荔枝害虫群落结构及其动态研究

依据软件工程学的原理,采用结构化分析与结构化设计和面向对象设计的方法研制出的植检害虫图文信息及鉴定辅助系统ＰＱ－ＩＮＦＯＲＭＩＳ,是一个融我国对外检疫性害虫的图文信息与种类鉴定专门知识于一体的实用性较强的微机应用系统。其中,检疫害虫图文信息系统ＰＱ－ＩＮＦＯＲＭ包括昆虫计５７种１属,乃用ＷＤＢａｓｅ为主要工具开发;     

Identification of divergent variants of Grapevine virus A

Eight isolates of Grapevine virus A (GVA), which induced different symptoms in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, were recovered from various grapevines. The dsRNA patterns of two isolates, which consistently induced mild vein clearing (referred here as mild isolates of GVA) were similar, but different from those of other isolates of GVA. Analysis based on overall nucleotide (nt) sequence identity in the 3 terminal part of the GVA genome, comprising part of ORF3 (putative movement protein, MP), entire ORF4 (capsid protein, CP), entire ORF5 and part of 3 UTR, revealed that GVA isolates separate into three groups (I, II, III), sharing 91.0–99.8% nt sequence identity within groups and 78.0–89.3% nt sequence identity between groups. Mild isolates of the virus were group III and shared only 78.0–79.6% nt sequence identity with the other isolates. The comparison of predicted amino acid sequences for MP and CP revealed many amino acid alterations, revealing distinct local net charges of these proteins for mild isolates of the virus. Based on both conserved and divergent nt regions in the CP and ORF5, oligonucleotide primers were designed for the simultaneous RT-PCR detection of all GVA isolates and for the specific detection of the most divergent virus variants represented here by mild isolates of the virus.     

有害生物风险分析定量评估模型及其比较

全球化的进程使有害生物入侵问题日益严重,植物检疫工作备受重视。有害生物风险分析(pest risk analysis,PRA)是植物检疫的支撑技术之一,风险评估是其核心内容,定量评估模型的研究与应用成为近30年来该领域的热点。本文在收集、整理国内外PRA文献和相关信息的基础上,针对有害生物入侵风险半定量评估模型、定量评估模型及软件的发展进行了系统性的回顾和分析。同时,我们比较了主要模型和软件的特点、优势和局限性,归纳总结出了适用于不同起点的有害生物定量风险评估集成技术体系,并展望了我国有害生物风险分析技术的未来发展。本综述能够为我国生物入侵防控管理机构、推广部门、高等院校及科研单位提供重要的工作参考,对植物检疫工作具有理论和实践意义。     

甘肃省近30年平均降水空间模拟方法的研究

生态环境治理以及全球变化研究的需要强化了部分自然地理要素空间模拟研究的重要性。区域多年平均降水量是影响农业生产的主要气象因子,是合理规划种植制度的重要指标。降水资源的研究是有限的降水资源合理利用和配置的依据。本研究利用ArcMap地理信息系统,对国际主要的4种插值算法(距离权重法、趋势面法、样条函数法、普通Kriging法)进行分析,建立甘肃降水空间数据库,计算并比较分析了甘肃近30年平均降水量的时空变化。对各方法进行比较研究,然后根据插值精度选择其中精度最高的一种进行甘肃近30年的降水模拟。研究结果表明:在平均降水量模拟的4种算法中,普通Kriging的计算精度最高。利用最优的插值方法的栅格降水空间数据库,建立的多年平均降水资源信息系统,可快速计算研究区内任一地域单元中降水的总量及其空间变化,对降水资源模拟、工程规划、发展战略及决策管理,均具有重要的意义。     

Preparation and Characterization of Tilapia Collagen-Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes

Marine collagen is an ideal material for tissue engineering due to its excellent biological properties. However, the limited mechanical properties and poor stability of marine collagen limit its application in tissue engineering. Here, collagen was extracted from the skin of tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica). Collagen-thermoplastic polyurethane (Col-TPU) fibrous membranes were prepared using tilapia collagen as a foundational material, and their physicochemical and biocompatibility were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that thermoplastic polyurethane was successfully combined with collagen, and the triple helix structure of collagen was retained. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed relatively good compatibility between collagen and TPU.SEM results showed that the average diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane decreased with increasing thermoplastic polyurethane proportion. The mechanical evaluation and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability and tensile properties of Col-TPU fibrous membranes were significantly improved with increasing TPU. Cytotoxicity experiments confirmed that fibrous membranes with different ratios of thermoplastic polyurethane content showed no significant toxicity to fibroblasts; Col-TPU fibrous membranes were conducive to the migration and adhesion of cells. Thus, these Col-TPU composite nanofiber membranes might be used as a potential biomaterial in tissue regeneration.     

海河流域控制性河流生态环境需水量研究

文中基于水量、水热、水沙和水盐平衡理论和河流生态功能性划分理念,构建考虑了河流基本生态、自净、输沙和生态景观等功能的河流系统生态环境需水量理论体系。以境内河流监测站水文数据为基础,研究海河流域控制性河流的生态环境需水量,结果表明:该区域地表水资源量尚不能满足河流自净水量,河流生态修复年需水量86.65×108m3/a,城市景观河流生态环境年需水9.0×108m3/a,采取节水措施,减少污染物排放,加强雨水、洪水等非常规水资源开发和调配有望改善现状。     

兔健宝对感染球虫病家兔血液学值的影响

本试验探讨了兔健宝对人工感染球虫病家兔的部分血液学值的影响。结果表明：红细胞及白细胞总数、嗜中性白细胞分别于感染后５～２０天、１０～２５天及５～３０天显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而淋巴细胞百分率和Ｔ细胞阳转率于感染后５～３０天、１０～３０天显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;嗜酸性白细胞、嗜碱性白细胞和单核细胞无明显差异。由此提示：兔健宝具有减轻家兔感染球虫后的肠道出血,调节机体非特异性免疫应答反应和提高机体特异性免疫应答的活性。     

河南省动物疫病监测预警体系建设的现状及建议

为了有效的防控动物疫病,提高动物疫病的综合防控能力,针对新形势下的动物疫病流行特点,河南省建立了动物疫病监测预警体系。论文介绍了河南省动物疫病监测预警体系的组成部分和监测网络,以及各个监测主体的具体职责。通过对河南省动物疫病监测预警体系现状的分析,指出了此体系中存在的主要问题和不足,并对体系的完善提出了几点建议。     

出口兔肉备案养殖场追溯体系的建立

从保证动物源性食品安全的角度论述了建立养殖场追溯体系的必要性,以出口兔肉备案养殖场为例,对建立追溯体系的步骤进行了四个方面的探讨。养殖场在设施合理、制度健全的前提下,确定追溯信息的深度、广度和精确度,并作好信息衔接和代码标识,才可使追溯体系有效实施。同时对追溯体系的应用和发展趋势做了基本论述。     

微机地理信息系统软件PC ARC／INFO功能简介

本文主要介绍了微机地理信息系统软件 PC ARC/INFO 的结构,主模块 ARC 及其主要子模块的功能,系统优化的方法及该系统当前的主要应用领域及前景展望。