酵母培养物水溶物对丙二醛损伤的离体草鱼肠道黏膜细胞的保护作用

在培养液中加入不同浓度(4.94、9.89 μmol/L)的丙二醛(MDA)及酵母培养物水溶物,观察酵母培养物水溶物不同浓度(50、100、200 mg/L)、不同作用时间(3、6、9、12 h)下MDA损伤的离体草鱼肠道黏膜细胞生长、形态及相关酶活力的变化,以研究酵母培养物水溶物对MDA损伤的离体草鱼肠道黏膜细胞的保护作用.结果表明:培养液中添加4.94或9.89μmol/LMDA均显著抑制了离体草鱼肠道黏膜细胞生长(P＜0.05),致使贴壁细胞减少、细胞膜通透性增加,导致胞内酶漏出及细胞抗氧化酶活力降低.培养液中添加50、100、200 mg/L酵母培养物水溶物9h后可显著地促进细胞生长及提高细胞总蛋白含量(P＜0.05),改善细胞生长状态,其中以添加100 mg/L酵母培养物水溶物对4.94 μmol/L MDA损伤细胞的保护效果较好,其细胞生长状态能达到正常组水平.培养液中添加50、100、200酵母培养物水溶物能一定程度地降低培养液中MDA浓度,同时能降低MDA导致的细胞内酶漏出,提高MDA损伤的细胞抗氧化能力.由结果可知,对于4.94、9.89 μmol/L MDA对草鱼肠道黏膜细胞产生的损伤,培养液中添加50、100、200 mg/L酵母培养物水溶物12 h内对细胞均有保护作用,其中以添加100 mg/L酵母培养物水溶物对4.94 μmol/L MDA损伤细胞的保护作用最佳,使细胞生长状态接近正常组水平.酵母培养物水溶物可能通过增强细胞抗氧化能力途径起到对草鱼离体肠道黏膜细胞的保护作用.     

饲料中高浓度黄曲霉毒素B_1在凡纳滨对虾幼虾体内的残留及其影响

为了考察饲料中高浓度黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei幼虾肝胰腺的影响,在水温为(28.06±0.09)℃的条件下,给体质量为(0.30±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾投喂每千克饲料中含黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)为1600μg的饲料,对照组饲喂正常配合饲料,每组设3个平行,饲喂8周后取样,测定AFB1及其代谢产物黄曲霉毒素M1(AFM1)在幼虾肝胰腺、肠道、肌肉中的残留量,以及肝胰腺和血淋巴中的生化指标,并观察肝小管的显微结构。结果表明:幼虾持续8周摄入含高浓度AFB1的饲料时,肝胰腺中AFB1的残留量(2.11μg/kg)高于肠道残留量(0.11μg/kg),肌肉中未检测到残留量;同样,肝胰腺中AFM1的残留量(0.32μg/kg)高于肠道残留量(0.05μg/kg),肌肉中未检测到残留量;试验组幼虾肝胰腺中丙二醛(MDA)含量(62.60 nmol/mg)显著高于对照组(21.38 nmol/mg)(P0.05),但两组血淋巴中MDA含量无显著性差异(P0.05);试验组幼虾肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(26.25 U/mg)显著低于对照组(36.70 U/mg)(P0.05),但两组血淋巴中SOD活性无显著性差异(P0.05);对照组幼虾肝胰腺中活性氧(ROS)含量显著高于试验组(P0.05);试验组幼虾血淋巴中酚氧化酶(PO)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。从切片显微结构观察可见,幼虾肝胰腺细胞受到损伤,损伤规律为近消化道损伤严重,逐渐向肝胰腺边缘扩散,表现为肝胰腺细胞紧缩,出现空泡区,食道周围肝细胞消失,严重的仅残留肝小管,甚至肝小管消失。研究表明,长时间投喂含有高浓度AFB1的饲料,凡纳滨对虾幼虾的肝胰腺受损且某些代谢生化指标受到不同程度的影响,同时在肝胰腺和肠道有黄曲霉毒素残留。     

极低频高压脉冲电场对萌发绿豆干旱伤害的缓解作用

采用峰值场强为100 kV·m^-1、脉宽80 ms、脉冲频率为1 Hz的极低频高压脉冲电场（ELF-PEF）处理-0.1 MPa的PEG-6000溶液中萌发的绿豆种子,研究了绿豆在萌发过程中鲜重、自发发光、延迟发光、丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。结果表明,ELF-PEF对PEG胁迫下萌发的绿豆鲜重、自发发光和延迟发光积分强度促进作用分别达到了28.58%、78.35%和40.6%,说明ELF-PEF可以有效促进绿豆种子萌发过程中的生理代谢,缓解干旱胁迫对细胞的伤害作用。ELF-PEF通过提高PEG胁迫下萌发绿豆中SOD活性,降低MDA含量,缓解干旱胁迫对萌发绿豆的氧化损伤,ELF-PEF对细胞毛细吸水和代谢吸水的促进可能是其缓解干旱伤害的原因。     

水分胁迫对覆膜滴灌棉花根系活力和叶片生理的影响

采用田间试验法,分析不同程度水分胁迫条件下棉花花铃期根尖根系活力、叶片叶绿素、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量变化,并对叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛含量和根系活力与土壤含水率进行相关性分析。试验以60 cm土层田间持水量的105%、100%、95%、90%、85%、80%为灌溉上限,共设6个灌水梯度,即5 400、4 950、4 500、3 750、2 850 m³/hm²和2 550 m³/hm²。结果表明：单株叶片干重及叶面积、地上部干生物量、株高、叶绿素含量随灌水量的减少而降低,根冠比随灌水量的减少而增加。脯氨酸及丙二醛含量随灌水量的降低而升高,且与土壤含水率呈负相关关系,相关系数（r）分别为-0.704和-0.667;根系活力随灌水量的降低而降低,与土壤含水率呈正相关关系,其相关系数为0.67。当灌水上限为95%,即灌水量为4 500 m³/hm²时,作物表现出轻微的水分胁迫,随灌溉量的继续降低,胁迫加重。植物体内脯氨酸、丙二醛含量及根系活力与土壤含水率的相关关系在一定程度上可以用来表征棉花受干旱程度,可为棉花的灌溉管理提供参考依据。     

Cadmium Accumulation and Its Toxicity in Brittle Culm 1(bc1),a Fragile Rice Mutant

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation and toxicity in rice plants were characterized and identified by using brittle culm 1 (bc1), a fragile rice mutant and its wild type (Shuangkezao, an indica rice) as materials by hydroponics. The low Cd level didn't obviously affect the growth parameters in both rice genotypes, but under high Cd levels (1.0 and 5.0 μmol/L), the growth of both rice plants were substantially inhibited. Moreover, bc1 tended to suffer more seriously from Cd toxicity than Shuangkezao. Cd accumulation in both rice plants increased with the increase of Cd levels. There was a significant difference in Cd accumulation between the two rice genotypes with constantly higher Cd concentration in bc1, which also accumulated more Cd at 0, 0.1, and 1.0 μmol/L Cd levels. The same case was found in the two rice plants grown on Cd-contaminated soil. This suggested that cell wall might play an important role in Cd accumulation in rice plants by the physiological mechanisms. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities in rice plants were affected differently under Cd treatments, and which implied that POD might play the main role in detoxifying active oxygen free radical. A significant difference in antioxidative system between the two rice genotypes was found with constantly higher MDA content, SOD and POD activities in bc1. In summary, bc1 accumulated more Cd and appeared to be more sensitive to Cd stress compared with its wild type.     

Changes in Some Red Blood Cell and Clinical Laboratory Parameters in Young and Old Beagle Dogs

Routine laboratory and lipid peroxidase parameters in the blood of Beagle dogs under 1 year of age (7 males, 7 females) and over 9 years of age (7 males, 7 females) were compared. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and haemoglobin (Hb) values, plasma total protein (TP) and globulin concentrations in the older dogs were significantly higher than in the younger ones by 13%, 6%, 10% and 15%, respectively. The plasma inorganic phosphate concentration, however, was 30% lower in the older dogs than in the young ones. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was 30% higher, while the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were around twice as high in the older dogs as in the young ones. However, in the older males the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) was 43% and in the older females 9% less than in the young ones. Extremely high levels of MDA and low levels of GSH were only found in the older males. GSH-Px and SOD activities were significantly higher in the older male dogs than in the young ones. The activities of these enzymes were highest in the older females. From our results, we suspect that old dogs, especially males, are particularly exposed to the harmful effects of free radicals and lipid peroxidation.     

种植密度和EDTA对短季棉活性氧代谢及铃重的影响

采用裂区设计，研究了种植密度和ＥＤＴＡ对短季棉活性氧代谢和铃重的影响。结果表明，随密度上升，短季棉功能叶中ＳＯＤ活性、ＭＤＡ含量分别呈显著下降和增高趋势，幼蕾、花中ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ活性呈下降趋势。但密度在６万～９万株·ｈｍ－２范围内，随密度增加并不会导致幼蕾、花中ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ活性的显著下降。ＥＤＴＡ减缓了功能叶中ＳＯＤ活性下降和脂质过氧化产物的积累，提高叶绿素和蛋白质含量，延缓叶片衰老；增强幼蕾、花中ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性，具增铃增铃重的效果。同时，密度在９万株·ｈｍ－２时，ＥＤＴＡ的增铃重效应较佳，且总铃数和伏桃比例也高     

腹水综合征肉鸡氧自由基变化规律

利用自然病例，采取分组（对照组，轻度腹水综合征组和重度腹水综合征组）对比的方法，分别用硫代巴比妥酸法和羟胺法测定了肉鸡血清和主要组织（心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏）丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性。结果表明，与对照组肉鸡比较，轻度腹水综合征组肉鸡血清和主要组织MDA含量降低（P＜0．05）或显著降低（P＜0．01），SOD活性升高（P＜0．05）或显著升高（P＜0．01）；而重度腹水综合征组肉鸡血清和主要组织MDA含量升高（P＜0．05）或显著升高（P＜0．01），SOD活性显著降低（P＜0．01）。间接证明了氧自由基和氧化损伤参与了肉鸡腹水综合征的病理过程，氧自由基产生水平与肉鸡腹水综合征病情的轻重有关。     

14种耐荫植物对兰州市特殊空间的适应性研究

通过对引种栽培在兰州市特殊空间生态环境的14种耐荫植物的叶绿素和膜脂过氧化指标—丙二醛(MDA)含量的测试研究。结果表明,(1)兰州市城建绿化引进栽培的14种耐荫植物的耐荫能力均有所提高;在本地耐荫能力强弱的顺序是:藤本植物为小叶扶芳藤、金银花、五叶地锦、中华常春藤、三叶地锦、鹅绒藤;地被植物为宽叶麦冬、八宝景天、蓍草、玉簪、小冠花、紫花地丁、松塔景天、德国景天。(2)叶绿素a/b值是高原地区界定和评价植物耐荫性强弱的最为可靠和准确的直接指标;a/b值的大小与MDA含量的高低呈正相关,是抗逆性指标中最重要的参数。