广东韶关国家森林公园药用植物资源分析

通过植物资源野外调查、标本采集和鉴定,对广东韶关国家森林公园药用植物资源进行了统 计分析。结果表明,广东韶关国家森林公园共有药用植物 507 种,隶属 122 科 343 属;其中蕨类药用植 物 18 科 21 属 30 种,裸子植物 1 科 1 属 1 种,被子植物 103 科 321 属 476 种;全草类、性凉类和清热类 分别在按用药部位、药性和功效分类中种数占比最高;整理了当地常见药用植物名录,并对该园野生药 用植物资源的保护和利用提出了建议,如建立野生药用植物数据库、建立小药园或开发相关旅游产品等。     

镉在海藻中的化学形态

利用化学试剂逐步提取法研究了紫菜、海带、裙带菜和羊栖菜中镉的存在化学形态。研究结果表明:镉以多种化学形态存在于4种海藻中,1 mol/L氯化钠提取态镉和 2% 醋酸提取态的镉所占比例较大,两者约占总镉含量的76.3%～92.9%。0.6 mol/L盐酸提取态、去离子水提取态和80%乙醇提取态镉所占比例较小,其中乙醇提取态(离子态镉)约仅占总镉含量的0.4%～9.2%,且对于4种海藻,紫菜中的离子态镉所占比例最低(均小于1%)。实验进一步证实以海藻中总镉含量作为检测标准不能准确反映海藻及其制品的食用安全性,因此亟需建立海藻中针对毒性较强的离子态镉的检测标准限量和快速有效的检测方法,以保障我国海藻产业和出口创汇经济的顺利发展。     

近红外光谱法鉴别6种根茎类中药材

为建立山豆根、百两金、千斤拔、北豆根、滇豆根、云南豇豆等6种易混淆根茎类中药材的快速鉴别方法,利用近红外漫反射光谱分别采集其在900~1 700 nm内的光谱信息,结合主成分分析、系统聚类分析、K近邻法、线性判别分析建立定性判别模型。结果显示,6种药材在主成分分析及系统聚类分析中表现出了明显的分类聚集特征,K近邻法和线性判别分析对46个药材盲样的鉴别准确率分别达到了93.48%和95.65%。结果表明,近红外漫反射光谱结合模式识别方法可用于根茎类中药材的定性鉴别。     

贻贝浮筏养殖设施水动力效应及附生海藻碎屑输运的数值模拟

基于三维海洋数值模式(estuarine coastal ocean model, semi-implicit, Ecom-si)对枸杞岛邻近贻贝养殖海域的水动力进行了数值模拟研究。通过在模型动量方程中添加动量损耗项,实现了对贻贝浮筏养殖设施阻流效应的模拟,采用实测数据对模型进行了潮位及流速的验证。利用验证良好的数值模型模拟了潮流驱动下养殖设施附生海藻碎屑漂移及沉降。结果表明,贻贝养殖设施及养殖贝串在海表的阻流效应使表层流速降低了约80%,中、下层流速分别降低了约50%和30%,在养殖海域外围因过流面的减小使得养殖场外围的流速有所增大。应用拉格朗日质点追踪模块模拟的结果表明,当碎屑质点处于悬浮状态即质点沉降速率(w)为0 m/s时,质点需要约600 h才能达到36.79%(e^-1)的沉底率;且无阻流效应时,沉底质点的分布在距养殖区中心9.0～10.5 km的区域内,有阻流效应时,质点的沉底范围分布在距养殖区中心7.5～8.5 km的区域内。当w大于0 m/s时,3种碎屑沉降速度的结果差异不大,大约在80 h内质点的沉底率达到99%,无阻流效应时质点沉降区域为距养殖...     

湖北省道地药材产业发展现状及展望

2021年,湖北省委省政府将道地药材列入农业10个主导产业链之一大力发展,湖北省道地药材产业迎来新的发展机遇。本文从产业基础、产业实力和产业融合三个方面概述了湖北省道地药材产业发展现状,指出了湖北道地药材政策机遇利好、历史文化资源丰富、优势区域布局形成、重点品种优势突出和社会效益明显等五大产业优势,以及发展质量不高、龙头拉动不强、道地品牌不够、科技政策不力、产品研发不足和三产融合不够等六大短板问题,提出了推动湖北省道地药材产业高质量发展的思路、目标和发展措施。     

铁棒锤的研究进展

铁棒锤为陕、甘、宁等地应用较广的具有活血祛瘀、祛风湿的一种民间草药,是毛茛科乌头属植物铁棒锤和伏毛铁棒锤的块根,含有乌头碱等生物碱,其中,乌头碱类生物碱既是药用成分,又是毒性成分.目前,铁棒锤已从自采自用上升为大宗商品药材,野生资源日趋减少.全文阐述了铁棒锤的生物学特性、显微特征、化学成分和药理等方面的研究现状,以期为铁棒锤的开发利用和人工种植提供参考.     

5种中草药提取物对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌效果(摘要)(英文)

[目的]研究5种中草药提取物对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的体外抑菌效果。[方法]以鱼类常见病原菌嗜水气单胞菌为供试菌,测定了5种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌作用,并测定了其中效果较好的中草药的治愈率,确定了其最佳用药剂量。[结果]在相同试验条件下,5种中草药中五倍子(Rhuschinensis Mill)、石榴皮(Punica granatum L.)和诃子(Terminalia chebula Retz)对嗜水气单胞菌有较强的抑菌效果,其中五倍子抑菌效果显著高于其他几种中草药(P0.05)。五倍子治疗由嗜水气单胞菌引起的细菌性败血症的最佳治疗剂量为:0.5mg/ml五倍子药液药浴40min,治愈率为100%。[结论]该研究为鱼类暴发性细菌病的防治提供了科学的用药依据。     

广东东源康禾省级自然保护区野生药用植物资源调查

广东东源康禾省级自然保护区有药用植物175科520属801种,种数占保护区维管植物总种数的78.3%,即超过3/4的种类为药用植物,种类非常丰富。其中蕨类植物31科61种,裸子植物3科3属3种,被子植物141科470属737种,双子叶植物比例优势明显。在这些药用植物中,菊科、草本类、全草(全株)类、清热类、平性类、苦味类分别在种类数量、生活型、药用部分、药性、药味中占优势。文章分析了广东东源康禾省级自然保护区野生药用植物资源的特点和用途,并就如何使保护区的药用植物资源更好地得到保护和利用提出了相关建议。     

Effect of a seaweed mixture on serum lipid level and platelet aggregation in rats

ABSTRACT:   To assess the effect of a seaweed mixture on lipid levels in serum as well as platelet aggregation in rats, Eisenia bicyclis ('Arame'), Hizikia fusiformis ('Hijiki') and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls ('Mekabu'), all brown seaweeds, and Porphyra yezoensis ('Susabinori'), a red seaweed, were powdered and mixed in a ratio of 45:30:20:5 (w/w). When rats were fed a cholesterol-rich diet containing this mixture of seaweeds (9–10% w/w) for 28 days, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, and triglyceride levels declined significantly to 49.7%, 48.1%, 49.0% and 74.8%, respectively, of those of the control. Serum HDL-cholesterol, however, was unchanged. Though activated partial thromboplatin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin III activity, and fibrinogen levels in plasma were unchanged, the maximal ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation decreased significantly to 89.0% and 85.5% control levels, respectively. These results indicate that this mixture of E. bicyclis , H. fusiformis , U. pinnatifida sporophylls, and P. yezoensis , is useful for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and thrombosis in rats.     

A partial substitution of microalgae with single cell detritus produced from seaweed (Porphyra haitanensis) for the nursery culture of tropical oyster (Crassostrea belcheri)

Oyster seed production in hatchery and nursery systems has relied on the production of microalgae, which is cost effective, but often unpredictable. The development of a satisfactory substitute diet would greatly reduce production costs of hatchery operations. Single cell detritus (SCD) production from seaweed (Porphyra haitanensis) may have great potential as a partial substitute for microalgae. In this experiment, a technique for producing SCD was developed and the product was used as a partial substitute for microalgae for the nursery culture of juvenile tropical oysters (Crassostrea belcheri) in a hatchery setting. A reverse osmosis technique was used on ground seaweed (particle size <200 μm) immersed in freshwater and placed on a shaker at 100 rpm for 2 h before being returned to seawater. This technique was shown to be highly effective for SCD production with a density of 33.7 ± 7.0 × 10⁴ cell mL^?1 and the percentage of SCD particle diameter <20 μm was 89.2%. A partial replacement of microalgae with SCD was found to be unsuitable for nursing oyster larvae. For juvenile oysters (shell width 1.85 ± 0.03 mm and shell length 1.78 ± 0.06 mm) substituting 75% of microalgae with SCD showed lower absolute shell growth, and lower daily yields and survival rates when compared to rates substituting 50% or lower substitution with SCD, or 100% microalgae (P < 0.05). It was found that substituting 50% of the traditional microalgae with SCD produced from seaweed (P. haitanensis) can be used as a partial microalgae substitute for the nursery culture of the juvenile tropical oyster.