Relationship Between Changes in Leaf Endogenous Hormone Contents and Senescence During Grain Filling Stage of a Rice Hybrid and its Parents

A major problem in hybrid rice production is the occurrence of leaf senescence during the grain filling stage that can result in reduction of yield. Changes in contents of several endogenous hormones are related to leaf senescence. The relationship between endogenous hormones and leaf senescence in the rice hybrid Tiyou 418 and its parents Tijin and C418, was undertaken for investigation. Indicators of leaf senescence, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and chlorophyll content, as well as the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellin (GA1/3) and auxin (IAA) in the leaves were determined. Different rates of leaf senescence were observed in the three materials. Senescence occurred earliest and fastest in Tijin, followed by Tiyou 418 and then C418. A similar trend was recorded in ABA, ZR, and IAA contents during the grain filling stage in the three materials. Changes in (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA ratios were also similar, being quite stable during the early stage of leaf senescence, and decreasing markedly during the late stage. The ratio declined more dramatically in Tijin, in accordance with its faster leaf senescence. The results suggest that the ratio of (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA regulates chlorophyll content, SOD activity, MDA content and membrane lipid peroxidation. It is postulated that endogenous hormones may play a role in the regulation of leaf senescence in a systematic way.     

Histopathology and oxidative stress analysis of concomitant misoprostol and celecoxib administration

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), non-selective or selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2), reduce pain and inflammation associated with arthritic diseases. Celecoxib, a COX-2-selective inhibitor providing decreased gastric injury relative to non-selective NSAIDs, is commonly prescribed. Misoprostol, a prostaglandin analog, supplements NSAID-inhibited prostaglandin levels. As concomitant celecoxib and misoprostol administration has been shown to intensify renal adverse effects, this article examined the influence of concomitant administration on hepatic histopathology, oxidative stress, and celecoxib concentration. On days 1 and 2, rat groups (n = 6) were gavaged twice daily (two groups with vehicle and two groups with 100 μg/kg misoprostol). From day 3 to day 9, one celecoxib dose (40 mg/kg) replaced a vehicle dose of one group and one group received celecoxib in addition to misoprostol. Livers were harvested on day 10. No hepatic abnormalities were observed denoting a lack of influence by either drug. Also no change in mean biomarker levels was detected. The changes in hepatic celecoxib concentration in the misoprostol-receiving group compared to control were not significant. Thus misoprostol does not influence hepatic celecoxib effects in terms of histopathology, oxidative stress, or celecoxib concentration level at the dosage and duration examined.     

窄冠黑青杨对重金属复合胁迫的生理响应

采用盆栽试验方法研究了不同浓度Pb2+、Cd2+、Hg2+复合胁迫下黑青杨的相关生理生化指标的变化.结果表明:随着重金属复合胁迫浓度的增加,黑青杨的根系活力、光合活性各指标呈下降的趋势;叶片游离脯氨酸含量与丙二醛(MDA)呈逐渐增加趋势;在较低浓度的Pba+、Cd2+、Hg2+复合胁迫的处理下,黑青杨根系活力稍有增强,说明低浓度的复合胁迫对其有一定的刺激作用;随着土壤复合胁迫浓度增加,黑青杨的净光合速率(Pn)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(C1)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)逐渐下降,且均在最高处理浓度时达到谷值.研究发现,高浓度的Pb2+、Cd2+、Hg2+复合胁迫所导致的Pn下降是由气孔限制因素所致.本研究能为环境监测中评价土壤重金属污染程度提供参考,同时也为受污染地区绿化树种的选择提供科学的理论依据.     

木瓜秀粉蚧为害对不同木薯品种次生代谢物质含量的影响

次生代谢物质在植物防御植食性害虫时发挥重要作用,但目前尚无次生代谢物质与木薯品种抗虫相关性的报道。本研究系统开展了木瓜秀粉蚧为害前后不同木薯品种叶组织中总酚、丙二醛、单宁等次生代谢物质含量的差异分析。结果表明,与为害前相比,木瓜秀粉蚧为害1、4、8 d后,感虫木薯品种‘BRA900’‘面包’‘SC205’和‘瑞士T7’叶组织中总酚与丙二醛含量无显著差异,单宁含量则显著降低,而抗虫木薯品种‘缅甸’和‘C1115’叶组织中总酚和单宁含量显著增加,丙二醛含量显著降低。抗虫木薯品种的总酚含量在粉蚧为害前显著低于感虫木薯品种,而粉蚧为害1、4、8 d后显著高于感虫木薯品种;抗虫木薯品种丙二醛含量在为害前与感虫木薯品种无显著差异,粉蚧为害1、4、8 d后显著低于感虫木薯品种;抗虫木薯品种单宁含量在为害前后均显著高于感虫木薯品种。相关性分析发现,木薯对木瓜秀粉蚧的抗性与叶组织中总酚含量和单宁含量显著正相关,与丙二醛含量显著负相关。本研究初步阐明基于次生代谢物质总酚、丙二醛、单宁的木薯品种对木瓜秀粉蚧的抗性机理。     

旱后复水对刺槐苗木叶片保护酶活性和膜质过氧化的影响

【目的】研究刺槐苗木在较长时间处于水分胁迫以及解除胁迫之后的生理动态变化,对旱后复水激发刺槐的生理学补偿效应机制进行初步探讨。【方法】以1年生的刺槐苗木为材料,采用盆栽试验,以土壤相对含水率(SRW)为100.00%的处理为对照,探讨不同水分胁迫强度(土壤相对含水率87.84%,70.00%,52.16%,40.00%)胁迫30 d时以及复水2,24,48和72 h后,刺槐叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及超氧阴离子自由基(.O2-)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。【结果】水分胁迫30 d后,随着水分胁迫程度的加深,刺槐叶片中.O2-和丙二醛含量均明显高于对照,同时SOD和POD活性明显提高,仍能维持较强的活性氧清除能力,其中SRW为40.00%的处理刺槐叶片SOD和POD活性较SRW为52.16%的处理低,但均高于对照。旱后复水2 h,SOD和POD活性急剧上升,.O2-和MDA含量下降幅度较大。旱后复水72 h,经过水分胁迫后的刺槐叶片抗氧化酶体系清除超氧阴离子自由基能力较对照得到加强。【结论】适度水分胁迫使刺槐苗木的抗氧化能力得到加强。     

硼对黄果柑生理及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以7年生黄果柑果树为材料,设置4个硼处理,研究硼对黄果柑根、叶片生理反应和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,叶片中不溶性硼含量增长了1～7倍,不溶性硼是根、叶中硼的主要存在形式。硼砂处理显著增加了黄果柑根、叶片中硼和脯氨酸含量,各处理叶片丙二醛含量差异不显著。硼不足和高量都会增大黄果柑果实成熟后期叶片细胞膜透性,显著降低叶片中叶绿素含量,降低果实过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。尤其当硼含量较高时,脯氨酸含量有所积累,激活氧化应激反应从而降低黄果柑根、叶的硼毒害作用。     

储藏时间对油松种子萌发及生理特征变化的影响

油松是我国主要的造林树种,所以对其苗木的需求量很大。试验以不同储藏时间的油松种子为研究对象,通过常规催芽方法来比较不同储藏时间油松种子的发芽及生理变化。结果表明:油松种子的发芽率和发芽势都以1a和2a储藏时间最高,发芽率分别为48.5%和49.7%;随着油松种子储藏时间延长,种子老化严重,其中都以短时间储藏种子丙二醛含量最低和过氧化酶活性最高。     

Assessment of drought tolerance in mung bean cultivars/lines as depicted by the activities of germination enzymes,seedling’s antioxidative potential and nutrient acquisition

Drought stress hampers firm crop stand establishment and yield in arid and semiarid regions. The present study was conducted to examine the drought tolerance of various mung bean cultivars/lines based on the seed germination characteristics in relation with the seedling’s antioxidative potential and nutrient uptake. Activities of germination enzymes, seed germination attributes, seedling biomass production and nutrient uptake of studied cultivars/lines were adversely affected due to PEG-induced drought but the total soluble proteins (TSP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were increased. The activities of catalse (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased in all cultivars/lines being the maximum in cv./line NM-2006 and 8005. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased in cv./line NM-2006 and 8005 under drought condition. The ascorbic acid (AsA) and total phenolic content (TPC) decreased and total flavonoid content (TFC) increased in all cultivars/lines due to drought. Significant reduction in N, P, K, Ca and Mg was found in all cvs./lines but Fe remain unchanged. In conclusion, cultivars/lines NM-2006, 8005 were recommended as drought tolerant and 97,006 and 97,001 as drought sensitive ones. The study outcomes will likely be helpful for the farmers growing mung bean in rain fed areas for the better productivity.     

土壤汞污染胁迫对蚯蚓体内几种抗氧化酶活性的影响

汞是毒性较大的重金属,为了解土壤汞污染对蚯蚓抗氧化防御体系的影响,本文采用人工土壤法,研究了不同Hg暴露浓度水平下(1、2、4、8、16、24、32、50 mg/kg)赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)的应激反应,分析了不同浓度Hg污染水平对蚯蚓体内3种抗氧化酶活性以及脂质过氧化最终产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,Hg暴露会对蚯蚓抗氧化防御系统产生较大影响。蚯蚓体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)在不同浓度的Hg暴露水平下,随时间变化呈现出不同的阶段性应激反应。总体上看,Hg暴露环境对赤子爱胜蚓SOD和GSH-PX活性有一定的抑制作用,但对CAT活性的影响无明显规律。Hg暴露对蚯蚓体内MDA含量有一定影响,在32和50 mg/kg的较高浓度水平下,赤子爱胜蚓体内MDA含量明显增加,可能是汞胁迫造成了蚯蚓机体细胞的氧化损伤。