镉对中间球海胆性腺脂质过氧化的影响

研究了不同浓度的镉离子对中间球海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius性腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果显示:低浓度的镉能激活海胆性腺SOD、CAT和GPx的活性,但随着镉离子浓度的增加和时间的延长,3种酶活性都受到不同程度的抑制;各试验组MDA的含量显著高于对照组.说明镉能引起海胆性腺脂质过氧化损伤.     

铜胁迫和间作对玉米抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

为探讨红壤地玉米-豌豆间作种植模式对铜污染的响应机制,通过盆栽试验,研究了不同铜浓度(0、100、200、400、600 mg·kg-1)对玉米单作和玉米间作豌豆条件下植株生物量、铜含量、玉米抗氧化酶活性[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)]及丙二醛含量(MDA)的影响。结果表明:在高Cu2+浓度(600mg·kg-1)胁迫下,间作玉米地上部和地下部干重较单作分别提高了20%和36.6%,与单作相比,随着Cu2+浓度升高(100、200、400、600 mg·kg-1),间作模式下玉米地上部铜含量分别降低了86.81%、44.57%、22.01%、11.11%,而地下部铜含量则分别提高了78.89%、24.79%、35.29%、13.31%,且差异均达到显著水平。在不同Cu2+浓度胁迫下,玉米叶和根中的SOD、POD、CAT活性和MDA含量均随着Cu2+浓度的增加而提高,仅Cu2+浓度达到600mg·kg-1时玉米体内的CAT活性有所下降。间作条件下玉米根的SOD活性较单作提高了48.07%~117.27%,间作玉米叶的SOD活性较单作提高了11.30%~46.90%。不同种植模式对Cu2+胁迫条件下的玉米POD活性均没有显著影响。在Cu2+(0~400mg·kg-1)胁迫下,间作玉米叶的CAT活性较单作均显著提高,分别提高了71.37%、140.40%、229.80%和161.75%,间作玉米根的CAT活性与单作无显著差异。间作玉米根的MDA含量较单作降低了26.13%~64.53%;在100、200 mg·kg-1Cu2+胁迫下,间作玉米叶的MDA含量较单作降低了0.30%和26.24%,但在400、600 mg·kg-1Cu2+胁迫下,间作玉米叶的MDA含量较单作提高了32.62%和93.51%。综上所述,在一定范围的Cu2+胁迫条件下,玉米根和叶中的抗氧化酶活性及MDA含量均有所提高来维持正常生长,间作模式在Cu2+胁迫下对玉米根和叶的抗氧化酶系统能起到一定的保护作用。     

水杨酸对西瓜抗冷性生理指标的影响

以1.0、2.0、3.0、3.5 mmol/L四种浓度的SA处理三叶一心西瓜幼苗,研究SA对西瓜幼苗抗冷性的影响。结果表明,SA可以增强西瓜幼苗的抗冷性,其中以1.0 mmol/L的效果为最好。经1.0 mmol/L SA处理的幼苗Pro含量、POD、CAT和ATP酶等3种保护酶的活性均比5 ℃对照有提高,MDA含量减少,并且SA可减缓低温下叶绿素含量的减少和增加膜透性。     

铈对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发过程中生理指标的影响

以小麦为材料,在实验室模拟条件下,研究一定浓度的Ce（NH4）2（NO3）6对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发的影响。发现当用浓度为0．8％NaCl溶液对小麦种子进行盐胁迫时,溶液中含10mg／L的Ce（NH4）2（NO3）6能够降低盐胁迫下的小麦种子可溶性糖和丙二醛含量,说明稀土元素铈在一定程度上能降低盐胁迫对小麦种子的危害。     

Oxidative Damage to Spodoptera fitura Cell Induced byα-Terthienyl

In this study, the oxidative damage of α-terthienyl （α-T） to the Spodoptera litura （SL） cell and its mechanism were investigated. MTT was used to compare the toxicity of α-T and rotenone to the SL cell. The output of malondialdehyde and relative content of glutathione were determined with 2-thiobarbituric acid （TBA） and 5, 5＇-dithio-bis （2-nitrobenzoic acid） （DTNB）, respectively. Transmission electron microscope （TEM） was employed to observe the influence of α-T on the membrane and organelle of the SL cell. The result showed that the IC50 value of α-T to the SL cell was 0.21 μg mL^-1, whereas the corresponding dose of rotenone was 12.25 μg mL^-1. The output of MDA had the same changing tendency with the concentration of α-T, whereas the content of GSH had the negative correlation with it. According to TEM, the cell membrane and karyotheca swelled and couldn＇t retain integrity, the intracellular substances leaked out, unidentified granules appeared in the SL cell. The mitochondria expanded, and the membrane and subcellular organelle were damaged severely. In this study, it was found that after oxidative damage induced by α-T, the output of MDA increased notably, whereas the relative content of GSH decreased. This indicated that the antioxidant ability of cell weakened. The result of TEM implied that the SL cell suffered from oxidative damage under the appointed dose.     

盐胁迫对四园林绿化树种叶片中叶绿素含量动态变化的影响

用不同浓度NaCl溶液处理一年生苗木乌柏(Sapium sebiferum(L．)Roxb)、栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm．)、黄栌(Pistacia chinensis Bunge．)、法桐(Platanus orientalis L．)，研究了四园林绿化树种叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量的动态变化以及叶绿素与丙二醛、脯氨酸的相关性．结果表明，叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量均随盐胁迫程度的增加而降低，但叶绿素a和b降解的幅度以及叶绿素a／b值并不星现单一的变化趋势。相关分析表明．四树种总叶绿素含量与膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量负相关，说明盐胁迫下叶绿素的降解与膜脂过氧化存在着密切的关系．乌桕、栾树叶片中Chl与Pro含量星正相关；而法桐、黄栌则负相关，游离Pro的积累对叶绿素的合成与降解并未起直接作用。     

不同基因型水稻抽穗后衰老进程的比较研究

本实验对汕优63、J85、老来青等三种不同基因型水稻品种衰老过程中的生理生化指标进行了分析。结果表明,随着叶片衰老进程,剑叶中的叶绿素含量逐渐下降,丙二醛含量逐渐上升,而根系活力在抽穗后一直呈下降趋势。进一步比较三种不同类型水稻叶片的衰老进程,发现:(1)在外界环境一致的情况下,三种水稻在这三个指标上变化明显不同,其中粳稻老来青抗衰老程度最高,而最易衰老的是杂交稻汕优63;(2)汕优63在抽穗后5～10d内衰老最为迅速;(3)根系活力的下降早于叶片中与衰老有关的指标变化。这表明在衰老过程中,根系的衰老先于叶片。     

Hepatoprotective effects of polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The hepatoprotective effects of polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves were evaluated against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. The elevated levels of serum ALT, AST, ALP, ALB, TP, HA, LN, TG, and CHO were restored towards normalization significantly by GBP in a dose dependent manner. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections. Meanwhile, GBP also produced a significant and dose-dependent reversal of CCl₄-diminished activity of the antioxidant enzymes and reduced CCl₄-elevated level of MDA. In general, the effects of GBP were not significantly different from those of the standard drug Essentiale.     

Effect of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos on certain biomarkers in various tissues of guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata

Tests of acute toxicity were performed on the most common species of aquarium fish, Poecilia reticulata. Guppies (P. reticulata) were exposed to progressive concentrations of methyl parathion (MP) and chlorpyrifos (CPF); a semi-static method according to guidelines of OECD was used. Tests of acute toxicity were conducted using 10 fish for each separate concentration and for the control group. The results were subjected to probit analysis to determine the 96 h LC₅₀ values. The 96 h LC₅₀ values of MP and CPF to P. reticulata were 8.48 ppm/L (5.98–10.89) and 0.176 ppm/L (0.313–0.224) respectively. In addition, behavioral changes at each concentration were observed for the individual fish. Fish were exposed for 96 h to different sublethal concentrations of MP and CPF (¼ LC₅₀, 1/8 LC₅₀ and 1/10 LC₅₀) and their oxidative stress-induction potential was estimated in brain, liver and gills of fish. MDA content is induced in all tissues but maximum rise was observed in gills (161% and 153% for MP and CPF respectively). With regard to antioxidant defense system (ADS), GSH level decreased in the brain, liver and gills of tissues of MP treated fishes (22%, 6% and 13% respectively) and showed increase in brain and gills CPF treated (23% and 21% respectively). CAT, GST, GR and SOD levels fluctuated in all treatment groups relative to the control. Brain AChE showed dose-dependent inhibition in fish exposed to the higher concentrations reached 45% and 66% for MP and CPF respectively. Collective findings demonstrated that pesticide exposure of fish induced an increase in MDA and fluctuated ADS along with inhibited AChE. These findings may be used as valuable biomarkers for evaluation of water pollution.     

Fenthion induced-oxidative stress in the liver of adult rats and their progeny: Alleviation by Artemisia campestris

Fenthion (FEN) is an organophosphate insecticide used in both agricultural and urban areas throughout the world including Tunisia. Recent investigations have proved the crucial role of natural antioxidants to prevent the damage caused by toxic compounds. In this study, we investigated the role of Artemisia campestris (Ac) leaf powder in protection against oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity induced by fenthion in female rats and their pups. Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: group I served as controls which received standard diet, group II received orally FEN 551 ppm, group III received both 551 ppm of FEN and experimental diet (5% Artemisia) and group IV received experimental diet (5% Artemisia). Oral administration 551 ppm of FEN by drinking water to adult rats caused hepatotoxicity as monitored by the increase in the levels of hepatic markers enzymes (transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), as well as hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels thus causing a drastic alteration in antioxidant defence system. Particularly, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) increased by FEN. These biochemical alterations were accompanied by histological changes marked by leucocytes infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation (moderate peliosis), granuloma inflammatory disorders and necrosis in hepatocytes of dams. While, slight leucocytes infiltration was shown in pups. Treatment with Ac prevented the liver damage induced by FEN, as revealed by inhibition of hepatic lipid peroxidation accompanied by an improvement of liver histopathological changes, CAT and GPx activities except GSH and SOD which were not modified. It could be concluded that A. campestris is promising a protective agent against hepatotoxicity during the exposure to fenthion.