A genetic study of popping quality in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Summary Two crosses of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (IS 1054 × ICSV-1, and IS 5604 × IS 1054) were evaluated in parental, F1, F2, and backcross generations for the variation in their popping quality as measured by pop volume (ml). Dominance was in the direction of low pop volume. Dominance and additive gene effects, in that order, governed most of the variation, while significant dominance x dominance type of interaction effects could also be detected. There was no evidence for higher order gene interactions.Approved as Journal Article 630 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, P.O. 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.     

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.     

应用两类遗传标记方法分析湖羊和同羊的遗传多样性

随机抽取湖羊 6 3只、同羊 6 5只分别进行 14个结构基因座和 7个微卫星标记的遗传检测 ,比较由两种遗传标记获得的群体基因平均杂合度 (H)、多态信息含量 (PIC)及群体有效等位基因数 (Ne)。结果表明 :由微卫星等位基因频率获得的群体基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及有效等位基因数显著大于由结构基因座获得的 ,且在两群体中变化趋势一致。提示 :结构基因座和微卫星标记是绵羊群体遗传多样性研究的可靠遗传标记 ,而微卫星标记揭示更为丰富的遗传变异 ;两绵羊群体在结构基因座和微卫星DNA两个层次上具相当的遗传多样性 ;微卫星标记可有效用于近缘群体间的遗传分析。     

线性最小均方误差的比率估计

本文对有限总体的总体均值提出了一个模型无偏的线性最小均方误差估计,并给出了这个均方误差的一个无偏估计。     

红星苹果矮化中间砧试验研究

1975～1985年,在辽宁西部前所果树农场进行红星苹果矮化中间砧试验研究。中间砧有 M 系的2,4,5,6,7,9,11、16,还有丹麦道生、保加利亚18号及甜黄魁。以山定砧嫁接苗作对照。经过10年试验,对其抗寒性、抗风、嫁接亲和力、开花株率、花序座果率,平均株产、树高、树冠体积、根系生长状况及分布、各砧穗组合的丰产相关指标进行了调查研究,并对各组合在前所果树农场自然条件及管理水平情况下的表现特点作出评价。     

应用运动平均斜率模型模拟农林复合系统土壤水分动态的研究

根据MOLDRUP等(1989)提出的运动平均斜率(MMS)模型,考虑源汇项,在入渗和蒸发交替的条件下,对半干旱平原农区农林复合系统中土壤水分运动进行数值模拟,结果表明:模拟值与实测值吻合效果较好,并体现了该模型的简洁、快速等优点。由此表明,MMS模型具有较强的适用性,可为农林复合系统土壤水分运移、耗水特征以及水分效应的定量研究提供准确合理的理论计算依据。     

稻米综合品质与结实期气象因子的关系研究

通过全国１２个省的１３个试点进行的多品种多播期试验，研究证明结实期日均温是影响稻米综合品质的主要气象因子；两者间呈二次曲线关系；结实前、中期为决定稻米综合品质优劣的温度敏感时段。     

香菇菌株遗传多样性ISSR、RAPD和SRAP综合分析

采用ISSR、RAPD和SRAP分子标记技术对收集到的26株供试香菇(Lentinula edodes)菌株进行遗传多样性分析,将分析数据合并构建UPGMA亲缘关系树状图,综合分析结果表明,26株供试香菇菌株间的遗传相似系数范围为0.49～0.97,在相似系数0.61时可分为3个类群,具有相似遗传背景或来源于野生资源的菌株优先聚类在同一亚群,由5株野生菌株组成的第三类群与21株主栽菌株相似系数仅为0.50,存在非常明显的遗传差异.该试验结果表明:该方法可以更好地解释供试香菇菌株间的亲缘关系;加强野生香菇种质资源的评价和鉴定研究,将有利于我国现有主栽香菇的品种改良和培育出具有自主知识产权的优良香菇新品种.     

植物"柔性坝"在不同底坡下水流特性的试验研究

通过室内水槽模型试验,较系统地分析了植物“柔性坝”在交错布置方式下,3种不同底坡对水流的影响.由试验得出,植树后底坡越大,流量对植物坝的壅水影响越不明显,即底坡对植物坝壅水的影响要比流量的影响大.同时通过对相同底坡不同流量下植树前后断面平均流速的分析,说明了植物坝能较好的减小坝前和坝内的水流平均流速,并将流速峰值均匀化.最后从理论上分析了植树前后糙率的变化.     

Effect of water and nitrogen management on aggregate size and carbon enrichment of soil in rice‐wheat cropping system

A study was carried out on a silty clay loam soil (Typic Haplustept) to evaluate the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) vis‐à‐vis fertilizer and irrigation application on the soil organic C content and soil structure. The fertilizer treatments comprised of eight different combinations of N and FYM and three water regimes. The results indicated that the application of FYM and increasing N rate increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content. Addition of FYM also increased the percentage of large sized water stable aggregates (> 5 mm) and reduced the percentage of smaller size aggregates. This was reflected in an increase in the mean weight diameter (MWD) and improved soil structure. The organic carbon content in macroaggregates (> 1 mm) was greater compared to microaggregates, and it declined with decrease in size of microaggregates. This difference in organic C content between macro‐ and microaggregates was more with higher N dose and FYM treated plots. The effect of residual FYM on MWD and organic C content of the soil after wheat harvest was not significant. The effect was less in deeper layers compared to surface layers of the soil. MWD was significantly correlated with the SOC content for the top two layers.