雄花,这是一种自身的生理遗传特征;密度对小瓜型父本雄花不育程度有影响,密度越大雄花不育时间越长,单株产生的无效雄花数越多。25cm×90cm密度条件下不育雄花经历11d,比35cm×90cm、40cm×90cm分别长1d和2d,25cm株距单株平均不育雄花数为8.7个,比35cm、40cm株距分别多1.3个和2.2个,40cm×90cm为理想播种密度;从父本播种到有效雄花开放这一时段温度越高,无效雄花开放的时间越短,较低温度条件下,单株不育雄花数量增加,不育雄花开放经历时间增加。裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本经历一段雄性不育期除自身的生理遗传特征外,密度、雄花开放前温度也是重要的影响因素。     

阜新翠宝甜瓜优质高效技术研究

甜瓜新品种——翠宝自引进阜新市阜蒙县白玉都村以来,其优良的产量与品质表现得到瓜农与消费者的广泛认可。介绍并分析翠宝甜瓜在阜蒙县的良好品质和性状表现,得出其优质、高效的主要原因为当地特殊的气候地理环境和栽培过程中的精心管理及关键技术的应用。     

热处理降低哈密瓜果实活性氧代谢减轻冷害

为探讨热处理能否激发哈密瓜果实抗冷性,减轻冷害。该文以"西州密25号"哈密瓜为原料,在已有研究的基础上,将哈密瓜在55℃热水中浸泡3 min,以室温(22±2)℃清水浸泡3 min为对照,待其表面水分完全晾干以后,放置于3~5℃机械冷库中贮藏,测定贮藏期间哈密瓜品质及生理指标。结果表明,与对照相比,热处理诱导哈密瓜果肉过氧化氢H_2O_2和超氧阴离子O_2~-含量短暂增加,但明显减少贮藏中后期(14~35 d)H_2O_2,O_2~-的积累(P0.05),提高活性氧清除酶过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性(P0.05),抑制细胞膜相对渗透率和丙二醛含量上升,降低贮藏后期的冷害发生率(P0.05),缓解果实可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量下降(P0.05),保持果实较好的品质。热处理主要通过诱导活性氧信号分子,提高活性氧清除酶活性、减少膜脂过氧化作用,从而减轻果实的冷害。研究结果为哈密瓜采后贮藏技术提供理论参考。     

Screening of melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm for multiple disease resistance

Summary Melon germplasm was screened for cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis) resistance under artificial conditions except downy mildew for which screening was done under natural epiphytotic conditions. High level resistance to all the four diseases was not recorded in any of the collections tested. Nevertheless, ertheless, resistance to three diseases was located in three germplasm. Wild Cucumis species C. figarei exhibited absolute resistance to CGMMV and Fusarium wilt and high level resistance to downy mildew. Phoot or snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica) — a non-dessert from of Indian origin—was highly resistant to downy mildew and resistant to CGMMV and medium resistant to Fusarium wilt. Iroquois was resistant to powdery mildew and medium resistant to downy mildew and CGMMV.     

Original Papers: Manganese toxicity of melon plants growing on an isolated soil bed after steam sterilization

(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 257–263, 2006)

The symptom of blighted leaves was observed for the melon plants grown on an isolated soil bed after steam sterilization (SS) in a greenhouse in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. To clarify the causes of this symptom, soil and plant analyses were conducted in the first experiment. Manganese concentrations in the leaves with the symptom were higher than 1,000 mg kg?1and exchangeable Mn in the soil was higher than 30 mg kg?1, which indicated the observed symptom was due to Mn excess. In the second experiment, formation of Mn oxide-dissolving substances after SS was examined for several organic amendments, because large amounts of palm chips had been supplied to the soil before SS in the first experiment. As a treatment similar to SS, palm chips, bark compost, and cattle feces manure were autoclaved. The water extracts were collected before and after the autoclave treatment and the Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the extracts were evaluated. The Mn oxide-dissolving capacity of the water extracts after SS was remarkably higher than before SS, and the value was highest in palm chips, and followed by bark compost, and cattle feces manure. Fractionation and HPLC analysis of the water extracts after SS revealed that the main substance behind Mn oxide reduction in palm tips was arabinose and that in bark manure was malic acid. Further, Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the water extracts were almost completely explained by the amounts of arabinose or malic acid found in these materials. From these results, it was considered that reducing substances such as arabinose were released by SS from the palm chips which had been applied in large quantity before SS and these reducing substances dissolved the soil Mn oxides and increased the amounts of available Mn, which led to the occurrence of Mn toxicity to the plants.