Integrated pest management in field vegetable crops in northern Europe — with focus on two key pests

Improvements in (1) insecticide application, (2) supervised control, and (3) pest forecasting systems have each helped to reduce considerably the amounts of insecticides required to control fly, caterpillar and aphid infestations in vegetable crops in northern Europe. By growing plants that are partially resistant to certain major pests, it is now possible to apply even less insecticide than the dose recommended for the crop. In crops where only small amounts of insecticides are applied, natural predators should prevent large increases in pest insect populations and natural parasitoids should reduce the numbers of pest insects entering subsequent generations. The possible impact of introducing transgenic plants and the use of physical (crop covers), cultural (crop rotation, undersowing) and microbial (e.g. fungi, bacteria and nematodes) methods of control are also discussed. The withdrawal of certain insecticides, as a result of environmental and commercial pressures, means that some crops may soon be without appropriate insecticides for controlling one or more of the major pest species. Whether such systems will be sustainable, remains to be seen.     

服务型供应链收益共享契约研究

以供应链博弈理论为背景,研究上游企业向下游企业提供知识型产品的二级供应链协调问题,上游企业是斯塔博格博弈的领导者,下游企业是跟从者。上游企业需要在一系列的收费和成本分担的方式中选择一种使供应链系统高效运作的方式。通过研究发现:上游企业对下游企业生产的产品收取一定费用并对下游企业未售库存给予一定补贴能够使供应链协调并使自己的利润最大化。     

提高农业机构科研管理质量的思考

农业科研是农业科技进步的核心,加强农业机构科研管理,有助于提高农业科研效率,对实现农业现代化意义重大。当前,我国地方性农业科研机构科研管理存在着较多问题,如缺乏管理的主动性,管理模式单一,管理观念落后,科研与生产结合少,缺乏团队协同作战精神,预算编制不够规范,科研产品疏于管理等问题。基于此,提出提高农业科研机构科研管理的建议。     

现代物业小区车辆智能化综合管理系统

给出了一种现代物业小区车辆智能化综合管理系统，由物业管理中心的中央计算机和下层的各个小区服务器构成多级控制的网络化管理系统，怪实现进出车辆的登记识别、计时计费、等多种功能，并提出了一种能有效识别车辆特征的方法。     

浅谈湖南林业分类经营

本文通过对湖南林业经营现状进行了广泛调查研究,并结合湖南的省情特点,对实施林业分类经营的建设设想和面临的问题进行了探讨。     

Effects of Population Density on the Vegetative Growth of Leafy Reduced-stature Maize in Short-season Areas

Maize hybrids which produce more leaves above the ear, with leaf area indices similar to conventional hybrids, which require fewer corn heat units to flowering and maturity, and tolerate higher population densities, should be better adapted for production in short season areas than currently available hybrids. Leafy reduced-stature maize hybrids, which have only recently been developed, have traits which address these criteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different population densities (50 000, 100 000, 150 000, and 200 000 plants.ha⁻¹) on the vegetative growth of one leafy reduced-stature (LRS), one non-leafy reduced-stature (NLRS), and two conventional control hybrids (Pioneer 3979, < 2500 CHU, and Pioneer 3902, 2600–2700 CHU) at two locations. There were no differences among population densities for leaf number above the ear; however leaf area index increased as population density increased for all hybrids. The LRS hybrid had a greater average leaf number above the ear (2.7 and 2.0 more leaves than NLRS and the control hybrids, respectively). As a result the leaf area index value of LRS was much greater than the NLRS and similar to the conventional hybrids, but LRS matured substantially before the conventional hybrids. The LRS hybrid required fewer corn heat units to reach flowering and maturity and had more time for grain filling than the conventional hybrids. Therefore, LRS hybrids show promise for production in short season areas where maize cultivation is not economical due to shortness of growing season.     

对重庆市荣昌县退耕还林后续工作的思考

介绍了重庆市荣昌县退耕还林工作的实施情况，分析了退耕还林存在的主要问题，结合荣昌县退耕还林工作总体规划和荣昌县的自然环境及退耕还林条件，提出了加强荣昌县退耕还林后续管理工作的五点建议，通过以封促管、以收促管和发展后续产业等方式，实现退耕还林的可持续发展。     

新形势下如何加强和创新社会管理

有效的社会管理是经济持续健康发展的前提,是社会稳定的基石.当前,我国正处在经济社会转型的重要时期,伴随着经济的快速增长,各类社会矛盾和社会问题呈现出多样、多发的态势,这给社会的管理带来了新的挑战.我们必须加强和创新社会管理,在战略全局上重视,同时注重改善民生、加强对权力的监督、建立健全的制度等不断提升和创新社会管理的整体实力.     

浅谈施工图预算审查方法

阐述了工程造价的审核内容，提出了工程造价预算审核的几种方法。     

Watershed Health Characterization Using Reliability–Resilience–Vulnerability Conceptual Framework Based on Hydrological Responses

An attempt was made to employ the reliability (R_el)–resilience (R_es)–vulnerability (V_ul) conceptual framework to develop a typical indicator system for quantitative assessment of watershed health. The study aimed to conceptualize and customize the R_elR_esV_ul framework to watershed health assessment for the Shazand Watershed in Markazi Province, Iran, for the period of 1977–2014. To this end, four easily, reliable, available and accessible criteria viz. standardized precipitation index (SPI), low and high flow discharges (LFD and HFD), and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were selected, and corresponding indices for reliability–resilience–vulnerability (R_elR_esV_ul) framework were accordingly conceptualized and calculated. The thresholds of 0.1, 0.16 m³ s⁻¹, 12.63 m³ s⁻¹ and 25 mg l⁻¹ day⁻¹ were thus selected for SPI, LFD, HFD and SSC, respectively. The results showed a decreasing trend in R_el and R_es, and an increasing trend in V_ul for SPI and LFD in the Shazand Watershed. The results further showed an increasing trend in R_el, and a decreasing trend in V_ul for HFD and SSC. A decreasing trend was ultimately recognized in watershed health index for all criteria except SSC. Additionally, the integrated hydrological watershed health index of 0.16 ± 0.11 obtained from the geometric mean of the R_elR_esV_ul framework indices also showed a decreasing trend for the Shazand Watershed health during the study period. The results of the present initiative study can be considered as a baseline by decision makers and managers to effectively adjust watershed management strategies to handle land degradation issues in the area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.