Analysis of the seed dispersal patterns of wild soybean as a reference for vegetation management around genetically modified soybean fields

There are concerns that genetically modified soybean might threaten the genetic diversity of the wild soybean populations that are distributed in East Asia because genetically modified soybean has no crossing barrier with wild soybean. A simple and effective method to prevent hybridization via pollen flow is spatial separation between the two species because their hybridization occurs only when they grow in close proximity. Therefore, the invasiveness of wild soybean needs to be known in order to secure the appropriate distances. As wild soybean seeds are dispersed mechanically by pod dehiscence, an experiment was conducted in which white sheets were placed on the ground, concentric circles were drawn around the parent plants, and the number of dispersed seeds within each 0.5 m‐wide zone were counted. About 40% of the produced seeds were dispersed and the number of dispersed seeds gradually declined as the distance from the parent plants increased. The model that explained the relationship between the number and distance of the dispersed seeds was produced by using a generalized linear model procedure. More than 95, 99, and 99.9% of the produced seeds stayed within 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 m after natural pod dehiscence. Knowing these values is useful for evaluating the level of invasive risk by mechanical seed dispersal. The goal of the work is to efficiently and deliberately prevent hybridization by isolating genetically modified soybean fields and wild soybean populations by vegetation management, including weeding and setting up specific‐width buffer zones.     

基于生态承载力的黄土高原地区城镇体系空间结构演化——以庆阳市为例

庆阳市位于黄土高原中部丘陵沟壑区,气候干旱,生态脆弱。运用生态承载力、城镇体系相关理论和方法,分析研究区城镇体系空间结构演化特点及趋势。采用生态弹性度、资源承载力和承载压力度、对生态承载力的演化进行综合评价,并对生态承载力与城镇空间结构的关系进行探讨。在此基础上,对研究区城镇体系空间结构进行调整优化,为脆弱生态条件下的城镇发展提供依据。     

海河流域控制性河流生态环境需水量研究

文中基于水量、水热、水沙和水盐平衡理论和河流生态功能性划分理念,构建考虑了河流基本生态、自净、输沙和生态景观等功能的河流系统生态环境需水量理论体系。以境内河流监测站水文数据为基础,研究海河流域控制性河流的生态环境需水量,结果表明:该区域地表水资源量尚不能满足河流自净水量,河流生态修复年需水量86.65×108m3/a,城市景观河流生态环境年需水9.0×108m3/a,采取节水措施,减少污染物排放,加强雨水、洪水等非常规水资源开发和调配有望改善现状。     

加快现代植保技术体系建设的对策研究

植保技术体系呈现出病虫害预测预报能力明显提高,防控技术体系日臻完善,农药与药械应用技术稳步发展,植物检疫监管技术基础更加牢固的现状;承载着为领导部门和农民提供病虫灾害防控信息、病虫害科学防控技术指导、农药与药械科学使用监管、依法开展植物疫情管控的重大任务。发展现代植保技术体系,要突出病虫害测报公益性,着力病虫害防控的防灾性,确保农药与药械应用的安全性,关切植物疫情蔓延的毁灭性。建设现代植保技术体系的对策措施是：强化病虫害测报体系与信息网络建设,提升测报技术水平;加强病虫害防控技术支撑与推广能力建设,创新推广模式,大力推进绿色防控;推进农药与药械产品应用技术研发推广和专业化统防统治;加大植物检疫技术研发和执法监管力度。     

新疆石竹亚科的分布系统及区系的研究

本文对新疆石竹亚科所含10属(共计77种,1变种)植物的分布、生境及系统位置作了详细的论述,并与新疆毗邻的哈萨克斯坦作了比较。通过研究指出新疆石竹亚科植物区系组成具有以下特征:(1)种类丰富;(2)属于中亚成分,其中以准噶尔—土兰成分和中亚—新疆—西西伯利亚成分占主要地位;(3)新疆石竹亚科植物区系与哈萨克斯坦近缘;(4)分化较强烈,特有成分丰富;(5)生态型组成复杂;(6)以旧世界温带分布属占主要地位;(7)南北疆分布种数悬殊;(8)单种属丰富。     

基于WebGIS的农田土壤推荐施肥信息系统的初步设计与应用

为了满足提高农业经济效益和生态效益的要求,研究开发了基于WebGIS的农田土壤推荐施肥信息系统.该系统将因特网和GIS技术相结合,应用于农田土壤推荐施肥服务,具有很强的数据采集、施肥信息查询、专题分析、施肥决策、后期预测等功能;人机界面十分友好,可视化程度高,操作简便;通用性好,适用于不同地区的农田土壤推荐施肥服务.     

青海省干旱预警服务系统设计与建立

在阐述青海省干旱概念、类型、成因与评估指标的基础上,确定了旱情监测区域。以地面常规监测、气候监测和空间遥感监测相结合为基础,设计和建立了"监测—评估—预测、预警"信息业务系统,可为研究干旱发生规律,及时监测和预测干旱的发生,评估干旱程度以及制定防灾、减灾、救灾提供科学依据。     

荔枝害虫群落结构及其动态研究

依据软件工程学的原理,采用结构化分析与结构化设计和面向对象设计的方法研制出的植检害虫图文信息及鉴定辅助系统ＰＱ－ＩＮＦＯＲＭＩＳ,是一个融我国对外检疫性害虫的图文信息与种类鉴定专门知识于一体的实用性较强的微机应用系统。其中,检疫害虫图文信息系统ＰＱ－ＩＮＦＯＲＭ包括昆虫计５７种１属,乃用ＷＤＢａｓｅ为主要工具开发;     

北方农牧交错带土地利用及其生态背景分析

在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,提取年降水量、≥10℃积温、年平均风速、海拔高度、坡度等数据作为生态背景基本要素,基于NOAA/AVHRR影像分类而成的北方农牧交错带全样带1989年和2000年两期土地利用数据进行空间分析,分别研究单一和复合生态背景下土地利用的时空变化特征及其与生态背景的关系。结果表明:年降水量和年平均风速对土地利用变化的影响较为明显,特别是在坡度<15°的区域,降水对耕地和草地、年平均风速对林地和草地的影响均比较明显。≥10℃积温的变化与土地利用关系则不明显。耕地、林地、草地和城镇用地主要分布在海拔1 000~3 500 m和500 m以下、坡度为15°以下的地区,水域主要分布在海拔200 m以下、坡度为5°以下的地区。     

Analysis of the gacS-gacA regulatory genes of spontaneous mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strain PfG32R

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PfG32R, a potential biocontrol agent against soilborne pathogens, frequently loses its antifungal activity and ability to produce enzymes. To characterize genetically the instability of these bacterial functions, we analyzed gacS and gacA genes of PfG32R and three spontaneous mutants of PfG32R (NR1, NR9, and ASW6), which had lost their ability to produce proteases and antifungal activities. The gacS and gacA sequences of PfG32R had 77%–89% and 78%–87% homology, respectively, with several known gacS and gacA homologues. All three spontaneous mutants were subjected to complementation analysis. Introduction of clones containing an intact gacS of PfG32R and another P. fluorescens strain Pf-5 as well as strain tea632 of P. syringae pv. theae complemented all three mutants restoring protease and antifungal activities, indicating a mutation in gacS. In sequencing analysis, the mutants had a deletion or change in amino acids in the conserved sensor kinase domains of GacS. The three mutants maintained both their antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis and siderophore production, indicating that they are not controlled by the GacS/GacA system. The sequences reported in this article have been deposited in the DDBJ database under accession numbers AB219364 and AB219365.