5 Aza dC对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞PPARγ表达的影响

为阐明DNA甲基化对奶牛乳腺泌乳功能调控的机制,研究了甲基化抑制剂5氮杂2′脱氧胞苷（5 Aza dC）对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中PPARγ基因启动子甲基化状态及其表达的影响,以体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞为模型,采用0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0μmol／L的5 Aza dC对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞进行处理,用EpiQuikTM DNA methyltransferase assay试剂盒进行甲基转移酶活性检测,采用CASY细胞分析仪检测细胞活力和增殖能力,利用亚硫酸氢盐测序（BSP ）技术检测了PPARγ启动子的甲基化特征,qRT PCR法检测PPARγmRNA表达的变化,Western blot检测PPARγ蛋白表达的变化。结果显示：与空白对照组相比,0.1μmol／L的5 Aza dC对奶牛乳腺细胞生长无毒性,处理96 h甲基转移酶活性极显著降低,奶牛乳腺细胞的PPARγ基因启动子甲基化程度降低,PPARγ表达升高。表明5 Aza dC可降低奶牛乳腺细胞中PPARγ启动子区域的甲基化程度,促进PPARγ表达。     

奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的不同培养方法比较及激素和细胞因子对β-酪蛋白mRNA表达的诱导

本试验旨在建立一种高效的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞培养方法,并研究不同激素和细胞因子对其表达β-酪蛋白mRNA的诱导作用.分别采用组织块培养法和机械破碎法培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,利用成纤维细胞和乳腺上皮细胞对胰酶的敏感性不同,对获得的细胞进行纯化.通过细胞计数法测定纯化细胞的生长曲线,通过免疫荧光组织化学染色法检测角蛋白18的表达,通过实时定量PCR法检测8种不同激素和细胞因子组合培养液诱导细胞表达β-酪蛋白mRNA的效果.结果表明:通过机械破碎法可以分离得到增殖旺盛的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,与组织块培养法相比,具有细胞迁出速度快等优点.细胞生长曲线呈典型的“S”型.在纯化的乳腺上皮细胞及第20代乳腺上皮细胞中都检测到角蛋白18的表达.100 ng/mL类胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)显著提高了乳腺上皮细胞中β-酪蛋白mRNA的表达(P＜0.05).由结果可知,本试验采用的机械破碎法是一种高效的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞培养方法,100 ng/mL IGF-Ⅰ对细胞中β-酪蛋白mRNA表达的诱导效果最好.     

Establishment and characterization of a dairy goat mammary epithelial cell line with human telomerase (hT‐MECs)

Although research on dairy goat mammary gland have referred extensively to molecular mechanisms, research on lines of dairy goat mammary epithelial cells (MECs) are still rare. This paper sought to establish an immortal MEC line by stable transfection of human telomerase. MECs from a lactating (45 days post‐parturition) Xinong Saanen dairy goat were cultured purely and subsequently transfected with a plasmid carrying the sequence of human telomerase. Immortalized MECs by human telomerase (hT‐MECs) exhibited a typical cobblestone morphology and activity and expression levels of telomerase resembled that of MCF‐7 cells. hT‐MECs on passage 42 grew vigorously and ‘S’ sigmoid curves of growth were observed. Moreover, hT‐MECs maintained a normal chromosome modal number of 2n = 60, keratin 8 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were evidently expressed, and beta‐casein protein was synthesized and secreted. Beta‐casein expression was enhanced by prolactin (P < 0.05). Lipid droplets were found in hT‐MECs, and messenger RNA levels of PPARG, SREBP, FASN, ACC and SCD in hT‐MECs (passage 40) were similar to MECs (passage 7). In conclusion, the obtained hT‐MEC line retained a normal morphology, growth characteristics, cytogenetics and secretory characteristics as primary MECs. Hence, it can be a representative model cell line, for molecular and functional analysis, of dairy goat MECs for an extended period of time.     

Serum neopterin levels in female dogs with malignant mammary tumours

In this study, we have determined serum neopterin levels in female dogs with primary malignant mammary tumours. The study involved 50 female dogs which had a malignant mammary tumours removed surgically (32 animals with carcinoma, 12 animals with sarcoma and 6 animals with carcinosarcoma) and 10 clinically healthy female dogs. Serum neopterin levels were determined using a commercial ELISA kit. The mean neopterin levels were lower in the malignant tumour groups than in healthy animals but differences were statistically significant only in carcinoma and sarcoma groups. The decrease of neopterin levels in animals with malignant mammary tumours may suggest their decreased cellular immunity. Moreover, it might indicate that decreased activity of cellular mechanisms of the anti‐neoplastic response is one of the factors associated with the development and course of malignant mammary tumours in female dogs; however, further studies are necessary.     

Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen (CA 15‐3) in bitches with tumours on mammary gland: preliminary report

The aim of this work was to determine levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen (CA 15‐3) in the blood serum of 45 bitches. A modified procedure was used to determine the CEA and CA 15‐3 markers with the human kits using the radioimmunoassay method. Samples collected from extirpated tumour of mammary glands were histologically processed and classified as per WHO guidelines. The average age of animals with tumour was 10.00 ± 2.2 years; for healthy bitches average age was 4.2 ± 3.2 years. Values of CEA and CA 15‐3 were considered positive, if they exceeded 0.23 ng mL^?1 and 7 IU mL^?1, respectively. Average levels of CEA in the tumour group were 0.25 ± 0.06 versus 0.20 ± 0.03 in healthy bitches (P = 0.0001). The average CA 15‐3 value in bitches with tumour was 8.58 ± 1.27 versus 5.14 ± 1.34 in healthy animals (P < 0.0001).     

亲吻素-1基因对雄性哺乳动物生殖调控的研究进展简

亲吻素-1（Kiss-1）基因参与哺乳动物性腺轴的调节,同时也参与其他生殖功能的调控,作者综述了Kiss-1基因在雄性哺乳动物生殖系统的研究进展,并对该领域今后的研究方向进行了分析。