纤维增强聚合物对中密度纤维板的增强效果

采用碳纤维布和玻璃纤维布与中密度纤维板复合,研究纤维布种类、胶粘剂品种、涂胶量及纤维板基材厚度等因素对纤维增强聚合物／MDF复合板性能的影响。结果表明：对于复合板静曲强度和弹性模量的提高,碳纤维布的效果优于玻璃纤维布;酚醛胶单面涂胶量为180g／m2时,复合板的MOR、MOE和他分别达到3633．8、62．5、1．046MPa;环氧胶单面涂胶量为120g／m2时,复合板的MOR和MOE分别为3900．5、49．58MPa;中密度纤维板厚度不同,其静曲强度和弹性模量提高量也不同,FRP对薄板的增强效果优于厚板。     

普通草鱼与脆化草鱼的肌肉特性比较

以9尾体重为（1 295.7±37.2）g的普通草鱼和9尾体重为（706.8±6.5）g脆化草鱼（脆肉鲩）为实验对象,对其肌肉理化及质构特性进行比较研究。结果显示：脆化草鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量高于普通草鱼（P<0.05）,粗脂肪和铁含量比普通草鱼低（P<0.05）,二者肌肉水分、粗灰分及钙、铬含量无显著差异;脆化草鱼肌肉pH、肌纤维密度和胶原蛋白含量均大于普通草鱼（P<0.05）;脆化草鱼在2 h和4 h的肌肉滴水损失低于普通草鱼（P<0.05）,但8 h后差别不大;脆化草鱼肌肉硬度和咀嚼力均比普通草鱼高（P<0.05）。对肉质性状指标分析表明,在一定范围内,肌纤维密度、pH、胶原蛋白有提高肉质品质的作用趋势;肌肉脂肪含量与肌肉硬度,肌纤维密度与肌肉滴水损失之间均呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。     

应用吸管法进行风沙土机械组成分析的实验研究

土壤机械组成分析就是指土壤粒径分析，即测定组成土壤的不同直径颗粒的含量。通过机械组成分析可以定量地了解土壤质地的粗细、理化性状、肥力状况及土壤的发育情况。经过从毛乌素沙地、腾格里沙漠和浑善达克沙地等几个区域采样实验，探讨了用吸管法测定风沙土机械组成的实验控制。结果显示：在司托克斯原理指导下的吸管法测定风沙土机械组成的实验中，传统吸管法的10cm深抽样条件下粉粒与黏粒段不能正常测定。8cm深抽样条件下，振荡分散1h有20％的样在粉粒与黏粒段的测定结果有悖实际，煮沸分散1h与煮沸分散10min两种测定结果在砂、粉、黏三段内的变异系数较大。经对比分析，在用吸管法测定风沙土机械组成实验中，以煮沸分散1h，抽样深8cm的实验效果良好。     

小杂粮浅松播种机的设计与试验研究

针对冷凉风沙区杂草防除困难，小籽粒、小播量时免耕播种机播种质量欠佳的问题．研制了小杂粮浅松播种机。该机采用平铲式开沟装置和带橡胶凸起的鼠笼式镇压辊，种肥水平分施，一次作业即可完成浅松除草、施肥播种等任务。在山西阳高县进行的田间试验结果表明：播种均匀性变异系数为1．1。种肥深度合格率92．5％。种肥间距合格率85．7％，平均除草率92．3％。镇压辊实现了对种行和行间的不同镇压。镇压后行间土块直径为1～5cm的占79．4％，有利于减少农田扬尘；种行土块直径为0～1cm的占84．3％．满足作物生长需求。该机适用于冷凉风沙区和农牧交错带的谷黍播种。     

热处理浸渍杨木性能研究

【目的】探究不同固化温度对浸渍杨木力学性能、物理性能和甲醛释放量的影响,为浸渍木的加工与应用提供实践指导和理论依据。【方法】以毛白杨锯材径切板为试材,以不进行任何处理锯材为素材,以常压过热蒸汽为介质,选择120,140,160,180℃的固化温度对脲醛树脂浸渍杨木(浸渍材)进行树脂固化处理。【结果】经过高温固化处理的浸渍杨木力学性能相对于素材有所升高,相对于未经高温固化浸渍材有所降低。与素材相比,浸渍材和120,140,160,180℃固化浸渍材的抗弯强度(MOR)分别升高了49.60%,45.21%,43.40%,37.70,24.95%;弹性模量(MOE)分别升高了107.39%,106.83%,92.40%,85.20%,57.35%;硬度值分别升高了65.71%,59.41%,56.06%,50.98%,44.46%;冲击韧性分别降低了7.03%,10.77%,14.73%,16.40%,21.54%。素材、浸渍材以及120,140,160,180℃固化材的阻湿率分别为0,20.0%,26.0%,29.4%,30.0%,33.3%。随着固化温度的升高,固化浸渍材阻湿率升高,尺寸稳定性提高。未经高温固化浸渍材的甲醛释放量为1.66mg/L,120,140,160,180℃固化浸渍材的甲醛释放量分别为1.09,0.91,0.25,0.16mg/L,经过高温固化处理后浸渍材的甲醛释放量明显降低。【结论】热处理对浸渍木物量力学性能及甲醛释放量有明显影响,建议生产中选用160℃作为脲醛树脂浸渍杨木的固化温度。     

FRW阻燃型稻草碎料板性能

以碱液处理表面的稻草为原料,采用MDI-UF混合施胶方法,压制FRW阻燃型稻草板.对比测试分析FRW阻燃稻草板与素板的各项物理力学性能和阻燃性能指标.结果表明:FRW阻燃型稻草板的各项力学性能指标均低于素板,除2h吸水厚度膨胀率外,静曲强度、弹性模量、内结合强度指标均达到国家标准的要求.FRW阻燃稻草板阻燃性能明显改善,稻草板的热释放和烟释放性能有显著降低.     

Effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed a concentrate diet

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of a mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in steers fed a concentrate diet at maintenance level. Animals were dosed three Rumen Faibu (RF) per head through the rumen fistulae (RF treatment) and not dosed (control) in a change‐over design. The organic cell wall content of the concentrate diet was 12.7% of dry matter. Daily time spent on rumination was very short in both treatments with 24 min in RF treatment and 15 min in control. The turnover rate of ruminal fluid in RF treatment was higher than that in control. There were no differences in ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration between RF treatment and control. Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were not different between the treatments. Propionic acid concentration tended to be higher in the animals on RF treatment than in control animals. The RF dosing in Holstein steers fed a low fiber diet did not affect the rumination time, but increased rumen digesta passage rate and ruminal propionic acid production.     

基于有限单元法的芦蒿茎秆力学特性分析

【目的】建立芦蒿Artemisia selengensis茎秆柔性体模型。【方法】根据芦蒿茎秆的物性参数,通过ANSYS有限元分析软件建立茎秆力学模型,对芦蒿茎秆在不同生长部位的轴向、径向压缩力学特性进行研究,分析比较模型计算值和试验测试值。【结果】模型计算值和试验测试值最大偏差为14.46%。芦蒿茎秆具有各向异性特征,其轴向压缩力学特性远大于径向;在3种不同位置段,径向压缩时,茎秆破碎出现在加载面的两端边缘位置,轴向压缩时,茎秆破碎出现在加载面,且应力由接近加载区域向周围逐渐减弱。【结论】可以运用模型仿真分析芦蒿茎秆力学特性,结果可为减少芦蒿在收获、运输、加工、储藏过程中的机械损伤和芦蒿收获机具的研制提供理论依据和参考。     

天然草场助推式间歇排种器的设计、分析与试验

为解决禾本科草种细长,千粒质量小,流动性差,易缠绕等造成的禾本科草种排种困难的问题,设计助推式间歇排种器。该排种器主要由种箱、种盒、护种轮、种刷、推种板、连杆和曲柄构成。工作时,通过曲柄转动,驱动推种板往复移动实现充种、清种、护种的排种过程。排种过程为主动排种,改变以往依靠种子自身重力和流动性实现被动排种的情况。根据排种器设计要求,确定影响工作性能的相关参数,并进行排种量稳定性试验。试验结果表明:排种器单次排种量为0.137 5g,满足禾本科草种排种量要求;试验过程中,排种器充种顺利,无草种堵塞和架空现象;排种器排种量稳定性变异系数为5.5,符合GB/T 25421—2010要求。     

Properties of Edible Films Made From Anchovy By-Product Proteins and Determination of Optimum Protein and Glycerol Concentration by the TOPSIS Method

In the present study, the physicochemical and mechanical properties of films made from anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) by-product proteins (ABPs) were characterized as a function of protein (3, 4, and 5%) and glycerol (30, 40, 50, and 60%) concentration. In particular, the thickness, color, transparency, water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility, oxygen permeability (OP), and mechanical properties of the films were measured, and generally, these properties were affected by both protein and glycerol concentration. The thickness, redness, WVP and solubility values of films increased, while their lightness and yellowness values decreased as protein concentration increased. Furthermore, lightness, yellowness, and elongation at break (EAB) values were found to increase at higher glycerol concentrations within ABP films, whereas tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (EM) values decreased. ABP films became more transparent with increase of glycerol concentration and decrease of protein concentration. The OP values of all films decreased depending on protein and glycerol concentration. The techniques for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was used to determine optimum protein and glycerol concentrations. According to this method, an edible film containing 4% protein and 40% glycerol was the best film with a C value of 0.6665.