早熟厚皮甜瓜新品种‘佳蜜脆’

‘佳蜜脆’是优质早熟厚皮甜瓜杂交一代新品种。植株长势较强,果实近圆形,单瓜质量1.6 kg,果皮黄色,果肉浅橙色,肉质脆,肉厚4.1 cm,中心糖含量13.6%,边糖含量9.1%,折合产量33.5 t · hm-2。适宜在江苏南部地区早春保护地栽培。     

嫁接对铜胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长及内源激素水平的影响

【目的】研究嫁接对铜胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长发育与内源激素水平的影响。【方法】试验以南瓜‘京欣砧3号’为砧木,薄皮甜瓜‘IVF09’为接穗,自根苗为对照,测定不同Cu2+浓度(0,400,800μmol/L)胁迫下甜瓜自根苗和嫁接苗生长指标、激素水平和气孔导度的变化。【结果】在铜胁迫条件下,甜瓜幼苗生长受到抑制、叶片内源激素水平改变,但在同一浓度Cu2+胁迫条件下嫁接苗的生物量大于自根苗。嫁接苗叶片中IAA含量显著高于自根苗,ABA、GA3、ZR含量均显著低于自根苗,其中在800μmol/L Cu2+胁迫下嫁接苗叶片IAA、ZR含量与自根苗的差异最大,为自根苗的1.30和0.77倍,而在400μmol/L Cu2+胁迫下,嫁接苗的ABA、GA3含量与自根苗的差异最大,为自根苗的0.68和0.92倍。嫁接苗叶片的ABA/IAA、ABA/GA3、ABA/ZR值均小于自根苗,且嫁接苗叶片中ABA/IAA和ABA/GA3值变化幅度小于自根苗。铜胁迫下,甜瓜嫁接苗气孔导度(Gs)与ABA/ZR值呈极显著负相关,嫁接苗气孔导度的调节受到了ABA和ABA/ZR值的调控,从而维持了较高的气孔导度,增强了甜瓜对铜胁迫的耐性。【结论】嫁接可通过改变内源激素含量而增强甜瓜幼苗对铜胁迫的耐受性,并且有效维持植物内源激素的平衡,促进甜瓜幼苗正常生长。     

蔬菜残株沼气发酵液对薄皮甜瓜幼苗生长的影响

[目的]分析不同浓度沼气发酵液两种喷施方式对甜瓜幼苗生长发育的影响.[方法]以薄皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo)“京蜜11号”为试材、蔬菜残株为材料制作沼气发酵液,进行喷施和浇灌两种施用方式后,利用测量法观察株高、茎粗、地上部干重和地下部干重的变化.[结果]喷施沼气发酵液可以提高甜瓜幼苗株高和茎粗,促进真叶生长,增加地上部和地下部的干重,以300倍液沼气发酵液表现最明显,株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部的干重比对照分别增加31％、38％、57％,54％;浇灌不同浓度的沼气发酵液,株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部的干重比对照也有不同程度的增加.[结论]整体来看,喷施和浇灌沼气发酵液都能促进甜瓜幼苗生长,且喷施效果优于浇灌且以300倍液沼气发酵液为最优.     

Genetic diversity and population structure of Indian melon (Cucumis melo L.) landraces with special reference to disease and insect resistance loci

This study was aimed to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of Indian melon landraces with special reference to disease and insect resistance loci. Thirty‐six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers along with seven markers at disease and insect resistance loci were used for this purpose on a panel of 91 accessions available at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India. Model‐based structure analysis revealed the presence of four groups that were consistent with the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The delineation of populations was mostly based on geography with improved varieties as a separate group. Ten accessions have been identified to possess beneficial alleles at all the selected disease resistance loci and shall be useful for incorporating multiple disease resistance after phenotypic validation. The results obtained in the current study demonstrate the importance of the Indian melon group as a valuable genetic reservoir and the need to plan strategies for its conservation and utilization in breeding programmes.     

苦瓜白粉病抗性的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析

通过统计苦瓜白粉病的病情指数,研究白粉病抗性的遗传规律。采用主基因+多基因混合遗传分离分析法对抗病品系04-17-3和感病品系25-1杂交组合的P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2共6个世代群体抗白粉病遗传进行研究。结果表明：苦瓜对白粉病的抗性遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型（E-1）,抗病对感病为不完全隐性;2对主基因的加性效应值均为-12.00;2对主基因分别具有正向部分显性和正向超显性作用,加性效应值均大于其显性效应值,上位性效应值（i+jab+jba+l）为负值。从遗传率上看,回交世代和F2的主基因的值分别为55.14％、43.56％和95.22％,多基因的值分别为16.10％、26.57％和0,环境变异在4.78％~29.87％间。主基因和多基因共同决定了苦瓜对白粉病的抗性,以主基因遗传为主,同时还受到环境变异的部分影响。在白粉病抗性育种过程中,应注意利用加性效应,选用白粉病抗性基因较多的材料作为亲本,并在早代进行选择,尤其是F2代主基因选择效率最高。     

甜瓜α–甘露糖苷酶基因促进果实成熟功能的瞬时表达分析

 为了研究α–甘露糖苷酶（α-Man）基因在甜瓜果实成熟过程中的功能,应用农杆菌介导的瞬时表达技术,分别将含有甜瓜α–甘露糖苷酶基因超表达载体pPZP221-Man、两个RNAi载体pART-Man1和pART-Man2的农杆菌菌液注射至甜瓜绿熟期果实,通过观察果实成熟表型初步鉴定该基因的功能。结果表明,菌液浓度OD₆₀₀ = 1.2时果实表型比率最高,在果实蒂部表型居多。α–甘露糖苷酶活性测定结果显示,与非注射部位相比,注射超表达载体部位的组织α–甘露糖苷酶活性较高,而注射RNAi载体的组织α–甘露糖苷酶活性较低。RT-qPCR结果显示,与非注射部位相比,注射pPZP221-Man的部位α-Man基因表达约是对照的1.2倍,而注射pART-Man1和pART-Man2的部位α-Man基因的表达均有所下降,分别是对照的47%和37%。同时对甜瓜果实成熟相关的6个候选基因在注射部位的表达情况进行了分析,结果显示,这些基因在注射超表达载体的果实部位均上调表达;而在注射两种RNAi载体的果实部位均下调表达。这些结果表明甜瓜α–甘露糖苷酶基因在果实成熟过程中具有促进成熟的作用。     

黄瓜与甜瓜的性别决定分子机制研究进展

综述了黄瓜与甜瓜的性别决定基因克隆、性别决定机制的研究进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Long‐term survival of Acidovorax citrulli in citron melon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) seeds

Long‐term survival of Acidovorax citrulli in citron melon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) seeds was investigated. Citron melon seed lots infected with A. citrulli were generated in the field by inoculating either the pistils (stigma) or pericarps (ovary wall) of the female blossoms. Seventeen A. citrulli isolates from 14 different haplotypes belonging to two different groups (group I and II) were used for inoculation. After confirming that 100% of seed lots were infected, they were stored at 4°C and 50% RH for 7 years. After storage, the viability of A. citrulli cells from individual lots was determined by plating macerated seeds on semiselective medium as well as growing seeds for 14 days and scoring for bacterial fruit blotch symptoms. The type of A. citrulli isolate (group I or group II) used did not significantly influence bacterial survival. However, A. citrulli survival was significantly greater in seed lots generated via pistil inoculation (52·9 and 29·4%) than via pericarp inoculation (23·5 and 17·6%). Repetitive extragenic palindrome (rep)‐PCR on A. citrulli isolated from citron melon seed lots after storage displayed similar fingerprinting patterns to those of the reference strains originally used for blossom inoculation, indicating that cross‐contamination did not occur. The results indicate that A. citrulli may survive/overwinter in citron melon seeds for at least 7 years and bacterial survival in seed was influenced more by method of blossom inoculation than by the type of bacterial isolate.     

响应曲面法研究热水处理对哈密瓜采后品质的影响

[目的]采用响应曲面法研究热水处理对哈密瓜采后贮藏品质的影响,筛选适宜哈密瓜热处理的温度及时间,为哈密瓜采后贮藏保鲜提供理论依据.[方法]以哈密瓜(Cucumis meloL ssp.melo Pang)西州蜜25号为试验材料,热水处理温度分别为50、55和60℃,热水处理时间分别为1、3和5min,研究热水处理对采后哈密瓜果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量( SSC)、相对电导率、维生素C(VC)含量、病害指数、好果率及商品率的影响.并以28 d哈密瓜果实病害指数为测定指标,采用miscellaneous响应曲面设计,研究不同温度、时间对哈密瓜果实病害指数的影响,确定最佳组合条件.[结果]热水处理均能在不同程度上延缓哈密瓜果实硬度、SSC、VC含量的下降,抑制相对电导率及病害指数的上升,保持哈密瓜果实的好果率及商品率.其中以55℃、3 min,55℃、5 min及60℃、3min处理较适宜.[结论]热水处理最佳条件为:55℃、3min,其在贮藏第16 d果实硬度、SSC、VC含量分别较对照高50.2;、36.8;和14.5;,相对电导率较对照低15.5;;贮藏第28 d果实病害指数较对照低55.0;;贮藏第20d好果率及商品率分别较对照高200.0;、42.9;.     

苦瓜核糖体失活蛋白MAP30的原核表达与抗体制备

苦瓜核糖体失活蛋白MAP30(Momordica charantia antiviral protein 30)是苦瓜中一种具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗菌等多种生物活性的蛋白质.将舍有重组表达质粒pET-28(a)-MAP30的大肠杆菌BL21进行诱导表达获得了重组蛋白MAP30,对IPTG(异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷)诱导浓度、诱导时间表达条件的分析表明,工程菌经0.2mmol·L~(-1) IPTG诱导6 h实现高效可溶性表达.利用镍离子鏊合亲和层析对重组蛋白纯化,当洗脱液中咪唑的浓度为100 mmol·L~(-1)时,目的蛋白被洗脱的效果最好.将纯化后的重组蛋白免疫家兔,获得了特异性的多克隆抗血清.