蝇蛆对蛋种鸡血清生化指标的影响

试验选用216只44周龄海兰褐蛋种鸡随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复18只,研究不同添加量的鲜蛆对蛋种鸡血液生化指标的影响。试验组（1、2、3组）在基础日粮中分别添加5、10、15g·d·^-1·只^-1麦麸培养的鲜蛆（4日龄）,对照组饲喂基础日粮。预试期1周,试验期6周。结果表明：与对照组相比,蝇蛆可显著降低试验2组蛋种鸡血清中白蛋白水平（P〈0．05）,显著降低试验3组白蛋白与球蛋白比值（P〈0．05）;并可极显著降低试验2组血清中甘油三酯含量（P〈0．05）,显著提高了试验2、3组血清中高密度脂蛋白胆IB醇含量（P〈0．01）;蝇蛆可显著提高试验3组血清中IgG的含量（P〈0．01）。     

Fishmeal replacement by mixed plant proteins and maggot meal on growth performance,target of rapamycin signalling and metabolism in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Fishmeal could only be replaced by plant proteins at limited levels in aquafeeds, especially for carnivorous fish. In this study, an experiment was designed to evaluate the possibility of improving the utilization of plant proteins by maggot meal supplementation in turbot diet. Five diets were formulated: a reference diet (FM) containing 63% fishmeal and four experimental diets (35(0%), 35(3%), 40(0%), 40(3%)) in which fishmeal was substituted at different levels by plant proteins with 0–3% maggot meal. Turbot (4.90 ± 0.03 g) was fed with these diets for 9 weeks. Fishmeal was successfully replaced by plant proteins in turbot diet without growth reduction at 35% but not 40%. However, maggot supplementation (3%) at 40% plant protein replacement level achieved comparable growth performance with that of fishmeal. Maggot meal supplementation improved apparent digestibility coefficients, plasma hydroxyproline levels, intestine trypsin activities and activated target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling, all of which were decreased or down‐regulated after high plant protein replacement. Therefore, this study demonstrated maggot meal, a potential valuable protein source for turbot.     

黑河地区大豆根潜蝇可控制技术的研究

用不同栽培方法做了4年试验研究,对大豆根潜蝇的发生情况进行调查分析,选出了可控制根潜蝇危害的适宜方法。     

蝇蛆壳聚糖制备工艺的研究

[目的]采用碱液法对蝇蛆壳聚糖的制备技术进行研究,探索最佳工艺条件。[方法]以蝇蛆壳聚糖脱乙酰度及黏均分子量为评价指标,优化制备参数。[结果]由蝇蛆甲壳素制备壳聚糖的最佳工艺为：碱浓度60%、温度100℃、时间10h。[结论]在此工艺下,可制得高脱乙酰度、高黏度、色泽洁白的蝇蛆壳聚糖。     

日粮中添加蝇蛆干对青脚麻鸡产肉性能、肉营养品质及风味物质的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加蝇蛆干对青脚麻鸡产肉性能、肉营养品质及风味物质的影响。选择1200只35日龄的青脚麻鸡公雏,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复150只。对照组饲喂不添加蝇蛆干基础日粮,试验组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上添加3%蝇蛆干。在相同条件下饲养至70日龄,每组随机抽取8只进行屠宰并分别取胸肌和腿肌样品进行测定。结果表明:①两组产肉性能优良,无显著差异(P>0.05);②与对照组相比,试验组青脚麻鸡胸肌、腿肌中粗蛋白质含量分别提高了8.8%和4.4%(P<0.05),总氨基酸含量分别提高了11.0%和2.3%(P<0.05);试验组青脚麻鸡肉中肉豆蔻烯酸、十五烷酸相对含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);③与对照组相比,试验组青脚麻鸡胸肌、腿肌中鲜味氨基酸含量分别提高了11.9%和3.5%,胸肌中肌苷酸含量显著提高了21.1%(P<0.05);试验组青脚麻鸡肉中测出双戊烯、1-甲氧基-2-丙酮、3-壬酮和乳酸異丁酯4种特有的挥发性风味物质,且香味呈味物醛类和1-辛烯-3-醇的含量明显高于对照组。由此可知,日粮中额外添加3%蝇蛆干能提高青脚麻鸡肉中粗蛋白质、氨基酸、鲜味物质和挥发性香味物质的含量,对于生产营养风味俱佳的青脚麻鸡具有一定的促进作用。     

新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响

在基础饲料中以新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代基础饲料中20％、40％、60％、80％、100％的鱼粉,制成6种等氮等能的饲料(分别记为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,Ⅵ为对照组),饲养泥鳅50 d,通过比较各饲料组泥鳅的生长性能和抗氧化指标,研究新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响.试验结果表明,随着饲料中新型蝇蛆...     

Effect of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on the performance, concentration of plasma glucose, cortisol and blood characteristics of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings

A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to access the effect of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on the performance, concentration of plasma glucose, cortisol and blood characteristics of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Seven feeds formulated to contain 36% protein and 20 kJ g⁻¹ gross energy (dry matter basis), were prepared by replacing fish meal with magmeal. Fifteen fingerlings (initial average weight 2.0 ± 0.1 g) stocked per experimental tank were fed in triplicates at 5% body weight in two portions per day (a level previously established). Growth and food conversion ratio were adequate and comparable without any significant differences (p < 0.5) between feeding groups. Mean values for haematocrit and plasma glucose were not significantly different (p < 0.05) among the feeding groups. Fish group fed control diet (containing highest inclusion level of fish meal and without magmeal) gave the lowest haemoglobin concentration (5.96 ± 0.22 g dl⁻¹). This value was significantly different from other feeding groups. Stressful conditions in fish and in mammals are associated with decreased growth, haematocrit (packed cell volume) and haemoglobin values, increased whole blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) and plasma cortisol concentrations. No such physiological changes were observed in this study. Results suggest that feeding O. niloticus fingerling with magmeal diets did not cause any form of physiological stress. Magmeal can be used as a good alternative protein source in tilapia diets.     

蝇蛆粉对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验在产蛋鸡饲粮中添加蝇蛆干粉代替鱼粉,探讨其对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。结果表明:蛋鸡饲粮中添加蝇蛆干粉代替鱼粉后能提高产蛋率(P0.05)和日产蛋量(P0.05),降低蛋黄胆固醇含量(P0.05);提高了蛋黄含量和蛋黄/蛋白比率,降低了鸡蛋中的蛋白含量(P0.05)。     

韭蛆防治新方法——籽粕防治法

利用牛羊粪以及棕榈粕、花椒粕、蓖麻粕进行混合发酵(以下简称籽粕防治法),防治韭蛆,韭菜被害株率由14.8%～22.6%降为2.0%～3.4%,防治效果达84%以上,防效与毒死蜱灌根相同,但产量明显高于毒死蜱灌根,证明粕籽防治法可以替代毒死蜱灌根,进而提高韭菜的品质。     

不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平下蝇蛆蛋白替代豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋清品质及血清蛋白质代谢指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平下蝇蛆蛋白替代豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋清品质及血清蛋白质代谢指标的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选取252只产蛋率、体重相近的健康33周龄罗曼白蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组7个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组分别饲喂标准回肠可消化氨基酸(SIDAA)平衡模式下配制的不同粗蛋白质水平(16.50%、14.85%、13.20%)的玉米-豆粕-蝇蛆蛋白饲粮,各组蝇蛆蛋白与豆粕提供等量的粗蛋白质。预试期2周,正试期12周。结果表明:1)与16.50%组相比,14.85%组的产蛋率、平均蛋重、产蛋量、平均日采食量和料蛋比均无显著差异(P>0.05);13.20%组的料蛋比显著增加(P<0.05),产蛋率、产蛋量、平均蛋重和平均日采食量均显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与16.50%组相比,14.85%组的平均蛋重、蛋清重、浓蛋白重、蛋白高度、哈氏单位和蛋清比例均无显著差异(P>0.05);13.20%组的平均蛋重、蛋清重、浓蛋白重和蛋白高度显著降低(P<0.05),而蛋清比例、哈氏单位无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各组血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性及总蛋白、白蛋白、尿酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05),且输卵管膨大部组织学形态正常。由此可见,在本试验条件下,使用蝇蛆蛋白替代豆粕并使饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低至14.85%时未对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋清品质产生不良影响,但饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低至13.20%时则会产生不利影响。