山西省林业生态建设实践的启示——中共国家林业局党校第38期党员领导干部进修班赴山西省教学考察调研报告

近年来,山西省林业生态建设取得了非常显著的成效。而且,积累了许多宝贵的经验。根据山西省林业建设积累的成功经验和反映出来的问题,结合当前和今后一段时期我国林业建设实际,建议：抓紧编制实施《全国森林抚育经营实施方案（2011—2020年）》;每年在一个省召开一次全国造林绿化现场会;设立右玉林业发展科研专项;调整管理思路,转变管理手段;加大林业生态建设投入力度。     

State Forest Administration and Management System Reform in Austria and Germany and Experiences for China Reference

Austria and Germany,the two forest developed countries,have drawn a lot of experiences in forest management.This article summarizes the successful experiences of forest management reform in those two counties and puts forward policy recommendations on forest management reform in China.     

Re‐evaluation of the regulation of omeprazole in racehorses: An evidence‐based approach

Medication control and doping control have been established in horse racing to ensure the integrity of the sport and the welfare of the horses. This ensures that horses do not compete under the influence of any drugs, including omeprazole, a therapeutic medication used to treat equine gastric ulcer syndrome. In this study, pharmacokinetic data were produced in equine plasma and urine following an oral administration of 4 mg/kg of generic buffered formulation of omeprazole to six Thoroughbred horses in five daily doses to determine an appropriate screening limit and detection time in equine plasma and to assess whether the current detection time of 72 hr in equine urine would be applicable when an alternative omeprazole product is administered. C _max of 436–2,432 ng/ml and AUC _0–tau of 1,476–4,371 ng hr ml^?1 were obtained for plasma and indicated, in conjunction with other published oral omeprazole studies, that an appropriate plasma screening limit would be 500 pg/ml with a detection time of 48 hr. Urine analysis showed that omeprazole could be detected for up to 25 hr above the previously established urine screening limit of 500 pg/ml and thus indicated that the detection time advice could be potentially reduced from 72 to 48 hr to allow more comprehensive treatment of gastric lesions.     

借鉴以色列节水经验发展我国节水农业

介绍了以色列在农业节水方面的若干基本经验,并就如何根据我国国情应用其经验,以及总结我国自身经验对发展节水农业问题进行了讨论.     

基于中医传承辅助系统的张涤教授治疗小儿外感发热组方用药经验挖掘

目的 分析挖掘张涤教授治疗小儿外感发热的组方用药经验与规律。方法 采用中医传承辅助系统（V2.5）,对张涤教授门诊的小儿外感发热处方进行频数统计、关联规则分析、改进的互信息法、复杂系统熵聚类等数据挖掘。结果 180首小儿外感发热处方用药49味,以解表药、清热药、化痰止咳平喘药为主,多入肺胃二经,常用的药物组合为“芦根、荆芥”、“芦根、生石膏”、“生石膏、荆芥”,“芦根、生石膏、荆芥”,“芦根、淡竹叶”。结论 张涤教授治疗小儿外感发热立足解表清里原则、重在清透肺热、清热生津,遣方用药结合湖南气候湿热的特点。     

The effect of pre-anaesthetic medication on the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during halothane anaesthesia in cats

Objective To compare the incidence of arrhythmias in cats receiving either acepromazine or diazepam for pre-anaesthetic medication prior to halothane anaesthesia.
Study design A blinded, randomized clinical study.
Animals Forty-six healthy cats undergoing surgery.
Methods Animals were allocated to one of two groups for pre-anaesthetic medication. Group 1 received diazepam (0.2 mg kg⁻¹). Group 2 received acepromazine (0.02 mg kg⁻¹). The trial drug was administered intramuscularly in combination with buprenorphine (0.01 mg kg⁻¹) 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia with propofol (approximately 5 mg kg⁻¹). Anaesthesia was maintained using halothane: delivered concentration was 1–2% carried in oxygen and nitrous oxide via an endotracheal tube attached to an Ayre's T-piece (with Jackson-Rees modification) breathing system. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was determined by continuously monitoring the electrocardiogram from the time of induction until recovery occurred. Demographical group characteristics were compared using analysis of variance. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was compared by the Chi squared test. Statistical significance was set at the 5% level.
Results The two groups were similar in weight, age, length and type of procedure undertaken. The incidence of arrhythmias was the same in each group (3/23 cases) ( p = 1.0).
Conclusions The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in this study did not appear to be influenced by the nature of pre-anaesthetic medication.
Clinical relevance The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias under halothane anaesthesia was 13% in this study. Acepromazine did not appear to exert an anti-arrhythmic effect. This may not be the case in a larger scale study.     

巴西人工林集约经营和管理考察报告

巴西现有人工林６００万ｈｍ＾２，约３０％的木材取自人工林。总结其生产经验，主要有：（１）根据国同外市场需求，实行定向培育；（２）企业可以自主告自主采伐，自主加工利用，自主进出口贸易，实行林工商一体 化的经营体制；（３）十分重视科技投入和科技进步，提高林地生产力，降低生产成本；（４）注重环境保护工作。     

How to extrapolate a withdrawal time from an EHSLC published detection time: A Monte Carlo simulation appraisal

Reason for performing study: For legitimate medications, veterinarians must advise the owners or trainers of horses on appropriate withholding times after a treatment, to avoid the risk of incurring a positive drug test. Objective: To explore the safety span to select that a veterinarian may extrapolate a tailored withdrawal time (WT) from a generic detection time (DT) as published by the European Horserace Scientific Liaison Committee (EHSLC). Methods: Using Monte Carlo simulations, it was shown that for a low variability of pharmacokinetic parameters (CV = 20%), an uncertainty span of about 40% may be selected to transform a mean DT into a WT (i.e. WT = 1.4 DT), which covers 90% of the horse population. In contrast for a highly variable drug (CV = 40%), an uncertainty factor of about 2.1–2.2 needs to be selected, i.e. a WT that is twice the DT. Results: The relative impact of the different factors of variability on the final WT was documented by a so‐called sensitivity analysis. It was shown that the parameters that have the greatest influence on the value of a DT are those that control the terminal half‐life of the drug disposition. In contrast, parameters controlling the level of urine (or plasma) concentrations (i.e. the actual administered dose, the urine‐to‐plasma ratio and the bioavailability) collectively have a minimal influence on the DT. Conclusions and potential relevance: In practice, this means that the main sources of uncertainty are of biological origin and cannot be reduced by any managerial options. The influence of the number of experimental horses that are used by EHSLC to establish a DT was shown that with the standard EHLSC protocol of 6 horses, half of the trials lead to a proposed DT that is equal to or higher than the population 90^th percentile. Increasing the number of investigated horses to 8 and 10 would increase this last probability to 85 and 90%, respectively.     

物业管理应注重业主体验

从业主角度研究物业管理应注重业主体验,认为物业管理注重业主体验可采取的措施有：围绕业主体验进行战略规划、培训员工、建立信息系统、根据业主体验进行日常工作、有效运用体验环境和合理利用体验工具。     

基于数据挖掘探索中药外用治疗手足综合征的用药规律

目的 整理总结治疗化疗副作用手足综合征中药外用方剂的用药规律,对手足综合征中药辨证进行分析。方法 筛选基于PubMed数据库、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）收录的中药外治法治疗手足综合征的临床研究文献,对符合纳入标准的中药处方进行统计,采用频次分析、关联规则分析等数据挖掘方法进行用药规律分析。结果 共筛选55个外用中药治疗手足综合征的处方,涉及中药105味,总共出现频次497次。频数最高的药物为红花和桂枝（34次）;药物功效使用频率最高的前5类为活血调经药、发散风寒药、清热凉血药、补气药、补血药;关联分析显示：二连规则前3名为：桂枝→白芍,桂枝→鸡血藤,红花→桃仁;三连规则常用的药物组合为当归、黄芪、桂枝,四连规则支持度最高为当归→黄芪+桂枝+红花。结论 本病病机为气血虚弱、营卫失和,日久可发展为淤血痹阻、热毒内蕴,外治法中药多用活血通络、温阳解表、清热凉血兼补益气血为主。