网格式生物埂对坡面土壤贮水及渗透性的影响

为研究网格式生物埂护坡的时间效应,以无生物埂护坡的裸坡为对照,对建设时间为1～4年的黄花生物埂坡面土壤的入渗与贮水特征进行了研究。结果表明,①建设年限1～4年的黄花生物埂与裸坡的饱和贮水量、最大滞留贮水量、最大吸持贮水量、初始入渗率、稳渗率、平均渗透率和渗透总量均表现为:4年>3年>2年>1年>裸坡,且均与建设时间呈显著的线性关系;②坡位对土壤贮水及渗透性的影响明显,1～4年的黄花生物埂均表现为坡上>坡中>坡下的规律,而裸坡表现出与之相反的规律;③土壤渗透性与土壤理化性质(总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙、毛管孔隙、土壤密度及有机质)和植被因子(根长密度、地下生物量和地上生物量)显著或极显著相关。     

水环境容量的研究

如何将人类活动控制在水资源、水生态环境的承受范围之内,已成为实现人类可持续发展的核心问题之一。阐述水环境容量的定义、内涵、基本特征和类型,系统分析国内外对水环境容量研究的现状,并介绍水环境容量的计算方法,为今后水环境容量的研究提供一定的理论依据。     

Effect of germination on total phenolic compounds,total antioxidant capacity,Maillard reaction products and oxidative stress markers in canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule)

Germination of cereals/pseudo-cereals has been suggested as an effective method to increase antioxidant compounds. However, this process could also lead to high reducing sugar levels and subsequent Maillard reaction products. The aim of this work was to determine the time course effect of canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) germination on: 1) antioxidant capacity, 2) extractable and non-extractable phenolic compounds content, 3) Maillard reaction products and 4) oxidative stress markers. Germination increased antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds and Maillard reaction products, including advanced glycated end products while it decreased oxidative stress markers. All parameters exhibited a similar time course pattern with a maximum at 72 h. In addition to the increase in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, canihua germination produced advanced glycated end products. The impact on human health of these compounds in germinated seeds deserves future attention.     

不同种植形式和播种方式对春玉米光合特性及产量的影响

以丹玉39为试验材料,在3种不同种植形式(2比空、大垄双行和清种)和3种不同播种方式(双株定向种植、双株紧靠种植和单株种植)条件下,对春玉米光合特性变化与产量结果进行比较分析。结果表明,双株定向播种方式下净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率均较高,双株定向播种、大垄双行种植形式下净光合速率最高,为18.20μmol/(m2.s);双株定向播种、清种种植形式下产量最高,为10 786.50 kg/hm2,双株定向播种、大垄双行种植形式下产量次之,为10 260.00 kg/hm2。大垄双行与双株定向组合较清种与双株定向组合的光合速率更高,说明大垄双行的种植形式更有益于通风透光,提高光能利用率。     

Identification and characterization of an anti-fibrotic benzopyran compound isolated from mangrove-derived Streptomyces xiamenensis

An anti-fibrotic compound produced by Streptomycesn xiamenensis, found in mangrove sediments, was investigated for possible therapeutic effects against fibrosis. The compound, N-[[3,4-dihydro-3S-hydroxy-2S-methyl-2-(4'R-methyl-3'S-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl]carbonyl]-threonine (1), was isolated from crude extracts and its structure, including the absolute configuration was determined by extensive spectroscopic data analyses, Mosher's method, Marfey's reagent and quantum mechanical calculations. In terms of biological effects, this compound inhibits the proliferation of human lung fibroblasts (WI26), blocks adhesion of human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) to a monolayer of WI26 cells, and reduces the contractile capacity of WI26 cells in three-dimensional free-floating collagen gels. Altogether, these data indicate that we have identified a bioactive alkaloid (1) with multiple inhibitory biological effects on lung excessive fibrotic characteristics, that are likely involved in fibrosis, suggesting that this molecule might indeed have therapeutic potential against fibrosis.     

我国农业综合生产能力研究——基于主成分分析

根据我国实际,构建了农业综合生产能力的评价指标体系;借助于统计分析软件SPSS,用主成分分析法确定各评价指标的权重,客观地评价和分析了我国农业综合生产能力的现状,找出其中存在的问题,并提出相应的对策措施,以促进我国农业综合生产能力的提高.     

沟灌条件下灌水沟入渗特性研究

为探明沟灌时灌水沟的水分入渗规律,从沟灌二维入渗过程、入渗湿润锋运移特性、累计入渗水量变化过程、土壤含水量分布等方面研究了沟灌的入渗特征及其影响,研究表明：灌水沟中水深、沟底宽、湿周对沟灌入渗过程均有明显影响。沟中水深增大,有利于加大侧向入渗,垂向入渗减少,而水深减小,会加大垂向入渗,增加深层渗漏。灌水沟底宽不影响灌水沟的侧向入渗,仅影响垂向入渗,底宽减小,垂向入渗深度相应减小,且土壤表面以下40 cm深以内水平向入渗深度平均值与最大垂向入渗深度的比值在沟底宽小时均大于沟底宽大时。合理的断面形式和大小有利于减小垂向入渗,加大水平侧向入渗,灌水沟断面形式为梯形断面时,宽深比近似为2效果最优。研究结果可为改进沟灌灌水技术提供参考。     

昆明市松华坝水源地水源涵养能力时空变化研究

水源涵养能力是水源地脆弱性诊断的重要指标之一。在对比直线分割、直线斜割和滤波3种基流分割方法的基础上,选取松华坝水源地径流区内4个水文站实测流量资料,用滤波法分割基流,并计算基流量和基流指数。结果显示,左支流冷水河上、下游平均基流指数分别为0.589、0.485,右支流牧羊河上、下游平均基流指数分别为0.528、0.484。此外,1954-1992年冷水河下游地区基流量呈显著减小的趋势,其余区域基流量减小的趋势不显著。水源涵养能力空间上表现为,冷水河流域的水源涵养能力较牧羊河流域强,两流域上游的水源涵养能力均较下游强。     

川西亚高山区域的水源涵养功能变化趋势

[目的]揭示川西亚高山区水源涵养功能的变化趋势,为明确该区的水源涵养动态特征提供科学依据.[方法]以岷江上游的杂谷脑河流域为例,根据杂谷脑河流域出口处的历年降水、气温和水沙资料,应用水量平衡原理,研究该流域水源涵养能力的变化特征.[结果]①研究区径流量呈明显减少趋势,平均每年减少2.83 mm,即水源涵养量平均每年提升...     

Antioxidant and trace element content of damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) under wild and cultivated conditions in semi-arid zones

Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) is traditionally used in the elaboration of tea, liquors, in the production of cosmetic products, and as a medicinal plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant content and trace element concentrations in leaves and stems from damiana grown wild and under cultivated conditions in semi-arid zones. Plants were collected at three different sites, two where damiana grows wild and one where it is cultivated for experimental purposes. Significant differences in the concentration of trace elements, vitamin C and total phenolic compound content, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities, total antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation levels were found between leaves and stems, as well as among sampling sites. Environmental conditions, in combination with genetic factors, apparently affect the trace element concentrations, antioxidant content, and total antioxidant capacity in damiana grown wild. Results suggest that nutrient enrichment, via the addition of fertilizers, contributed to increased antioxidant defenses in the cultivated damiana plants. Furthermore, we suggest that genetic selection, controlled environmental conditions, and specific agrotechnical practices can increase the antioxidant yield in leaves and stems of cultivated damiana.