樟树光合特性的季节动态

樟树（ Cinnamonum campora）春、夏、秋季净光合速率日动态均呈现“双峰型”曲线,而冬季为“单峰型”曲线,其日最大净光合速率和日均值存在明显的季节变化,由大到小的排序均为夏季（9．06、7．03μmol· m-2· s-1）、秋季（7．23、5．96μmol· m-2· s-1）、春季（6．91、5．58μmol· m-2· s-1）、冬季（5．60、4．32μmol· m-2· s-1）。基于指数改进模型估算的樟树不同季节光合参数分析得出,樟树光补偿点、光饱和点、最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率均呈现显著的季节变化,夏季樟树光补偿点（63．44μmol· m-2· s-1）最大,春、秋、冬季（均约为52．3μmol· m-2· s-1）没有显著差异;夏季的光饱和点（1625．70μmol· m-2· s-1）、最大净光合速率（9．19μmol· m-2· s-1）最大,春季（1519．39、6．80μmol· m-2· s-1）和秋季（1509．53、7．71μmol· m-2· s-1）两者没有显著差异,冬季最小（1267．31、5．31μmol· m-2· s-1）;樟树夏季暗呼吸速率（2．53μmol· m-2· s-1）最大,春、秋、冬季（均约为1．4μmol· m-2· s-1）没有显著差异。可见,樟树为强阳性树种,一年四季均具有较好的净光合速率和生长潜力。     

农村专业技术协会人力资本团队满意影响因素实证分析——基于湖北省5市（县）118个会员的调查数据

利用湖北省荆州市、松滋市、潜江市、宜昌市及襄誉市的5个市（县）118个会员的调查数据,基于Logit模型对农村专业技术协会人力资本团队满意影响因素进行了实证分析。     

应用多级反应动力学模型研究土壤甲氨基酚吸附

Metolachlor retention on a Sharkey clay soil was quantified using a kinetic batch method for different initial solution concentrations.Time-dependent adsorption was carried out by monitoring solution concentration at different reaction times.Adsorption was kinetic multireaction model which includes reverible and irreversible retention processes of the equilibrium and kinetic types,The predictive capability of the model for the dexcription of experimental results for metolachlor retention was examined and proved to be adequate。     

农业龙头企业技术创新模式分析——基于虚拟组织模式的探讨

基于国内外专家和学者对农业企业技术创新概念的界定,提出农业企业技术创新是农业企业应用创新的知识和新技术、新工艺,采用新的生产方式,开发、生产新的产品,提供新的服务,并实现商业化取得新的市场增值的过程。介绍了农业企业技术创新的特点：一是具有明显的地域性;二是具有较高的风险性;三是具有较长的周期性;四是具有公共属性。分析了龙头企业技术创新面临的困境,即技术限制、资金限制和人才限制。根据技术创新的方法将技术创新模式分为自主创新、模仿创新和合作创新3种模式。其中,自主创新、模仿创新模式由于在技术创新过程中具有一些缺陷,一般不宜为农业企业创新所采用;合作创新模式由于可以凭借外援,实现优势互补和成果共享,被农业创新企业广泛应用。着重叙述了合作创新模式中的虚拟组织,指出其可以弥补农业企业创新过程中技术、资金和人才障碍,广受农业创新企业青睐。     

Machine learning highlights the importance of primary and secondary production in determining habitat for marine fish and macroinvertebrates

1. Species distribution models for marine organisms are increasingly used for a range of applications, including spatial planning, conservation, and fisheries management. These models have been constructed using a variety of mathematical forms and drawing on both physical and biological independent variables; however, what might be called first-generation models have mainly followed the form of linear models, or smoothing splines, informed by data collected in the context of fish surveys.
2. The performance of different classes of variables were tested in a series of species occurrence models built with machine learning methods, specifically evaluating the potential contribution of lower trophic level data. Random forest models were fitted based on the classification of the absence/presence for fish and macroinvertebrates surveyed on the US Northeast Continental Shelf.
3. The potential variables included physical, primary production, secondary production, and terrain variables. For accepted model fits, six variable importance measures were computed, which collectively showed that physical and secondary production variables make the greatest contribution across all models. In contrast, terrain variables made the least contribution to these models.
4. Multivariable analyses that account for all performance measures reinforce the role of water depth and temperature in defining species presence and absence; however, chlorophyll concentration and some specific zooplankton taxa, such as Metridia lucens and Paracalanus parvus, also make important contributions with strong seasonal variations.
5. Our results suggest that lower trophic level variables, if available, are valuable in the creation of species distribution models for marine organisms.

     

Relationships between Octopus vulgaris landings and environmental factors in the northern Alboran Sea (Southwestern Mediterranean)

The relationships between environmental factors and fluctuations in Octopus vulgaris landings in the northern Alboran Sea are studied from 1987 to 2007. Landings during this period show both a long term decrease and a strong inter-annual variability. An exploratory phase revealed that local coastal temperatures and those averaged for the whole Alboran Sea during the previous year were the main factors controlling such variability. Warm anomalies have a detrimental effect on the octopus landings on the following year and this suggests that the decreasing trend in octopus landings could be partially linked to the long term warming observed in the Western Mediterranean. It is not yet clear which are the specific mechanisms linking warm anomalies to landing decrease. Nevertheless some hypotheses are proposed and a statistical model is developed for attempting to predict octopus landings one year ahead.     

林地土壤压实对土壤呼吸影响的数学模型研究

介绍土壤呼吸对于林地树木生长的重要性。分析人工干扰等外力作用导致土壤压实,使土壤容重增加,改变土壤孔隙度和二氧化碳浓度等。通过对影响因素和机理的分析,从微观角度利用微分原理,推导出土壤压实对土壤呼吸影响的数学模型,并就各主要影响因素对土壤呼吸的影响进行简要分析。     

埋置一端固定的弹性地基梁解决"桥头跳车"的设想与分析

针对公路路堤与桥台差异沉降问题,提出了在桥梁台背中埋置一端固定在桥台中的弹性地基梁的设想,并运用局部弹性地基梁模型初步论述了这种地基梁的作用机理及其设计思想,为研究解决公路工程的最大"顽疾"--"桥头跳车"提供了一种新的思路和方法.     

基于时间序列的中、美、欧盟生猪市场相互影响关系研究

为了考察国外生猪市场价格对国内生猪市场价格的影响以及影响程度和可能的影响机制,运用向量误差修正模型和Vector Autoregression模型,对美国、欧盟生猪市场价格波动和国内生猪市场价格波动之间的互动关系及传导效应进行了实证分析。根据Johansen检验和恩格尔-格兰杰两步法对中国、欧盟和美国的猪肉市场进行检验发现,国内生猪市场价格与欧盟、美国生猪市场价格之间存在着长期均衡关系。中国、美国、欧盟生猪市场之间存在着一个内在的、相互影响的价格均衡调节机制,预示着中国的养猪户与美国、欧盟的生猪生产者有着相同或类似的竞争环境。为了确保我国广大生猪养殖散养户的效益,建议在创建生猪市场价格预警体系时,我国应重点考虑国外生猪市场价格对我国生猪市场价格的影响。为维护生猪价格的稳定,建立中、美、欧盟3国(地区)共同的生猪市场信息交流、价格预警体系非常重要。     

心房钠尿肽基因敲除小鼠的鉴定

研究心房钠尿肽基因敲除小鼠(ANP-/-小鼠)的生物学及病理学特性。ANP-/-小鼠与C57BL/6小鼠饲养于SPF级环境中,观察小鼠的繁育状况及其生物学特性,选取合适时间处死小鼠,通过HE染色观察脏器形态及组织结构。ANP-/-小鼠的繁殖周期比C57BL/6长,产仔率较低;ANP-/-小鼠肝脏、肺脏、脾脏较C57BL/6小鼠的有明显炎症反应,但是C57BL/6小鼠未见明显的病理改变。提示ANP基因的缺失可能与炎症发生有关。说明ANP-/-小鼠繁殖较慢、产仔率低,且正常繁殖的普通小鼠不会引起器官的病理学改变。但作为一种在心血管、代谢疾病上的动物模型,并与炎症甚至肿瘤有可能的未知联系的转基因动物,其很有研究和探索价值。