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111.
江苏省西瓜甜瓜产区土壤质量状况调查与评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在江苏省西瓜甜瓜重点产区的苏南、苏中和苏北地区7个市瓜地采集了38个土壤样本,对土壤肥力状况进行了调查研究,结果表明:全省西甜瓜地土壤pH值平均为7.63,整体处于中性水平;土壤有机质和全氮平均含量分别为23.14、1.28 g·kg-1,均处于中等水平;土壤速效磷平均含量为45.66 mg·kg-1,处于很丰富水平;土壤速效钾平均含量为150.10 mg·kg-1,处于丰富水平;有效锌平均含量为1.94 mg·kg-1,处于丰富水平;而土壤有效硼平均含量为0.14 mg·kg-1,处于很缺乏的水平。因此,在培肥地力上应增施有机肥,适当降低磷肥的施用;此外,还应重视微量元素有效硼的施用。 相似文献
112.
[目的]探讨有机硅肥在热带设施甜瓜上的施用效果,为热带设施甜瓜合理使用有机硅肥提供实践依据.[方法]开展大棚试验,按喷施有机硅肥浓度水平组合设4个处理,分别为伸蔓期稀释倍数为1000倍,其他时期800倍(T1);伸蔓期稀释倍数为800倍,其他时期600倍(T2);伸蔓期稀释倍数为700倍,其他时期400倍(T3);伸蔓期稀释倍数为600倍,其他时期300倍(T4);以清水为对照(CK),研究不同浓度喷施对热带设施甜瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响.[结果]喷施有机硅肥的T2、T3处理甜瓜株高显著高于其他处理(P<0.05,下同);各处理甜瓜茎粗差异不显著(P>0.05,下同);相比处理,喷施有机硅肥处理的甜瓜叶面积、叶片SPAD值和果实纵横径均显著增加,收获时间可提前1~2d;随着浓度的增加,产量呈增加趋势,较CK分别增产9.95%、23.70%、24.45%和26.20%.其中产量最高的处理为伸蔓期喷施600倍液,其他时期300倍液的处理(29.50 t/ha).[结论]喷施有机硅肥可提高甜瓜产量和品质,建议使用叶面喷施有机硅肥的稀释倍数为伸蔓期600倍、其他时期300倍. 相似文献
113.
【目的】观察臭氧气体处理后甜瓜和雪花梨果实的贮藏品质变化,减少贮藏损失。【方法】以甜瓜和雪花梨为试材,经不同质量浓度臭氧气体处理后于4℃贮藏,定期分析果实品质变化。【结果】与对照相比,臭氧气体处理后甜瓜腐烂率降低50%,抗坏血酸含量下降10%、可滴定酸减少16%;有效维持雪花梨的硬度,延缓可溶性固形物变化,叶绿素含量下降47%;提高了两种果实可溶性蛋白质的含量,抑制丙二醛含量的上升。不同质量浓度的臭氧气体处理对甜瓜和雪花梨的腐烂率和品质的影响有所不同。甜瓜贮藏28d后,20mg/m3臭氧气体显著降低腐烂率,60mg/m3和100mg/m3次之;雪花梨贮藏40d后,100mg/m3臭氧处理的品质显著好于对照,而200mg/m3臭氧与对照的变化趋势相近。【结论】适当质量浓度的臭氧气体处理对甜瓜和雪花梨有一定的保鲜效果。 相似文献
114.
甜瓜不同品种叶表皮特性与光合速率的观测 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
对4个甜瓜品种进行叶表皮显微观察、叶绿素含量和光合速率测定,结果显示,甜瓜不同品种间叶表皮气孔、表皮毛数量、叶绿素含量有很大差别。其中气孔平均数量变化范围在519~805个/mm2、表皮毛数量在28.2~62.1个/mm2、统计分析达到极显著差异;叶绿素含量在22.0~39.8 靏/cm2之间;光补偿点品种间变化差异不显著,自然光照条件下3个品种的光合速率变化不明显,但“皇后”的光合速率显著的低于其它3个品种。进一步对气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度测定结果分析认为皇后光合速率低是由于低的气孔导度引起;比较叶绿素含量与光合速率结果表明在正常绿叶品种中二者变化无相关性。 相似文献
115.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 257–263, 2006)
The symptom of blighted leaves was observed for the melon plants grown on an isolated soil bed after steam sterilization (SS) in a greenhouse in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. To clarify the causes of this symptom, soil and plant analyses were conducted in the first experiment. Manganese concentrations in the leaves with the symptom were higher than 1,000 mg kg−1and exchangeable Mn in the soil was higher than 30 mg kg−1, which indicated the observed symptom was due to Mn excess. In the second experiment, formation of Mn oxide-dissolving substances after SS was examined for several organic amendments, because large amounts of palm chips had been supplied to the soil before SS in the first experiment. As a treatment similar to SS, palm chips, bark compost, and cattle feces manure were autoclaved. The water extracts were collected before and after the autoclave treatment and the Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the extracts were evaluated. The Mn oxide-dissolving capacity of the water extracts after SS was remarkably higher than before SS, and the value was highest in palm chips, and followed by bark compost, and cattle feces manure. Fractionation and HPLC analysis of the water extracts after SS revealed that the main substance behind Mn oxide reduction in palm tips was arabinose and that in bark manure was malic acid. Further, Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the water extracts were almost completely explained by the amounts of arabinose or malic acid found in these materials. From these results, it was considered that reducing substances such as arabinose were released by SS from the palm chips which had been applied in large quantity before SS and these reducing substances dissolved the soil Mn oxides and increased the amounts of available Mn, which led to the occurrence of Mn toxicity to the plants. 相似文献
The symptom of blighted leaves was observed for the melon plants grown on an isolated soil bed after steam sterilization (SS) in a greenhouse in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. To clarify the causes of this symptom, soil and plant analyses were conducted in the first experiment. Manganese concentrations in the leaves with the symptom were higher than 1,000 mg kg−1and exchangeable Mn in the soil was higher than 30 mg kg−1, which indicated the observed symptom was due to Mn excess. In the second experiment, formation of Mn oxide-dissolving substances after SS was examined for several organic amendments, because large amounts of palm chips had been supplied to the soil before SS in the first experiment. As a treatment similar to SS, palm chips, bark compost, and cattle feces manure were autoclaved. The water extracts were collected before and after the autoclave treatment and the Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the extracts were evaluated. The Mn oxide-dissolving capacity of the water extracts after SS was remarkably higher than before SS, and the value was highest in palm chips, and followed by bark compost, and cattle feces manure. Fractionation and HPLC analysis of the water extracts after SS revealed that the main substance behind Mn oxide reduction in palm tips was arabinose and that in bark manure was malic acid. Further, Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the water extracts were almost completely explained by the amounts of arabinose or malic acid found in these materials. From these results, it was considered that reducing substances such as arabinose were released by SS from the palm chips which had been applied in large quantity before SS and these reducing substances dissolved the soil Mn oxides and increased the amounts of available Mn, which led to the occurrence of Mn toxicity to the plants. 相似文献
116.
117.
为探究籽瓜种质资源的多样性,深度挖掘籽瓜优异种质应用潜力,采用相关性、主成分与聚类分析方法对100份籽瓜种质资源的21个农艺性状进行表型鉴定及遗传多样性分析。结果表明:籽瓜种质资源遗传多样性丰富,7个质量性状的多样性指数范围为0.53~1.65,14个数量性状变异系数为10.41%~35.56%,各表型性状间具有遗传相关性。以欧氏距离为遗传距离进行聚类分析,可将100份籽瓜种质资源聚为5大类群,其中第Ⅴ类群具有高产特性,可作为育种亲本材料。主成分分析提取前7个主成分,其成分累计贡献率达到了74.185%,可以作为籽瓜种质资源主要评价指标;籽瓜种质资源的综合得分范围为-2.78~2.86,依据综合得分排序,筛选出了3份优异籽瓜种质资源材料。本研究从多角度系统评价籽瓜种质资源遗传多样性,可为后续籽瓜种质资源高效利用及遗传育种提供科学依据。 相似文献
118.
不同生育期咸水灌溉对砂培甜瓜产量和品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用二因素四水平随机区组设计,用不同质量浓度咸水在不同生育时期对温室砂培甜瓜‘优选早蜜’进行灌溉,研究其对甜瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在不同生育时期3 g/L咸水处理对甜瓜产量均无显著影响,在开花坐果期和伸蔓期至果实成熟期,5,7,9 g/L咸水处理的单果重均极显著低于对照,而在果实发育期各咸水处理的单果重均显著低于对照;在甜瓜果实发育期以前,不同浓度咸水处理使甜瓜品质稍有降低,而后期处理则能提高甜瓜果实的品质,其中可溶性蛋白含量的变化不大;伸蔓期至果实成熟期持续咸水处理对甜瓜营养生长有明显的抑制作用,其中对株高的影响表现得尤为突出。 相似文献
119.
以1.5%羧甲基壳聚糖和1.5%海藻酸钠为原料制备2种复合涂膜保鲜剂,对哈密瓜进行涂膜贮藏试验,通过测定哈密瓜的硬度、电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、果胶酶(PG)、纤维素酶以及脂氧合酶(LOX)等指标,分析2种复合涂膜保鲜剂对延缓哈密瓜软化的效果。结果表明:贮藏35 d时海藻酸钠组和羧甲基壳聚糖组的的硬度分别为0.80和0.71 kg/cm~2,MDA含量为别为1.82和4.80 U/mg,PG活性分别为2.61和3.44U/mg,纤维素酶活性分别为3.92和3.83 U/mg,LOX酶含量分别为5.13和5.74 U/mg。2种复合涂膜都能保持较高的果实硬度,降低哈密瓜的电导率,维持较低的PG酶和纤维素酶活性,降低LOX酶活性,抑制哈密瓜果实软化。 相似文献
120.
为了对网纹甜瓜纹理特征进行定量预测,本文结合多个环境因子(基质含水量、温度、湿度、光合有效辐射),使用支持向量机(SVM)与随机森林(RF)多元回归分析方法,对基于灰度共生矩阵提取的4个果实表面纹理特征——对比度(contrast)、熵(entropy)、相关性(correlation)、角二阶矩(ASM)进行了预测。结果表明,纹理特征受环境影响敏感度依次为基质水分、光合有效辐射、空气湿度或有效积温。对比RF模型和SVR模型,发现在不同环境因子输入条件下,RF模型均优于SVM模型,其中输入全部环境因子后RF模型的预测精度最高,对比度、熵、角二阶矩的模拟精度均达到了0.90,分别为R~2=0.945(RMSE=0.243)、R~2=0.940(RMSE=0.235)、R~2=0.934(RMSE=0.248)。上述结果表明,RF模型对于网纹甜瓜纹理特征具有较好的预测结果,本研究结果可为温室网纹甜瓜栽培过程中的质量监控和栽培管理提供全新的思路。 相似文献