四氯乙烯和镉联合胁迫对草鱼SOD和POD活性影响

为了考察超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)是否可以作为四氯乙烯(PCE)和镉(Cd2+)联合污染生物指标,采用静水生物测试法,研究了PCE和Cd2+联合胁迫对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肝胰脏、肾脏和鳃组织SOD以及肝胰脏、肾脏POD的影响。结果表明:(1)PCE和Cd2+复合污染胁迫时,草鱼肝胰脏SOD随着时间变化呈现"降低-升高-降低"的变化趋势,且最高浓度组始终低于对照;(2)肾脏SOD在所有暴露浓度组随着时间变化呈现"降低-升高-降低"的变化趋势,除最低浓度组在120 h显著高于对照外,其他均显著低于对照;(3)鳃组织SOD也呈现"降低-升高-降低"的变化趋势,但始终低于对照;(4)高浓度组(1/4TU和1/2TU)草鱼肝胰脏和肾脏POD活性随着暴露时间变化呈"降低-升高-降低"的变化趋势,但肝胰脏和肾脏的POD活性始终显著低于对照(P0.05);(5)草鱼鳃组织SOD活性明显低于肝胰脏和肾脏。PCE和Cd2+分别破坏了酶的蛋白结构和诱导了鱼体细胞膜的脂质过氧化,二者联合污染比单一污染加剧了草鱼的毒性效应。     

三种锰源对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和肠道形态的影响

为研究硫酸锰(MnSO_4·H_2O)、甘氨酸锰[MnC4H8O4N2]和羟基蛋氨酸锰(MnC5H11NO6S2)对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatu♂)生长性能、抗氧化能力、血清生化指标以及肠道形态的影响。实验选取体重为(11.00±0.12)g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼270尾,随机分为3组(每组3个重复,每个重复30尾),分别添加MnSO_4·H_2O、MnC4H8O4N2和MnC5H11NO6S2(分别记作MnSO_4、Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA),使饲料中Mn元素水平分别为37.74 mg/kg、40.66 mg/kg和38.15 mg/kg,投喂等氮等脂的试验饲料,饲养8周。结果表明, Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组的增重率(WGR)均显著高于MnSO_4组(P0.05), Mn-MHA组饲料系数(FCR)显著低于MnSO_4组(P0.05),存活率(SR)和特定生长率(SGR)方面,各组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量方面, Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组均显著低于MnSO_4组(P0.05),Mn-MHA组锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)活力显著高于MnSO_4和Mn-Gly组(P0.05),Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)活力均显著低于MnSO_4组(P0.05)。Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于MnSO_4组(P0.05),总胆固醇(CHOL)方面, MnSO_4组和Mn-Gly组均显著高于Mn-MHA组(P0.05)。与MnSO_4组相比,Mn-MHA组显著提高了前肠和中肠皱襞高度(P0.05),增大了后肠肌层厚度(P0.05);Mn-Gly组中肠皱襞宽显著高于MnSO_4组(P0.05),后肠皱襞高度显著高于MnSO_4和Mn-MHA组(P0.05)。由此可见,与MnSO_4相比, Mn-Gly和Mn-MHA能够显著提高珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼的生长性能,增强肝脏的抗氧化能力,调节相关代谢反应,保护肝脏,促进前、中、后肠的发育。     

利用过氧化物酶同工酶进行苹果矮化砧早期预选的研究

利用过氧化物酶同工酶分析方法,对１５９株苹果矮化砧杂交后代进行了早期预选。     

茉莉酸甲酯对烟草抗黄瓜花叶病毒的诱导效应

用1 g.L-1茉莉酸甲酯(MJ)处理小十字期烟草幼苗,烟苗移栽后长至10片真叶时再用相同浓度MJ处理一次,并接种烟草黄瓜花叶病毒,研究茉莉酸甲酯对烟草黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的诱导效应.结果表明:接种CMV后21 d,MJ处理烟株的病情显著低于对照,诱导效果达到43.24%;MJ处理提高了烟草幼苗叶片内的过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶及超氧化物歧化酶的活性和过氧化氢的含量;而接种CMV后,MJ处理烟株叶片过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性下降,过氧化物酶活性增强,过氧化氢含量明显升高.     

不同强度紫外线对蚜虫生态学特征及有关酶活性的影响

用不同强度紫外线照射桃蚜,处理两代后对第3代桃蚜进行生殖生命表研究。结果表明,发育历期、净增值率、生长周期、内禀增长率等在紫外线照射下发生了很大变化,且不同强度紫外线照射桃蚜的生物学指标有显著差异,紫外线强度越大,桃蚜发育历期和平均世代周期越长,净增值率和内禀增长率越大;紫外线对桃蚜生态学特征的诱变是不可恢复型的。桃蚜体内存在超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)等保护酶系统,用紫外线处理桃蚜4h后,SOD、CAT及POD的活力水平均高于正常虫休,表明保护酶与桃蚜抗逆境性有关。     

沸石复混肥对油菜苗期养分吸收、产量及土壤性状的影响

在盆栽条件下,比较了不同沸石含量的沸石复混肥对盆栽油菜苗期不同阶段N、P、K养分吸收量,油菜籽产量及土壤性状的影响.结果表明:沸石复混肥处理与对照复混肥比较,在苗期的前2个月,油菜吸收的N、P、K均为前者大于后者,而在第3个月开始,为后者大于前者.从整个苗期来看,相比复混肥对照,沸石复混肥处理的油菜N、P、K养分吸收量均有所下降,其中磷吸收量随沸石复混肥中沸石比例的增大而明显下降.沸石能减轻土壤酸化程度,提高土壤pH值,降低EXC-Mn.沸石在复混肥中的比例以10%～15%的含量较为合适,相比对照复混肥,增产可达9.7%.     

Selenium and vitamin E increases polymorphonuclear cell phagocytosis and antioxidant levels during acute mastitis in riverine buffaloes

Antioxidant, antiinflammatory and phagocytic activities were studied in milk polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) isolated from healthy buffaloes (group I) and during clinical mastitis with the treatment of Enrofloxacin alone (group II) and combined treatment with Enrofloxacin and Vitamin E plus selenium (group III). On days 0,3, 8 and 15 the milk Somatic cell count (SCC) were significantly higher in mastitic milk than in milk obtained from healthy buffaloes. In group II SCC decreased significantly on day 3 and day 8, however in group III reduction in SCC was observed on day 3, day 8 and day 15 (P < 0.05). The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated by determining nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) production in the milk PMNs before treatment and on day 8. NOx activity was significantly higher in mastitic milk than from healthy controls, both before and after treatment (P < 0.05). In group II and group III the activity decreased significantly on day 8 (P < 0.05). The Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was estimated in the milk polymorphonuclear cell (PMNs) supernatant. GSH-Px activity was significantly lower in mastitic buffaloes than in healthy controls, both before and after treatment (P < 0.05). In group II levels did not change in response to treatment, whereas in group III levels had increased significantly on day 8 (P < 0.05). The phagocytic activity (PA) (percentage of neutrophil that had phagocytosed 1–6 bacteria) and phagocytic index (PI) (average number of bacteria/ leukocytes counted in 100 cells) of the milk PMNs was significantly lower in mastitic buffaloes (P < 0.05). In group II the PA and PI did not change in response to treatment, whereas in group III both the parameters had increased significantly on day 8 (P < 0.05). The results of the present experiment indicated enhancement of antioxidative and cellular defense and reduction of somatic cell count in the mastitic animals treated with Enrofloxacin and Vitamin E plus Selenium as compared to the Enrofloxacin treatment alone. Hence Vitamin E plus selenium therapy may be added along with the antibiotics for effective amelioration of intramammary infection in buffaloes.     

动物锰营养中含锰超氧化物歧化酶研究进展

锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)是一种催化超氧阴离子自由基发生歧化反应 ,生成氧和过氧化氢的重要含锰金属酶。本文对MnSOD的分布、结构、活性、基因表达以及动物饲粮锰及其它因素对MnSOD的调节等进行了综述 ,以期推动锰营养学的进一步深入研究     

卡拉库尔羊妊娠母羊铜、锌、铁、锰的含量测定

为了探索微量元素对妊娠母羊营养状况的影响,选取体重相近、年龄和胎次相同的卡拉库尔羊妊娠母羊和空怀母羊各6只,清晨采取颈静脉血样和臀部毛样,利用原子吸收光谱法对铜、锌、铁、锰4种微量元素含量进行了测定(国标法)。结果表明:血清中,铜的含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);全血中,铁、铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);羊毛中,铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

非生物逆境对植物抗坏血酸过氧化物酶作用的影响研究进展

指出了植物抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Ascorbate peroxidase,APX)含有高度保守的氨基酸残基,分为叶绿体型同工酶和非光合器官型同工酶,以各自特异方式调控细胞内过氧化氢(H2O2)浓度。APX基因编码区同源性较高,表达具有组织特异性,响应H2O2、热激转录因子(Heat shock factors,HSFs)等信号因子调节,可调控胁迫相关蛋白和转录因子的表达。非生物逆境胁迫下,过量表达APX,可有效清除物体内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS),减轻过氧化损伤,提高植物抵御逆境的能力。