脑心肌炎病毒及其蛋白结构和功能研究进展

脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)是一种重要的人畜共患病病原,高危感染动物是猪,自然宿主是啮齿动物,人也可以感染这种病毒。也有研究报道,病毒可分解为前体蛋白P1、P2、P 3和L蛋白,最终切割成11个蛋白终产物,其中VP1蛋白存在主要抗原表位,具有良好的中和作用。目前尚不能阐明病毒感染后的发病机制,宿主感染病毒的影响因素等。因此,对病毒特性进行的研究有助于对该病的预防及控制,对病毒基因组及它所编码蛋白的结构与功能的研究对新型疫苗及动物机体的抗感染免疫机制的研究有重要的生物学作用。论文综述了脑心肌炎病毒基因组结构及其编码蛋白的结构和功能。     

Reproductive seasonality in the mare: neuroendocrine basis and pharmacologic control

Reproductive seasonality in the mare is characterized by a marked decline in adenohypophyseal synthesis and secretion of LH beginning near the autumnal equinox. Thus, ovarian cycles have ceased in most mares by the time of the winter solstice. Endogenous reproductive rhythms in seasonal species are entrained or synchronized as a result of periodic environmental cues. In the horse, this cue is primarily day length. Hence, supplemental lighting schemes have been used managerially for decades to modify the annual timing of reproduction in the mare. Although a full characterization of the cellular and molecular bases of seasonal rhythms has not been realized in any species, many of their synaptic and humoral signaling pathways have been defined. In the mare, neuroendocrine-related studies have focused primarily on the roles of GnRH and interneuronal signaling pathways that subserve the GnRH system in the regulatory cascade. Recent studies have considered the role of a newly discovered neuropeptide, RF-related peptide 3 that could function to inhibit GnRH secretion or gonadotrope responsiveness. Although results that used native peptide sequences have been negative in the mare and mixed in all mammalian females, new studies that used an RFRP3 antagonist (RF9) in sheep are encouraging. Importantly, despite continuing deficits in some fundamental areas, the knowledge required to control seasonal anovulation pharmacologically has been available for >20 yr. Specifically, the continuous infusion of native GnRH is both reliable and efficient for accelerating reproductive transition and is uniquely applicable to the horse. However, its practical exploitation continues to await the development of a commercially acceptable delivery vehicle.     

Effect of several supplemental Chinese herbs additives on rumen fermentation, antioxidant function and nutrient digestibility in sheep

Two experiments were carried out in this study. Experiment 1 was conducted to examine the effects of several supplemental Chinese herbs on antioxidant function and slaughtered body weight in sheep. Results indicated that Fructus Ligustri Lucidi supplementation improved the blood antioxidant function [higher concentration of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase and lower concentration of malondialdehyde] and slaughtered body weight in sheep (p < 0.05). Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate the effect of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract (FLLE) on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility in sheep. Four levels of FLLE treatments, i.e. 0, 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg dry matter (DM), were used in this part. Addition of FLLE at 300 or 500 mg/kg DM increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and propionate proportion, decreased ammonia-N concentration in the ruminal fluid, reduced blood urea nitrogen concentration at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after morning feeding (p < 0.05). Addition of FLLE at all dosages had no effect on ruminal pH value and acetate concentration at all sampling time points in sheep (p > 0.05). Dynamic degradation coefficient c of maize DM was significantly increased by supplementing FLLE at 300 or 500 mg/kg DM (p < 0.05). Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract addition had no effect on degradation coefficients a, b, c of DM and nitrogen of soybean meal; a, b of maize DM; a, b, c of maize nitrogen; and a, b, c of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) of Chinese wildrye (p > 0.05). Addition of FLLE at 300 or 500 mg/kg DM increased DM and organic matter digestibility of diet (p < 0.05). Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract addition had no effect on digestibility of diet's NDF, ADF and crude protein (p > 0.05). From the aforementioned results, it is indicated that FLLE improved antioxidant status and slaughtered body weight. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract addition has capability to modulate rumen fermentation, increase the maize degradation rate, total volatile fatty acid concentration and propionate proportion in sheep.     

玉米干酒糟及其可溶物饲粮中添加共轭亚油酸或甜菜碱对肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究在玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)饲粮中添加共轭亚油酸(CLA)或甜菜碱(BET)对肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化功能的影响。选用(60±2)kg"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪32头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮;Ⅱ组在Ⅰ组的基础上用30%的玉米DDGS替代豆粕和部分玉米;Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在Ⅱ组的基础上分别添加1%的CLA和0.1%的BET。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)各组间生长性能差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)血清生化指标方面,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组总蛋白(TP)含量以及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅳ组胆固醇(CHO)含量显著下降(P<0.05)。与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅳ组葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。3)血清抗氧化指标方面,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ组MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著升高(P<0.05);Ⅳ组T-SOD以及GSH-Px活性显著升高(P<0.05)。4)肌肉抗氧化指标方面,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组MDA含量显著下降(P<0.05),同时T-AOC显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,在肥育猪饲粮中添加30%的玉米DDGS对其生长性能无显著影响,但机体抗氧化能力有所降低;而在玉米DDGS饲粮中添加1%的CLA或0.1%的BET后,机体抗氧化能力在一定程度上得到了改善。     

陈玉米饲粮中添加茶多酚、维生素E和二丁基羟基甲苯对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究陈玉米饲粮中添加茶多酚(TP)、维生素E和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响。选取1日龄雄性北京鸭192只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只。以储存3年玉米作为能量原料,Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮(不添加饲料抗氧化剂),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加120 mg/kg TP、维生素E和BHT的试验饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,TP能显著提高22~42日龄肉鸭平均日增重(P0.05),维生素E能显著提高1~21日龄和22~42日龄肉鸭平均日增重(P0.05),BHT对肉鸭生长性能无显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,TP能显著提高21和42日龄血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及42日龄血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P0.05),维生素E能显著提高42日龄血清CAT活性(P0.05);BHT能显著提高21日龄血清T-AOC以及21和42日龄血清CAT活性(P0.05)。由此可见,陈玉米饲粮中添加TP和维生素E对肉鸭生长性能以及抗氧化功能均有不同程度的改善,而BHT只改善了肉鸭的抗氧化功能。陈玉米饲粮中添加TP效果最好。     

Ethnoveterinary Medicine in the Northern Provinces of Cameroon

Veterinary Research Communications -     

PTD-FNK蛋白对雄性小鼠生理功能的影响

[目的] 探究PTD-FNK蛋白对雄性小鼠生理功能的影响。[方法] 将16只8周龄健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组（n=8）和PTD-FNK蛋白组（n=8）,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,PTD-FNK蛋白组腹腔注射300 μg/（kg·BW）PTD-FNK蛋白,每天腹腔注射给药1次,连续给药7 d;给药期间每天记录小鼠的体重、体温、血糖、采食量、饮水量,计算试验期间总采食量、总饮水量、体增重;于试验第1天和最后1天测量鼻肛距,计算试验前后Lee's指数;试验结束立即处死小鼠,称量心脏、肾脏、肝脏、脾脏和睾丸重量,计算脏器指数;分离小鼠附睾,制备精子悬液,测定精子活力和质膜完整率;利用qPCR法检测睾丸组织中细胞凋亡相关基因Bax和Caspase-3、氧化应激相关基因SOD和GPX1、内分泌相关基因STAR、17β-HSD的mRNA相对表达量。[结果] 与对照组相比,PTD-FNK蛋白组小鼠总采食量极显著（P<0.001）下降,总饮水量显著（P<0.05）下降;Lee's指数、体温、体重、血糖无显著（P>0.05）变化。肝脏指数显著（P<0.05）下降,其他脏器指数无显著（P>0.05）变化。精子活力极显著（P<0.01）升高,精子质膜完整率无显著（P>0.05）变化。睾丸组织中Bax基因mRNA相对表达量极显著（P<0.01）升高,Caspase-3基因mRNA相对表达量无显著（P>0.05）变化,SOD基因mRNA相对表达量极显著（P<0.01）升高,GPX1基因mRNA相对表达量无显著（P>0.05）变化,17β-HSD、STAR基因的mRNA相对表达量无显著（P>0.05）变化。[结论] PTD-FNK蛋白可以抑制雄性小鼠的采食、饮水及肝脏的生长发育,提高小鼠的精子质量。     

铬的生物学作用及其在畜禽生产中的应用

本文叙述了铬的研究历史,铬的分类、不同类型的铬在动物及人体内的吸收情况,铬的代谢分布情况;重点阐述了铬的生物学作用、铬对畜禽生产性能的影响及铬对动物免疫、应激功能的影响,最后对铬的未来研究作了展望。     

玉簪抗旱性隶属函数及主成分分析

为利用我国丰富的玉簪属(Hosta)种质资源,给园林绿化提供优良抗旱的玉簪属植物品种,应用隶属函数及主成分分析法对5个优良玉簪品种的抗旱性进行了评价.结果表明:7个存在一定相关关系的抗旱指标通过隶属函数结合主成分分析归纳成伤害程度因子、抗旱能力因子、水分状况因子3个主成分;5个玉簪属植物种质资源的抗旱性顺序由强到弱依次为:金冠玉簪>白花玉簪>花叶玉簪>紫萼玉簪>绿叶玉簪;综合聚类分析,金冠玉簪、白花玉簪抗旱性较强,可供将来在缺水地区生产实践中参考使用,以解决园林建设和水资源有限两者之间的矛盾.