有机铬对奶牛的作用

奶牛在妊娠晚期、产奶早期、高温时期和运输过程中处于极度应激的状态下,生产性能、免疫力、繁殖性能均受到影响。近年来研究发现有机铬对缓解奶牛应激有显著的作用,本文将就此作一综述。     

控光增绒技术在辽宁绒山羊中应用效果观察

2010～2012年,辽宁省畜牧科学研究院先后在本院科技示范场、凤城市绒山羊养殖户,开展了辽宁绒山羊控光增绒试验,设置了不同控光时间的试验组以及相应的对照组,以期验证该项技术在辽宁地区和辽宁绒山羊生产中的应用效果。试验结果表明,该项技术对辽宁绒山羊增绒效果不明显,达不到一年两次剪绒、提高产绒量的目的,建议谨慎将该项技术应用于辽宁地区辽宁绒山羊生产中。     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

吉林省主要粮食作物比较优势分析

根据比较优势理论，应用综合比较优势指数法对吉林省玉米、水稻、大豆三种主要粮食作物在1997-2005年间的比较优势变动趋势进行了分析，其结果表明：三种作物中，玉米具有明显的比较优势，大豆次之，水稻则处于劣势，但呈现出稳步上升的趋势；并在此基础上提出了吉林省主要粮食作物结构调整的建议。     

Hydrogen peroxide produced by a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk with high electrical conductivity in dairy cows

In dairy cows, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) produced from a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk from inflamed quarters was lower than that in milk from un‐inflamed quarters. In milk of delivery grade, characteristics of H₂O₂ production in milk with high electrical conductivity (EC) were examined in this study. Milk samples were collected from a total of 230 cows at 1‐month intervals, and the EC of skimmed milk was determined. Based on the highest and the lowest EC of a cow's quarter milk, the inter‐quarter difference of ≥0.6 mS/cm (mean + t_0.01 SE) was taken as a high EC. Milk with high EC was found in 52 quarters. In cows with milk of high EC, H₂O₂ production in milk with normal EC was higher than that in milk with high EC in the same animal but was lower than that in the control population. In milk with high EC, the decrease of H₂O₂ production correlated with the increase in EC. The production of H₂O₂ decreased in particular when the inter‐quarter difference exceeded 0.8 mS/cm. In milk collected from the same quarter 1 month before, EC changed from normal to high, and H₂O₂ production decreased. In milk from the other three quarters, EC remained normal and H₂O₂ production remained unchanged. We concluded that milk with high EC appeared in low H₂O₂‐producing cows. The results suggest that the degree of decrease in H₂O₂ production reflects the extent of quarter abnormality.     

AMPK对动物营养代谢的调节作用

AMPK是一种能被腺苷一磷酸(AMP)激活的蛋白激酶。该酶的作用底物包括β—羟基—β甲基—戊二酸单酰CoA还原酶(HMGR) ,乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC) ,激素敏感脂酶(HSL) ,糖原合成酶。当细胞能量被耗竭、腺苷一磷酸/腺苷三磷酸比(AMP/ATP)增加时 ,AMPK被活化 ,继而通过调节上述底物酶而改变脂类和碳水化合物代谢 ,使其朝着抑制ATP消耗过程、促进ATP生成反应的方向进行 ,从而使细胞能量得到迅速恢复。AMPK的这种“燃料开关“作用在动物抵御和适应环境应激的过程中起着重要作用。AMPK可能参与家畜应激营养代谢及营养代谢疾病的调节     

论中国的肉牛育种问题

中国是世界养牛大国，也是第三大牛肉生产国，然而还未有自己培训的专门化肉牛品种。肉牛育种问题十分迫切。中国的肉牛育种有良好的黄牛选育基础，特别是母牛基础较好。着重肉用性能选育、瞄准国际先进水平是由役用黄牛培育专门化肉牛的基本技术路线。按肉用指数（BPI）衡量，目前较多黄牛品种还处于“役肉兼用”阶段，个别是黄牛品种（母牛）可达到“肉役兼用”水平。“本品种选育、适量导血”可能是培育我国特色专门化肉牛新品种的较快而稳妥的途径。育种核心目标可以包括保留黄牛若干特征性状，但关键指标是使其BPI达到一定水平；公牛5．6，母牛4．0，以参于国际竞争，并支撑我国肉牛产业持续、健康发展。培育条件是选育肉牛新品种的极大限制因素，应大力加强。     

Spectral Doppler ultrasound in the major arteries of normal conscious immature micropigs

Spectral waveform analysis of blood flow velocity in the major arteries of six healthy, conscious immature micropigs was determined using Doppler ultrasonography. Doppler spectral tracings were recorded from the external iliac artery, femoral artery, and renal arcuate artery. Tracings were also taken from three parts of the common carotid artery and two parts of the abdominal aorta. Spectral Doppler parameters included peak systolic velocity, early diastolic velocity, peak systolic velocity-to-end diastolic velocity ratio, resistive index, and pulsatility index. In addition, the diameter of major arteries and indirect blood pressure were measured. These results from spectral Doppler analysis in major arteries may be useful as reference ranges in the future studies of vascular hemodynamics in immature micropigs.     

已形成产业化格局的苍溪毛兔业

苍溪县近年来抓住毛兔产业西移的契机 ,采取增投入、普科技、抓饲料、建市场、扶龙头、强领导等措施大力发展长毛兔。一个市场牵龙头 ,龙头连基地 ,基地带农户的大产业 ,大规模 ,大流通 ,大市场 ,大效益的毛兔产业化发展格局已基本形成。 1 999年底 ,全县存栏毛兔 2 0 1 5万只 ,产毛 95 8吨 ,兔业产值达 1 6亿元 ,占牧业总产值的 2 9 4 % ,兔业创税 1 0 0 0余万元。通过养兔 ,全县已有 8 5万余农户摆脱贫困 ,走上了富裕之路     

我国西部地区肉牛产业化发展的思路与对策

分析了西部地区肉牛产业化发展的限制因素,提出了加速我国西部地区肉牛产业化发展的对策与思路,推行品种良种化、技术先进化、管理企业化的生产模式,促进肉牛生产向优质、高产、高效和持续性的产业化方向发展。