桑树多倍体育种材料遗传背景的AFLP分析

利用AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism)分子标记技术,即扩增片段长度多态性,从DNA分子水平对19份人工三倍体桑育种材料进行了遗传背景分析,构建了指纹图谱.19份育种材料可组配70个杂交组合,各材料间AFLP相似系数大于0.750 0的有54个组合,经AFLP分析认为,它们不宜作亲本间杂交组合;AFLP相似系数小于0.750 0的有16个组合,经AFLP分析认为它们适于作亲本间杂交组合.本研究从基因组DNA分子水平上为人工三倍体桑品种选育以及杂交亲本的选择和组配提供了遗传背景依据.     

Control of Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Caused by Building and Decoration Materials

The importance of indoor air quality and the effect of volatile organic compounds(VOC) on human health are discussed in this paper,TVOC as a measurement for evaluation of VOC and the VOC pollution control methods and technology for indoor air are also presented.     

代料不同配方培养基对木耳菌丝体生长影响的研究

通过代料不同配方培养基对木耳菌丝体生长影响的研究,明确配方1培养基上木耳菌丝体生长较快,菌丝体浓白、稠密、生长茁壮,栽培袋污染率低.这是由于配方1的营养、碳氮比和物理性状适于木耳菌丝体生长的缘故.配方1的成份为:棉子皮48%,锯末48%,石膏1%,磷肥1%,石灰1.5%,尿素0.5%.     

Residential Environment Ethic and Green Building Materials

The environment ethic deals with the research on relation between human beings and the nature. The residential environment ethic is a detail study of environment ethic, which studies the relation between human beings and residential environment. The residential environment ethic presents the human duty to care about and protect residential environment and actually to protect human beings themselves. But the residential environment is facing many dangers, such as city pollution and indoor air pollution, which are closely related to building materials. So, one of the ways for improving the residential environment quality is to use green building materials.     

适宜共混速度改善低密度聚乙烯/竹粉复合材料力学与流变性能

该文主要研究共混速度对(low density polyethylene,LDPE)/竹粉木塑复合材料、流变性能和吸水率的影响。采用熔融共混方法制备LDPE/竹粉复合材料,通过旋转流变仪、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和材料试验机等详细研究了共混速度(40,75和100 r/min)对LDPE/竹粉复合材料的复合材料动态力学性能、形态、吸水率和力学性能的影响。在LDPE/竹粉复合材料,LDPE、增容剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene,MAPE)和竹粉的质量比控制在65∶5∶30。共混温度和时间分别设定为170℃和10 min。结果表明,添加竹粉可有效增强LDPE的力学性能。LDPE/竹粉复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度随着共混速度的增加而呈现下降趋势,但是与纯LDPE相比,LDPE/竹粉复合材料(40 r/min)的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别增加了28%和115%;弯曲模量从48.45 MPa降低到40.75 MPa。与LDPE相比,LDPE/竹粉复合材料(40 r/min)的弯曲模量最高增加了238%;缺口冲击强度则从12.8 k J/m2提高到18.27 k J/m2,但仍低于纯LDPE。在相同频率下(1.0 Hz),随着共混速度的增加,LDPE/竹粉复合材料的储能模量和复数黏度也逐渐下降,加工性能得到了改善;同时复合材料的吸水率也从0.89%(40 r/min)下降至0.59%(100 r/min)。SEM结果表明,竹粉能均匀分布在LDPE中,提高共混速度使得竹粉表面被大量树脂覆盖,改善了界面性能,使得材料断裂面产生大量的塑性形变,提高了材料韧性和冲击强度。试验结果证实共混速度为100 r/min时,LDPE/竹粉复合材料具有较好的冲击强度和较低的吸水率,这为木塑复合材料力学性能和吸水率的改善提供有意借鉴。     

散粒物料孔隙率测定装置的研制

依据理想气体状态方程研制的孔隙率测定装置,可以直接、迅速测得散粒物料在各种特定状态条件下的孔隙率。该装置对于一些吸湿性强的物料、特别是易溶于水、比重测试较复杂的散粒物料尤为适宜。经测试证明,该装置测试准确、简便。该文提供的对不同装料方法、不同杂质含量、不同粒度成分的散粒物料孔隙率测定结果,有参考价值。     

Multi-element analysis of soils and sediments by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Soil and sediment reference materials were used to calibrate and evaluate an analytical method for the determination of major (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Mn, P, Ti) and trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mo, Mb, Ni, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sn, Sr, Th, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr) by sequential wavelength X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Samples were prepared as pressed pellets and analysis was done with a total measuring time of thirty minutes per sample. Special attention was given to the selection of the thirty reference materials used for calibration of the spectrometer. Another set of eleven RM (reference materials) was analyzed for the evaluation of accuracy. Detection limits for trace elements (1-2 mg kg^-1) are adequate both for geochemical and environmental purposes, except for Cd and Sb. Accuracy for trace elements falls within the expected interval of certified or recommended values in most cases, but for some major elements, like SiO₂, some results showed discrepancies, evidencing difficulties associated with the determination of light elements in complex matrices. But when quality criteria proposed by mapping programs are applied to the results, their requirements are fulfilled. Both instrumental precision, obtained by twelve sample replicate analyses, and analytical precision, considering also sub-sampling and pellet preparation, lie between the limits of the Horwitz expression, except at concentrations close to the detection limits.     

适量木炭粉改善环氧树脂复合材料热/力学性能

为了充分利用木材炭化物,扩大其在复合材料等方面的应用范围,该文采用炭化后的木粉(木炭粉)和环氧树脂,通过模压工艺制备了木炭/环氧树脂复合材料。借助扫描电镜、万能材料试验机、动态热机械分析仪和维卡软化点测量仪等研究木炭粉质量分数对木炭/环氧树脂复合材料弯曲性能、冲击强度、动态力学性能以及耐热性的影响。在环氧树脂中,环氧树脂、反应性稀释剂和固化剂质量比为3∶2∶5;在木炭/环氧树脂复合材料中,木炭粉质量分数分别为0,5%,10%,20%,30%和40%。复合材料固化温度和时间分别设定为100℃和3 h。结果表明,添加木炭粉能有效增强环氧树脂力学性能:与纯环氧树脂相比,弯曲强度和冲击强度最高增加了278%和135%。动态力学性能结果证实随着木炭粉质量分数的增加,复合材料的储能模量和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)也逐渐增加。此外当木炭粉质量分数从0增加到40%时,复合材料的耐热性逐渐提高;维卡软化点从81.2℃提高到274℃。研究结果为,当木炭粉质量分数在10%时,环氧树脂/木炭复合材料具有较佳的力学性能和较好的耐热性能,为木炭在复合材料领域中的应用提供有益的借鉴。     

新型高分子有机硅材料集流效率试验研究

将高分子有机硅材料喷施在夯实的坡面上,在坡表面形成一层致密的防水膜,减少土壤入渗,增加径流量,从而提高了坡面的集流效率,并减少土壤的侵蚀量,是一种简单、方便的集雨方式。本试验以一种新型有机硅材料作为对象,采用室内渗透和室外人工模拟降雨试验,探讨其应用于集雨工程的可能性,并确定其最佳配比和最适宜用量。研究结果表明:硅水最优配比(体积比,文中所有硅水配比均指体积比)在1∶5～1∶7,适宜用量为150ml/m2。当雨强在1.2～1.5mm/min,前期含水率17%左右,干容重为1.3g/cm3左右,其集流效率可以达到70%以上,是对照夯实坡面集流效率的2～3倍,而侵蚀量只是对照坡面侵蚀量的1/5。新型有机硅材料具有集流效率高、成本低、施工简单等优点,在集雨工程中具有广阔的应用前景。     

热压工艺对竹材加工剩余物制备重组复合板性能影响的研究

采用正交实验法,研究热压工艺对竹材加工剩余物制备重组复合板性能的影响。研究结果表明:热压温度对试验结果的影响最为显著,其次是热压压力,而热压时间对试验结果的影响不明显;综合考虑产品成本及生产效率,确定最佳热压工艺为热压温度140℃、热压压力5.5 MPa、热压时间1.0 min/mm;由此工艺压制的板材,其性能能够满足汽车车厢底板及混凝土模板的要求,应用前景非常广阔。