水体营养水平及附着藻类对苦草生长的影响

为研究不同水体营养水平及附着藻类对沉水植物生长的影响,选择苦草(Vallisneria natans)作为研究对象,在4种水体营养水平下进行42 d的室内试验。结果表明:试验结束时,中营养及富营养处理组苦草的相对生长率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和附着藻类生物量与贫营养及重富营养处理组具有显著性差异(P<0.05);贫营养处理组苦草的可溶性糖含量显著高于其它处理组(P<0.05);苦草氮磷含量及可溶性蛋白含量与水体营养水平呈明显正相关,且贫营养及中营养处理组与富营养及重富营养处理组之间差异显著(P<0.05);各处理组水体叶绿素a含量差异不明显。表明在中营养(TN=0.8 mg/L,TP=0.08 mg/L)条件下,苦草的生长情况最佳。     

质膜透性与丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化评价甘蔗品种抗旱性初探

通过水分胁迫下丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量与质膜透性的变化,以及模拟大田自然干旱环境下的生长、生产表现。初步评价了来自全国９个品种的耐旱、丰产性。经试验分析,认为福农８１－７４５、云蔗８９－１５１、桂糖８９－５、粤糖８６－３６８、云蔗８１－１７３、闽糖８８－１０３、桂糖１１、川蔗８１－５４８的耐旱、丰产性均优于新台糖１０（ＣＫ１）。其中云蔗８９－１５１、桂糖８９－５、福农８１－７４５的耐旱、丰产性与桂糖１１相当。     

The effect of different concentrations of linseed oil or fish oil in the maternal diet on the fatty acid composition and oxidative status of sows and piglets

N‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for foetal development. Hence, including n‐3 PUFA in the sow diet can be beneficial for reproduction. Both the amount and form (precursor fatty acids vs. long chain PUFA) of supplementation are important in this respect. Furthermore, including n‐3 PUFA in the diet can have negative effects, such as decreased arachidonic acid (ARA) concentration and increased oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare the efficacy to increase eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in the piglet, when different concentrations of linseed oil (LO, source of precursor α‐linolenic acid) or fish oil (FO, source of EPA and DHA) were included in the maternal diet. Sows were fed a palm oil diet or a diet including 0.5% or 2% LO or FO from day 45 of gestation until weaning. Linoleic acid (LA) was kept constant in the diets to prevent a decrease in ARA, and all diets were supplemented with α‐tocopherol acetate (150 mg/kg) and organic selenium (0.4 mg/kg) to prevent oxidative stress. Feeding 0.5% LO or 0.5% FO to the sows resulted in comparable EPA concentrations in the 5‐day old piglet liver, but both diets resulted in lower EPA concentrations than when 2% LO was fed. The highest EPA concentration was obtained when 2% FO was fed. The DHA level in the piglet liver could only be increased when FO, but not LO, was fed to the sows. The 2% FO diet had no advantage over the 0.5% FO diet to increase DHA in the piglet. Despite the constant LA concentration in the sow diet, a decrease in ARA could not be avoided when LO or FO were included in the diet. Feeding 2% FO to the sows increased the malondialdehyde concentration (marker for lipid peroxidation) in sow plasma, but not in piglets.     

入侵杂草曼陀罗对作物化感机理的初步研究

通过室内培养皿法研究了曼陀罗叶水浸提液对油菜、辣椒和苋菜一些生理生化的化感影响.结果表明,曼陀罗浸提液对作物动苗SOD活性有低促高抑的作用.曼陀罗浸提液抑制油菜幼苗POD活性,而提高辣椒和苋菜POD活性.同时,浸提液提高了3种作物幼苗MDA含量.低质量浓度曼陀罗浸提液提高了苋菜和辣椒根系活力,而各质量浓度的曼陀罗浸提液...     

淹水胁迫对苦瓜幼苗生长、丙二醛含量和SOD活性的影响

以台湾玉华苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)为试材,研究淹水时间对苦瓜幼苗生长、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。结果表明,淹水4 d时,玉华苦瓜幼苗的各项指标与对照差异不显著;淹水8 d后,株高显著低于对照,MDA含量、SOD活性显著高于对照;淹水12 d后,株高、叶片数显著低于对照,MDA含量、SOD活性显著高于对照。说明玉华苦瓜对涝渍胁迫的抵抗能力有限,生理受到伤害,生长受到抑制。     

Overproduction of reactive oxygen species involved in the pathogenicity of Fusarium in potato tubers

Differences in virulence between Fusarium sulphureum and Fusarium sambucinum were compared. Changes in reactive oxygen species production and metabolism in inoculated slices of potato tubers were also compared. The result showed that Fusarium infection induced significant production of ROS, lipid peroxidation and loss of cell membrane integrity, but low activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Compared to F. sambucinum, F. sulphureum led larger lesion diameters on potato tubers and slices. It resulted in more superoxide anion ($O_2^{-}$) and earlier peak of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), but lower activity of catalase (CAT) and APX, and accompanied with higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lower cell membrane integrity. These findings suggested that overproduction of ROS involved in the pathogenicity of Fusarium in potato tubers.     

高粱靶斑病菌粗毒素对高粱胚根生长及胚根细胞膜透性的影响

为了揭示高粱靶斑病菌的致病机理,用不同浓度病原菌粗毒素处理高粱种子L407B和Tx622B,测定其胚根生长抑制率、电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,探讨高粱靶斑病菌粗毒素对高粱不同品种胚根生长及胚根细胞膜透性的影响。结果表明,病菌粗毒素对高粱胚根生长有明显的抑制作用。在同一毒素浓度下,处理后2天,处理组胚根的相对电导率和MDA含量均高于对照组;同一处理时间内,不同浓度毒素处理后胚根相对电导率和MDA含量均高于对照组。说明高粱靶斑病菌毒素能降低高粱胚根细胞膜透性,且不同高粱品种间差异显著。     

遮阴对10种野生观赏植物生长及生理特性的影响

为了探讨野生观赏植物在遮阴条件下的生态适应性及寻求适度的遮阴比例,选取兰州地区10种野生观赏植物为试验材料,比较测定不同光强生境(全光照、25%、50%、70%遮光率)对10种野生观赏植物生长和生理生化的影响。结果表明,角茴香(Hypecoum erectum)和驴蹄草(Caltha palustris)含水率随着遮阴度的增加而增加,小花草玉梅(Anemone rivularis)在75%遮阴度时干重最大,显著高于其余遮阴处理及全光照(CK)(P0.05);藤本铁线莲(Clematis florida)可溶性糖含量随着遮阴度的增加而减少,鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)、角茴香、水杨梅(Geum aleppicum)和驴蹄草的叶绿素含量随着遮阴度的增加而增加;东方草莓(Fragaria orientalis)、角茴香和驴蹄草在全光照下丙二醛的含量显著高于其它处理(P0.05),香青(Anaphalis sinica)和水杨梅在75%遮阴度下丙二醛含量较高。综上所述,香青、莓叶委陵菜(Potentilla chinensis)、藤本铁线莲和野棉花(A.vitifolia)比较适合全光照生长;鹅绒委陵菜、小花草玉梅、东方草莓、角茴香和水杨梅可以忍耐适当的遮阴环境;驴蹄草适合在遮阴条件下生长。     

外源NO对盐胁迫下沙打旺种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

本研究以沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)种子为材料,硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)为外源NO供体,测定不同浓度(30、60、90、120、150、200、300μmol·L~(-1))SNP处理盐胁迫(0.3%)下沙打旺的种子萌发和幼苗生长,以此探讨NaCl胁迫下外源NO在沙打旺种子萌发和幼苗生长过程中的生理调节功能。结果表明,沙打旺种子和幼苗经SNP处理后,除300μmol·L~(-1) SNP处理对盐胁迫下沙打旺种子萌发和幼苗生长起到一定的抑制作用外,其余SNP处理组均能不同程度地减缓盐胁迫造成的损伤;60μmol·L~(-1)SNP能显著降低盐胁迫对沙打旺种子造成的伤害(P0.05),该处理下沙打旺种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长较单盐对照分别提高了54.5%、22.6%、58.2%、112.0%、43.7%,并且接近或略高于空白对照;120μmol·L~(-1)SNP明显减轻了盐对沙打旺幼苗的胁迫(P0.05),沙打旺幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性分别较单盐对照提高了208.91%、117.565%、40.24%和89.95%,丙二醛含量降低了32.55%。综上所述,适宜浓度的外源NO能够提高盐胁迫下沙打旺种子的萌发,促进幼苗叶绿素的合成,降低丙二醛含量,减少膜脂过氧化产物,保护叶绿体膜的完整性,提高SOD、CAT和POD活性,抑制过氧化物和自由基的积累,加快幼苗生长,从而缓解盐胁迫对沙打旺幼苗的伤害。     

蝴蝶兰叶片对低温胁迫的生理响应

以3个蝴蝶兰品种(系)(耐冷品种婚宴,不耐冷品种聚宝,中等耐冷性新品系ZD-1)为试验材料,经预处理后,测定各材料在低温(10℃、5℃和0℃)下处理12、24和48 h后叶片相对电导率、叶片中可溶性糖和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性.结果表明:随着胁迫程度的加深,蝴蝶兰叶片的相对电导率和MDA含量逐渐增加,可作为蝴蝶兰耐冷性的鉴定指标;可溶性糖含量的变化无明显规律;CAT和SOD酶活性随着胁迫程度的加深先增大后减小;APX活性则呈持续增加趋势,也可作为蝴蝶兰耐冷性的鉴定指标;耐冷性品种婚宴在一定程度低温胁迫条件下能通过自身酶系统的保护,减少活性氧对其的伤害,而不耐冷品种聚宝的自身酶系统的保护能力较差.