福建决明属植物种子的蒽醌类物质比较

应用紫外可见分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定福建8种决明属植物种子生品蒽醌类物质的含量,并对决明子药材评价指标进行初步分析.结果表明:不同决明属植物种蒽醌类物质总含量及组成有明显不同,钝叶决明的橙黄决明素、大黄酸含量最高,分别为1.383,0.557 mg·g-1;决明的大黄酚含量最高,为0.902mg· g-1;双荚决明和望江南的大黄素甲醚含量较高,分别为1.850、1.310 mg·g-1.翅荚决明、羽叶决明、圆叶决明均未检出橙黄决明素,大黄酸、大黄素,大黄酚、大黄素甲醚.随着植物种的变化,决明属植物种子的大黄素甲醚变异系数最高为0.302,橙黄决明素变异系数次高为0.278.大黄酸与大黄酚、橙黄决明素的相关系数分别为o.809,o.749.     

四大药用菊花功能成分的比较研究

为了比较4种药用菊花的品质特征,采用比色法测定总黄酮含量,HPLC测定绿原酸含量,GC-MS分析挥发油的成分.结果表明,贡菊、滁菊、亳菊和杭菊中总黄酮的含量分别为5.608%、4.619%、4.372%和3.017%;绿原酸含量分别为0.345%、0.207%、0.337%和0.131%;挥发油总量分别为0.243%、0.524%、0.388%和0.212%;GC-MS分离鉴定出的化合物中贡菊有18种,滁菊有46种,亳菊有35种,杭菊有6种.可见贡菊的主要功能成分较其他3种菊花含量高,并且具有较好的香气品质,认为贡菊可能不仅更适合药用,同时适于作为饮料、功能和保健食品的原料.     

不同倍性菘蓝林下光合特性及种植研究

为了研究菘蓝林下种植是否可以提高土地利用率和板蓝根药材的产出。以四倍体和二倍体菘蓝为试材,在不同郁闭度林下进行了一个完整生长周期的种植和研究：郁闭度在0.3以下为轻度郁闭(C1),郁闭度在0.3~0.6为中度郁闭(C2),郁闭度在0.6以上为重度郁闭(C3),以大田露地栽培为对照(C0)。结果表明：菘蓝属于阳生植物,但对光的适应范围较宽,可适应30%郁闭以上的弱光环境。四倍体菘蓝光合能力强于二倍体菘蓝,但二倍体菘蓝更能适应弱光环境,更适合中度以上郁闭林地进行种植。在生产中,30%以下郁闭林地种植四倍体菘蓝,可获得较高效益,郁闭度30%以上林地,应选择二倍体菘蓝种植。     

广西大王岭自然保护区药用蕨类植物资源调查与分析

2007年7月起对广西大王岭自然保护区药用蕨类植物的种类组成和药用状况等方面进行了初步调查研究。结果表明,该保护区有药用蕨类植物29科61属113种,绝大多数以全草入药。大王岭自然保护区药用蕨类资源丰富,但已被开发利用的只是极少一部分,绝大多数种类有待于进一步研究和开发利用。     

中药材中农药残留现状及标准体系建设研究进展

药用植物凭借其独特、显著的疗效而被作为中医药治疗的主要原材料,然而因其种植及加工过程不规范造成农药残留问题突出。本文对我国中药材中农药残留现状及检测方法的研究进展进行了分析和总结,并对比了不同地区和国家有关农药残留限量标准体系建设情况,提出了我国中药材中农药残留标准体系建设的建议,以期加快我国药用植物农药登记和限量标准制修订,提升中药材质量安全,促进中药产业发展。     

北京八达岭林场野生药用植物多样性特征分析

【目的】调查八达岭林场野生药用植物资源现状,为野生药用植物的保护和利用提供理论依据。【方法】采取路线调查和重点区域取样调查相结合的方法,并通过走访和查阅文献等,对八达岭地区野生药用植物多样性进行分析。【结果】野生药用植物共有69科184属260种,其中蕨类植物3科3属4种,裸子植物2科3属8种,被子植物64科178属248种。在生活型多样性上,草本药用植物共有202种,占药用植物总种数的77.69%,木本药用植物共有58种,占药用植物总种数的22.31%。含2~5个种的科有35个,占有绝对优势,占总科数的50.72%,共有95种,占药用植物总种数的36.54%;含有1个种的属占有明显的优势,占总属数的73.37%,所含种数是135种,占药用植物总种数的51.92%。全草类、根及根茎类药用植物最多,分别占药用植物总种数的40.00%和33.85%,是八达岭地区药用植物主要药用部位。药用植物在阔叶林中的种类比在针叶林中多,大部分植被类型中,以草本层药用植物种类居多,而元宝槭纯林中则以灌木层药用植物居多。【结论】八达岭林场野生药用植物种类较多,药用功能丰富,在不同植被类型下呈多样性分布。     

In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Edible Brown Seaweed,Sargassum fulvellum

In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum fulvellum (SFPS) were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish. The results indicated that SFPS improved the viability of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages from 80.02 to 86.80, 90.09, and 94.62% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. Also, SFPS remarkably and concentration-dependently decreased the production levels of inflammatory molecules including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E₂, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, SFPS significantly inhibited the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the in vivo test results indicated that SFPS improved the survival rate of LPS-treated zebrafish from 53.33 to 56.67, 60.00, and 70.00% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, SFPS effectively reduced cell death, reactive oxygen species, and NO levels in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Taken together, these results suggested that SFPS possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, and could be used as an ingredient to develop anti-inflammatory agents in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.     

Effect of seaweed sap as foliar spray on growth and yield of hybrid maize

Seaweeds are important marine renewable resources. Use of seaweeds as fertilizers has allowed for substitution in place of conventional synthetic fertilizers. This study was conducted to examine the effect of seaweed liquid extract (SLE) on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake by hybrid maize. The experiments were conducted in ZARS, Vishweshwaraiah Canal farm, Mandya (Karnataka, India) during the rabi season of 2011–2013 to study the effect of foliar applications of Kappaphycus alvarezii (K sap) and Gracilaria edulis (G sap) sap on growth and yield response of hybrid maize “NAH 1137”. Three foliar sprays of both saps were applied at the rate of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, and 15.0% (v/v) along with water spray as a control at different stages of the crop. It was found that grain yield increased significantly by 18.54% and 26.04% for plants receiving 10% concentrations of both K. alvarezii and G. edulis sap respectively, over control. The increase in yield was attributed to increase in the number of rows in cob, cob length, and 100 grain weight. This investigation concludes that application of both the saps at 10% increased the nutrient uptake, grain, and stover yield over control.     

室内三种富营养模拟条件下水流调控对羊栖菜和石莼生长及生物质合成的影响

大型海藻养殖是一种低成本、高效、环保的水体富营养化生物修复方法,而水流则是影响大型海藻生长的一个重要因素。研究结果表明,水流交换率为200 vol·d^-1时,羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)比生长率最高达(4.34±0.11) %·d^-1,而水流交换率为100 vol·d^-1、中高浓度营养盐条件下石莼(Ulva pertusa)比生长率最大值分别可达(6.31±1.42) %·d^-1、(8.00±0.79) %·d^-1,营养盐浓度决定了两种大型海藻的生长率,石莼更适宜在高营养盐环境中生长。石莼体内叶绿素a、可溶性蛋白和可溶性碳水化合物在不同应用情境间均存在明显差异,而羊栖菜体内仅可溶性蛋白表现出明显变化。水流交换的增强明显改变了石莼的生长和羊栖菜可溶性碳水化合物含量。陆基中试实验表明,与低水流速度相比,中、高流速条件下羊栖菜的比生长率分别增加80%、14%,石莼则分别增加41.3%、33.3%。     

初探喀左县林下中药材建设

为深入实施乡村振兴战略,喀左县不断加大林业产业结构,坚持生态优先、绿色发展理念,充分合理利用林地空间资源优势,着力打造林下中药材强林兴业,提质增效助农增收。喀左县全县现有林业用地面积13.1万hm2,森林覆盖率为42.4%,现有林下野生中药材封育1.5万hm2,人工林下种植0.4万hm2,而且每年以400 hm2左右递增,实现林农人均年增收1500元。随着产业扶贫的不断深入,林下中药材在林业精准扶贫过程中起到了积极作用。