Tree size dependence of litter production, and above-ground net production in a young Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stand

The study was carried out in a 9-year-old hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.), stand over a span of three years from July 1992 to June 1995, primarily to predict litter production from exteral tree dimensions by combining open-top clothtrap and clipping methods. Litter production was virtually concentrated in October and November. Stem cross-sectional area at the crown base was proved to be the reliable predictor of litter production, and that single regression model was evolved irrespective of year. The regression model had proportional constants of 2.696 × 10⁻² and 3.540 × 10⁻² kg cm⁻² year⁻¹ for leaf litter and total litter production, respectively. Utilizing the model, leaf litter production of the stand was assessed to be 5.04, 5.12, and 4.99, and total litter production to be 6.48, 6.58, and 6.40 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for the first, second and third year, respectively. Biomass increment was 6.67, 7.80, and 7.70, tree mortality was 0.15, 0.13, and 0.41, and insect grazing was 0.09, 0.05, and 0.002 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for the first, second and third year, respectively. Above-groud net production was therefore 13.39, 14.55, and 14.51, Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, and biomass accumulation ratio (biomass/net production) was 1.86, 2.21, and 2.76 year for the first, second and third year, respectively. Considering data from earlier studies and the results of this study, biomass accumulation ratio,BAR (year), of hinoki stands was best related to above-ground biomass,y (Mg ha⁻¹), using the power function:BAR=0.112y ^0.936. Excluding seedling stands, leaf efficiency (above-ground net production per unit leaf mass) of hinoki stands was 0.91±0.02 (SE) Mg Mg⁻¹ year⁻¹, irrespective of stand biomass or age.     

朝阳地区杨树二元立木材积表的编制

杨树是朝阳地区的主要用材树种，为准确估测杨树林分的蓄积，需要编制二元立木材积表，通过外业标准地调查，取得1527株样木数据，用1227株建立了元立木材积模型，并用300株进行了适用性检验，结果表明，该材积模型适用于朝阳地区，有精度很高，据此编制了朝阳地区杨树二元立木材积表。     

五台山华北落叶松人工林生物生产力与营养元素的积累*

在太行五台山地区，调查华北落叶松人工林林分１６块标准地，并测定了单株平均木各器官生物量及营养元素含量，拟合了华北落叶松林木各器官生物量随年龄变化的ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃｓ生长方程。试验表明：华北落叶松立木及林分生物量年平均生长随年龄呈抛物线变化，２４年生时达到高峰，而叶片对干材的净光合同化率１８年生时即达顶峰，约为４００ｇ／ｍ２。１５年生林木各器官主要营养元素总积累量，从大到小顺序为Ｎ、Ｃａ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ，林分每公顷可积累以上五种营养元素的总量是８８８．９１ｋｇ。Ｎ为４０６．８６ｋｇ，其中叶片中Ｎ积累２１４．５６ｋｇ，占总Ｎ积累的５２．７４％；干中Ｎ积累５４．３５ｋｇ，占总Ｎ积累的１３．３６％。１５年生华北落叶松林分，生产１吨干物质即固定Ｎ３．５ｋｇ；而生产１ｍ２木材需固定Ｎ４．６ｋｇ；伐倒１ｍ３木材所消耗的Ｎ仅为０．６１１ｋｇ，占１ｍ３木材需固Ｎ总量的１３．３６％。     

群众杨组培体系的研究

以群众杨(Populus popularis 35-44)为材料建立组织培养再生系统。研究表明，外植体取材部位对不定芽的分化率有非常明显的影响，叶片的再生能力较弱，而幼茎的再生能力很强，叶柄的再生能力介于叶片及幼茎之间。因此，无菌苗幼茎是快繁和基因转化的理想外植体。在组培体系建立过程中发现再生不定芽中存在生长优于对照的个体，是否为体细胞无性系变异有待进一步研究。     

多花相思的组织培养和快速繁殖

用多花相思茎段作外植体,采用在木本植物茎叶组培材料上经常采用的3种消毒方法,以及前人已在相思类植物营养器官组培上取得成功的4种芽诱导培养基、芽增殖培养基和生根培养基进行对比试验。结果表明,材料消毒以1/800灭菌净10 min+75%酒精50 s+0.1%HgCl25 min处理效果最好;芽诱导和芽增殖都以改良MS+6-BA1.0+NAA0.2效果最好;生根效果最好的培养基是1/2MS+IBA1.0。     

Browse yield and nutritive value of two Salix species and Dorycnium rectum in New Zealand

The willows Salix matsudana x alba and S. kinuyanagi, and the leguminous shrub Dorycnium rectum, are used for soil conservation in New Zealand and have potential value as browse plants. Two experiments were conducted in the lower North Island to ascertain the effect of selected establishment and cutting practices on their browse yield and nutritive value. A hill site experiment determined the effect of rooted and unrooted stem cuttings on establishment and initial production of the Salix species. A flat site experiment determined the effect of cutting height (0.10–0.30 m, 0.80 m, and 1.20 m above ground) and cutting frequency (once or twice per year) on yield of the Salix species and D. rectum. The establishment and dry matter (DM) yields of the Salix species were unaffected by the type of stem cutting. S. matsudana x alba (1.2 kg DM/tree) plants yielded more edible DM than S. kinuyanagi (0.9 kg DM/tree) and D. rectum (0.4 kg DM/tree). Cutting height had no effect on edible DM yield but affected total DM yield of the Salix species. Nitrogen concentration in edible DM, of all species, was 18–22 g/kg DM. In vitro organic matter digestibility of S. matsudana x alba (648–691 g/kg DM) and D. rectum (664–666 g/kg DM) was greater than S. kinuyanagi (611–615 g/kg DM). The condensed tannin concentration in edible DM of S. kinuyanagi was four-fold higher than in S. matsudana x alba (255 vs. 59 g/kg DM). It was concluded that S. matsudana x alba had the greatest potential as a browse species and D. rectum the least.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

林木干形变化规律的研究

利用450株桦树标准木和63株落叶松标准木材料对林木的干形进行了研究,旨在探索林木干形的变化规律,为林木材积的测算提供理论依据。结果表明,林木的各干形指标均因径阶的不同而不同,并且胸高形数和胸高形率均随直径的增大而又变小的趋势。     

金露梅扦插繁殖技术研究

金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa L.)又称为金老梅、金蜡梅,蔷薇科(Rosaceae)委陵菜属(Potentilla L.)落叶灌木,因花黄色、似梅而得名[1].     

Comparison of the modified Weibull and Richards growth function for developing site index equations

A site index model based on the Weibull cumulative distribution function was fitted to three stem analysis data sets of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) BSP), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). The resulting equations were compared with those based on the modified Richards' (1959) biological growth function (Ek 1971; Payandeh 1977, 1978). The Weibull-type model performed as well as or better than the biological growth function for white spruce and aspen, respectively, but it performed less accurately in the case of black spruce. The Weibull-type model appears to behave better, i.e., it produces more realistic height growth patterns, than the Richards function upon extrapolation particularly at young ages.     

Inducing long-shoot growth for vegetative propagation of western larch

This study evaluated methods to release from suppression both short shoots on lower stems and developing buds on leaders of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) seedlings, in order to increase the number of long shoots suitable for stem-tip cuttings. Treatments included application of the cytokinin N-6-benzyladenine (BA), horizontal stem bending, and decapitation on container-grown 1.5-year-old seedling ortets. The rate of release of suppressed growth of short shoots on the basal stem segments increased from 15% to 83% after spraying with 200 ppm BA and doubled on unsprayed horizontally-bent stems. Syllepsis on the upper stems increased by 19% following decapitation and by 32% after a combination of decapitation and BA treatments. Although these treatments resulted in large increases in the numbers of long shoots available for stem cuttings, the rootability of BA-treated shoots needs assessing before use in operational programs.