遮穗和去颖下燕麦穗部特征变化和穗部光合贡献率估算

随着探索提高植物整体光合能力相关研究的不断开展,麦类作物穗部器官等植物非叶绿色器官光合潜力挖掘逐渐得到关注。本研究在成都平原秋播美达、贝勒、莫尼卡、摄政王、泰克和甜燕60等6个品种燕麦,设置遮穗、去颖2个试验处理,比较分析了各品种间穗部特征、穗部光合贡献率、颖片光合贡献率和茎光合物质转移率等差异。结果表明,燕麦穗部器官光合贡献率为28.56%～49.05%,其中甜燕60最高;6个品种燕麦的颖片光合贡献率为11.03%～36.88%,茎光合物质转移率为6.65%～35.81%。燕麦穗部器官对籽实增重表现了较高的光合贡献,当燕麦穗部器官光合受到限制时,燕麦单粒种子重和单穗种子数显著降低,尤其是影响双粒小穗数。     

质量平衡法估测树干呼吸的理论与应用

介绍质量平衡法的理论、估测方法及其应用,并对其进行评价.质量平衡理论认为:一段树干组织产生的CO2,应该是CO2通量的总和,包括通过树皮向外扩散的CO2释放通量、该段树干液流中的CO2运输通量(流入和流出液流的CO2浓度之差)及液流中的CO2储存通量(液流中CO2浓度在时间上的变化量).应用质量平衡法测定树干呼吸的关键是要估测树干内部的CO2通量,即液流中CO2的储存、运输和扩散.对于液流中CO2的估测主要有2种方法:1)用仪器直接测定木质部液流中的CO2浓度;2)通过测定树干液流停止流动或相对很低时(夜间)树干的CO2释放通量与液流流动时(白天)树干CO2释放通量的差值,间接估测木质部液流中CO2浓度.质量平衡方法提供了一个更为精确地估测木本组织呼吸的方法,其结果更为合理.     

Identification of Suspected Stem/progenitor Cells in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Culture System

To develop the potential function of dairy cow mammary stem cells (DCMECs) in regulation of lactation,we identify putative DCMECs which were BrdU label retaining epithelial cells,at the same time,analysis the location of two new mammary stem cells molecular marks FNDC3B and PROCR to verify the feasibility of them to indicate DCMECs.The mRNA levels of prolactin,growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-1 and their receptors were detected along with cell passage by Real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that the proportion of BrdU label-retaining epithelial cells was nearly 0.4% after 25 d continuous culture (passaged 4 times) and few cells were positive for FNDC3B or PROCR.Moreover,we observed the BrdU labelled epithelial cells by asymmetric division.The mRNA levels of prolactin,growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and their receptors in primary and passage cells were extremely significant difference(P<0.01).DCMECs would rapidly lose some physiological characteristics and the ability of milk synthesis when not under the condition of induction of lactation differentiation,but a certain percentage of mammary stem/progenitor cells will be retained,whose potential effects on the regulation of lactation and mammary acinar remodeling were worthy of attention.     

鹿茸发育的组织来源及其相互作用机制研究进展

本综述介绍了鹿茸发育的组织来源及其相互作用机制的研究进展,阐明了鹿茸发育的组织细胞特性,进一步分析了鹿茸发育机制中待解决的问题。     

申嗪霉素对油菜菌核病菌生物学活性的初步研究

申嗪霉素是一种新型微生物源杀菌剂,主要成分为吩嗪-1-羧酸。测定了申嗪霉素对油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明,申嗪霉素对油菜菌核病菌51个菌株菌丝生长的平均有效抑制中浓度(EC50值)为3.31±0.77 μ g/mL,并且与常规杀菌剂多菌灵、菌核净无交互抗性关系。离体叶片和田间药效试验表明,申嗪霉素对油菜菌核病的防治效果随其处理剂量增加而提高,用有效成分200 μ g/mL药液处理时,抑制离体叶片发病的效果可达到67.08%,田间防效可达83.29％,优于对照药剂异菌脲。     

冬小麦不同播期对土壤水分及产量的影响

在西北半干旱雨养条件下,以冬小麦‘陇中一号’为材料,研究了不同播期条件下土壤水分、产量差异。结果表明：冬小麦适当迟播可以提高土壤含水量,但在不同播期、小麦的不同生育期土壤含水量也存在差异。从4 个不同播期分析,平均土壤含水量为最迟播期（S4,10 月11 日）的最高;产量以最早播期（S1,9 月21 日）的最低,9 月30 日—10 月11 日之间产量相近。多重比较表明,播种期越迟,土壤含水量越大,播期处理间产量差异不显著,晚播不会造成减产。     

基于茎基部分区边缘拟合的稻株定位方法

准确地定位稻株是水稻株间除草机械作业的前提,提出了侧位俯拍的图像采集方式获取稻株茎基部图像,采用茎基部分区边缘拟合的方法定位稻株,解决了除草期内水稻冠层接连引起的定位不准确问题。首先分析稻株生长形态,探究侧位俯拍稻株茎基部的相机安装参数设定,以及影响成像质量的相关因素,提出了遮光条件下采集图像的方法,构建了具有遮光功能的图像采集系统;其次采用2G-R-B彩色图像灰度化、自动阈值、形态学操作等方法处理并分割稻株图像,检测茎基部边缘并分析其形态特征,并提出了分区边缘拟合定位方法:划分拟合区间为3个子区间,在子区间内进行边缘拟合,以拟合边缘线段中点坐标均值作为子区间茎基部中点,根据中点拟合茎基部中线,以中线中点作为定位的茎基部中心。最后进行了基于茎基部与冠层的稻株定位精度田间对比试验,结果显示:插秧后10~20 d内,基于茎基部的稻株定位误差均在7.0 mm以下,其中10 d、15 d、20 d时的定位误差分别为6.9mm/6.8 mm、5.9 mm/5.8 mm、6.3 mm/6.5 mm(有水条件/无水条件);基于冠层的稻株定位误差在8.0 mm以上,其中插秧20 d后,定位误差超过15 mm以上。试验结果表明,所提出的基于茎基部分区边缘拟合的稻株定位方法,定位精度高,除草适用期长,可满足株间机械除草过程中对稻株精准定位的技术要求。     

Biological characteristics of long passaging rat mesenchymal stem cells

AIM:To investigate multi-potential of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSC) and mutation inclination, the rBMMSC were long passaged in vitro. METHODS:Cellular cycles of different passages were assayed by FACSan flow cytometry and karyotypes of passage 6, passage 25 and passage 45 were compared by G-binding analysis. RESULTS:The early passages and long-term passages all showed strong proliferation; passage 6, passage 25 and passage 45 all showed normal karyotype. CONCLUSION:Long-term culture and passage of rBMMSC still remains strong proliferation. With this capability, the mutation inclination is not enhanced.     

EGF和FGF-2对猪皮下脂肪神经嵴干细胞增殖和分化的影响

【目的】探究表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF）和成纤维细胞生长因子2（fibroblast growth factor 2,FGF-2）对猪皮下脂肪神经嵴干细胞（neural crest stem cells,NCSCs）增殖及分化的影响,以优化猪皮下脂肪神经嵴干细胞的培养条件。【方法】通过体外分离培养原代猪皮下脂肪NCSCs,免疫荧光染色鉴定NCSCs标志物p75 NTR,并用不同浓度的EGF和FGF-2（0和0、10和10、10和20、20和10、20和20、30和30 ng/mL）作用于传代猪皮下脂肪NCSCs,用CCK-8试剂盒测定细胞增殖率,确定细胞生长的最适EGF和FGF-2浓度,将试验分为空白组和最适浓度组,测定两组细胞的生长曲线,成脂化诱导后油红O染色,对比两组细胞的脂滴生成量。【结果】免疫荧光染色结果显示,原代猪皮下脂肪NCSCs经p75 NTR鉴定呈阳性。CCK-8细胞增殖试验结果显示,EGF和FGF-2的浓度均为20 ng/mL时对传代猪皮下脂肪NCSCs的促增殖作用最佳。生长曲线显示,两组细胞均在第5~9天处于对数生长期,第10~15天细胞增殖减缓,逐渐到达停滞期。油红O染色结果显示,最适浓度组胞质内的脂滴生成量远多于对照组。【结论】在培养液中添加20 ng/mL EGF和20 ng/mL FGF-2对猪皮下脂肪NCSCs的增殖和分化有促进作用。     

Resistance to a highly aggressive isolate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a Brassica napus diversity set

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a serious problem in the UK and worldwide. As fungicide‐based control approaches are not always reliable, identifying host resistance is a desirable and sustainable approach to disease management. This research initially examined the aggressiveness of 18 Sclerotinia isolates (17 S. sclerotiorum, one S. subarctica) on cultivated representatives of B. rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus using a young plant test. Significant differences were observed between isolates and susceptibility of the brassica crop types, with B. rapa being the most susceptible. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from crop hosts were more aggressive than those from wild buttercup (Ranunculus acris). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates P7 (pea) and DG4 (buttercup), identified as ‘aggressive’ and ‘weakly aggressive’, respectively, were used to screen 96 B. napus lines for SSR resistance in a young plant test. A subset of 20 lines was further evaluated using the same test and also in a stem inoculation test on flowering plants. A high level of SSR resistance was observed for five lines and, although there was some variability between tests, one winter OSR (line 3, Czech Republic) and one rape kale (line 83, UK) demonstrated consistent resistance. Additionally, one swede (line 69, Norway) showed an outstanding level of resistance in the stem test. Resistant lines also had fewer sclerotia forming in stems. New pre‐breeding material for the production of SSR resistant OSR cultivars relevant to conditions in the UK and Europe has therefore been identified.