Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid requirement of juvenile rock bream,Oplegnathus fasciatus

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the optimum dietary level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) based on growth and non‐specific immune responses in juvenile rock bream. A basal diet without EPA supplementation was used as a control, and six other diets were prepared by supplementing with 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 or 40 g of EPA per kg diet. The actual EPA concentrations of the diets were 0.5, 4.3, 8.5, 13.0, 16.8, 21.0 and 41.2 g of EPA per kg diet, and the diets were abbreviated as EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5, EPA_13.0, EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2, respectively. Triplicate groups of fish averaging 1.06 ± 0.01 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the seven experimental diets at the apparent satiation for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency of fish fed EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5 and EPA_13.0 diets (p < .05). Superoxide dismutase activity of fish fed EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3 and EPA_8.5 diets. Fish fed EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets showed significantly higher lysozyme activity than did fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5 and EPA_13.0 diets. The broken‐line analysis of weight gain indicated that the optimum dietary EPA level was 16.7 g/kg diet. These results suggested that the optimum dietary EPA level in juvenile rock bream could be greater than 16.7 g/kg diet but less than or equal to 16.8 g/kg diet based on the broken‐line analysis and the ANOVA test of weight gain.     

Improvement in recruitment of Japanese sardine with delays of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Sea of Japan

To evaluate the impact of temporal variation of primary productivity on the recruitment of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) in the Sea of Japan, the phenology of sea surface phytoplankton abundance was estimated from 8 day multiple satellite (SeaWiFS, MODIS‐Aqua, MERIS, and VIIRS) derived sea surface chlorophyll (SSChl) a concentrations from January 1998 to December 2015. Because relationships between SSChl a and in situ chlorophyll a concentrations were significantly different among periods based on the satellite combinations used, maximum and minimum SSChl a concentrations of 1 year were relativized as 1 and 0, respectively. Spatio‐temporal variation of relativized SSChl a concentrations was determined by using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Scores in the first EOF mode denoted the basin‐scale variations of SSChl a concentrations in the Sea of Japan, and the major peak from the end of February to the end of May displayed the spring bloom. The logarithm of recruitment per spawner (LNRPS) for sardine was positively affected by delays in the start and end dates of the spring phytoplankton bloom. The delay of the date of the lowest sea surface temperature contributed to the delay of the end of the spring bloom during the period 1998–2015 and elevated the LNRPS during the period 1982–2015. Sardine spawns in the southern Sea of Japan from April to May, hence, delays of the spring bloom prolonged its overlap with sardine larval periods, and thus improved the recruitment of Japanese sardine in the Sea of Japan.     

脊尾白虾翻译控制肿瘤蛋白基因TCTP克隆及自噬调控相关基因在卵巢发育期的表达

为深入了解脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)卵巢发育和卵黄蛋白原发生的分子机制,本研究克隆得到脊尾白虾翻译控制肿瘤蛋白基因TCTP,并结合自噬调控基因TCTP、Hif-1α、Beclin1和Bcl-2在卵巢发育期的表达水平,阐释脊尾白虾卵黄蛋白原合成过程中的分子调控特征。研究显示,脊尾白虾TCTP基因c DNA全长为732 bp,编码168个氨基酸,具有典型的TCTP1和TCTP2功能域以及PKC和TKⅡ等mTOR信号通路相关的磷酸化位点。同时发现,甲壳动物TCTP普遍缺乏在其他动植物中高度保守的C末端的cys残基。进化分析显示,脊尾白虾TCTP与中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)亲缘关系最近。4种自噬调控基因在脊尾白虾卵巢发育期的表达结果显示,肝胰腺TCTP基因从增殖期到产后恢复期呈递减趋势;肝胰腺Hif-1α、Beclin1和Bcl-2基因表达趋势相似,即从增殖期到小生长期高表达,大生长期极显著下降,表达量最低(P0.01),这与外源性卵黄蛋白原的合成趋势大致相反。这些自噬调控基因可能通过自噬作用共同调节外源性卵黄蛋白原的合成。卵巢TCTP基因在小生长期表达量最高;卵巢Hif-1α基因从增殖期到产后恢复期持续升高,这与内源性卵黄蛋白原表达趋势相似;卵巢Beclin1基因在大生长期表达量最高,与脊尾白虾卵巢Ec R表达趋势相似,与卵巢Bcl-2基因表达趋势相反,这些自噬调控基因可能通过自噬作用共同促进内源性卵黄蛋白的合成。本研究表明,自噬调控基因TCTP、Hif-1α、Beclin1和Bcl-2在脊尾白虾卵巢发育时期相互协调共同作用,可能通过自噬作用调节脊尾白虾卵黄蛋白原的合成和卵巢发育。     

Evidence for long‐term spatial displacement of breeding and pupping harbour seals by shellfish aquaculture over three decades

• 1. Shellfish mariculture is increasing worldwide and often occurs adjacent to marine mammal breeding and feeding habitat. To better understand breeding pinniped vulnerability to potential shellfish mariculture disturbance and displacement effects in a US National Park, potential mechanisms were explored that may affect the proportion of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) selecting high quality haul‐out sites near shellfish aquaculture within a large colony, and overall seal utilization of that colony in relation to other regional colonies.
• 2. Seal haul‐out sites isolated from the mainland (no predator access) had higher pup:adult ratios, indicating they are generally more important for pupping. Short‐term human disturbance did not have a significant effect on spatial use, but rather spatial use was pre‐determined by general sandbar isolation. Using multiple competing hypothesis and an information‐theoretic approach, it was found that within the estuary, after removing effects of El Niño, the proportion of seals (total seals and pups only) hauled out near mariculture sites was 8 ± 2% lower during years of higher oyster harvest. Annual oyster harvest was used as a measure of aquaculture activity that could result in direct disturbance or indirect displacement of harbour seals.
• 3. At the regional scale, oyster harvest, seal counts at a nearby colony, and loss of a major haul‐out site within the estuary, best explained pup and total seal use compared with the region. Regional population size, short‐term human disturbance rate, and other factors were not important. Concurrent with higher oyster harvest, the proportion of regional seals using the estuary declined by 7 ± 2% for seal pups (–65 ± 18 total pups), and 5 ± 2% for total counts ( ? 192 ± 58 total seals). These findings (both within the estuary and at the regional scale) were essentially identical whether modelling oyster harvest as either a continuous or categorical (low/high) variable and when using either frequentist or Bayesian statistical analyses.
• 4. Marine reserves set aside for wildlife may be less effective when the highest quality breeding and pupping sites are adjacent to regular aquaculture activities. These effects may not be detectable until additional natural variation lowers the quality of nearby habitats. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

     

‘烟富3号’苹果不同采收期果实品质和香气物质含量分析

对着色系优系富士‘烟富3号’品种不同采收期的果实品质和香气物质含量进行了测定分析,结果表明：在10月5日至10月26日期间,随采收时间的延迟,可溶性固形物含量由13.2%增加到15.2%,可溶性糖由9.977%增加到12.967%,可滴定酸含量由0.252 mmol/g逐渐下降至0.164 mmol/g;VC含量则先增加后下降,10月26日采收的果实中VC含量仅为19日的26.7%;10月5日采摘的果实中仅检测出18种香气物质,总含量6.581μg/g,26日采摘的果实中检测出香气物质32种,总含量达到了45.770μg/g;适当延迟采收时间有利于增加可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、香气成分种类和总量,提高果实的风味和品质;在烟台地区,10月20日应该是‘烟富3号’苹果最佳食用的采摘期。     

克氏原螯虾烂尾病病原的分离鉴定及其相关特性分析

为研究克氏原螯虾烂尾病病原种类及其相关特性,从患病虾尾部病灶分离出2种具有不同菌落形态和色泽的代表菌株,分别编号LW2047-1和LW2047-2,经人工感染试验确定病原菌为菌株LW2047-2.对菌株LW2047-2进行细菌学观察,分析形态特征和生理生化特性,并对16S rRNA和gyrB基因测序分析,最终将其鉴定为...     

6个不同水域刀鲚的形态特征与聚类分析

为研究刀鲚(Coilia nasus)不同水域形态特点和分布特点,运用多元统计方法对嵊泗群体(嵊泗海域)、长江流域群体(长江河口、长江泰州段与鄱阳湖)和湖泊群体(洪泽湖与巢湖)的刀鲚24个形态性状指标进行形态差异性分析。单因素方差分析结果显示,各群体之间除尾柄高外其余指标均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。聚类分析结果显示,长江流域群体与嵊泗群体之间形态最为接近相聚成一个类群,洪泽湖群体和巢湖群体分别形成两个类群,并运用差异系数检验显示,这三个类群之间形态多样性差异尚未达到亚种水平,属于同一种群。主成分分析提取了6个特征值大于1的形态指标,累积贡献率为75.784%,并发现各水域刀鲚形态差异表现在头胸部、腹部与尾部性状上。判别分析中,综合判别率为87.9%。研究结果表明,嵊泗群体和长江流域群体形态最为接近,说明嵊泗群体最有可能洄游进入长江;而湖泊群体与嵊泗群体、长江流域群体形态有显著差异,说明湖泊群体的刀鲚最有可能为淡水定居型长颌鲚。     

化学抗旱剂在农作物上应用试验研究

植物化学抗旱剂是一种多功能植物抗旱生长营养剂,在我省不同类型地区对粮食、蔬菜、果树等作物进行化学抗旱剂应用试验,通过对作物生理、生态和产量方面的观测分析,提出不同作物化学抗旱剂的应用技术和效果,以正确指导化学抗旱剂在农业抗旱、节水中的大面积推广应用,促进我省农业经济的可持续发展。     

中国鲎人工繁育及1龄稚鲎形态性状对体质量的影响

为了探究不同龄期中国鲎幼鲎生长特性,实验测定了2~4龄幼鲎头胸部长 (X₁)、头胸部宽 (X₂)、腹部长 (X₃)、腹部宽 (X₄)、剑尾长 (X₅)、全长 (X₆)和体重 (Y)等参数,运用相关分析和通径分析方法,探讨形态性状对体重的作用效果。结果显示,2~4龄幼鲎体重相关系数最高的形态性状均为头胸部宽 (X₂);通径分析发现,头胸部宽 (X₂)对2龄和3龄幼鲎体重直接影响最大,腹部宽 (X₄)对4龄幼鲎体重直接影响最大;各形态性状对体重决定程度分析与通径分析变化趋势一致。对2~4龄幼鲎头胸部宽和体重进行对数处理,获得异速生长方程回归系数 (b)为2.746,表明此阶段幼鲎体重增长率大于头胸部宽增长率,处于正生长期。实验表明,不同龄期阶段中国鲎苗种筛选所依据的形态性状有所差异,中国鲎幼鲎阶段种质评价应考虑其异速生长规律,同时也为探究鲎的生长与性状、结构与生理之间的关系奠定基础。