新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响

在基础饲料中以新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代基础饲料中20%、40%、60%、80%、100%的鱼粉,制成6种等氮等能的饲料(分别记为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,Ⅵ为对照组),饲养泥鳅50 d,通过比较各饲料组泥鳅的生长性能和抗氧化指标,研究新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响。试验结果表明,随着饲料中新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料比例的增加,泥鳅增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)呈先上升后逐渐平稳的趋势,其中Ⅲ组达到最大值,并显著高于Ⅵ组(P<0.05)。新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代不同比例鱼粉对泥鳅肌肉的常规成分并无显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血清和肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血清和肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,泥鳅配合饲料中新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉的比例为60%时能提高泥鳅的生长性能和非特异性免疫功能。     

蝇蛆肽对大鼠生长及营养物质代谢率的影响

选取SD大鼠72只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组、2组、3组分别添加0.2%、0.5%和1.0%的蝇蛆肽,试验期为28 d,测定蝇蛆肽对SD大鼠生长和营养物质代谢率的影响。结果表明,试验期内,试验的3个组平均日增重分别比对照组提高63.71%(P<0.05)、60.48%(P<0.05)、55.65%(P<0.05),3个试验组的料重比分别比对照组降低了36.18%(P<0.05)3、1.67%(P<0.05)2、9.60%(P<0.05);试验1组各种营养物质的代谢率均有提高的趋势(P>0.05);试验2组的CP、CF、Ca、P的代谢率较对照组有显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组的CP、EE、Ca、P的代谢率较对照组有显著提高(P<0.05)。蝇蛆肽的添加量以0.5%较为适宜。     

家蝇饲养技术研究及蝇蛆在鳖养殖中的应用

试验结果表明：以麦麸、玉米粉混合饲料及猪粪育蛆，其饲料系数分别为１６７和２９３。以猪粪育蛆，麦麸和玉米粉用量减少近８０％，育蛆成本比前者降低６０％左右。以蛆饲喂出壳一个月内的稚鳖，其平均增重量约为饲喂鸡蛋黄稚鳖的３８倍。两组试验中，稚鳖平均增重量，经Ｔ测验，差异极显著。以猪粪育蛆，并以蛆饲喂稚鳖，既处理了猪粪，减少环境污染，又提高了猪粪的经济价值，值得在养殖业中推广应用。     

水稻稻秆潜蝇种群发生动态与持续控制技术研究

稻秆潜蝇为中国南方山区和半山区水稻的主要害虫。通过2000—2005年的调查试验研究,初步探明水稻稻秆潜蝇种群发生规律、影响因子与为害损失,研究提出了以成虫盛发至卵孵盛期为防治适期,秧田平均每百株有卵10粒,株危害率1%以上,大田平均每丛水稻有卵1粒,株危害率3%~5%的防治指标;明确稻秆潜蝇卵为均匀分布,幼虫为聚集型分布,建立了序贯抽样、简易“查定”和GIS监测预警技术,组建了包括数据库管理、逐步回归预测、种群动态模拟的计算机系统;改进稻秆潜蝇测报办法,提出“狠治一代压基数,巧治二代保丰收”的防治新策略及其适用的农业、物理、化学防治技术,初步形成适于中国南方特点的水稻稻秆潜蝇综合防治与可持续控制技术体系,生产应用取得显著的经济社会和生态效益。     

不同提取方法对家蝇幼虫体外抗炎活性的影响

为比较水提法、碱提法、盐提法及醇提法对家蝇幼虫体外抗炎活性的影响,以脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞为 研究对象,结合不同方法所获产物的产率、蛋白含量等,探明4 种方法所获提取物对细胞形态及TNF 琢、MCP-1 分泌 的影响。结果表明,碱提法所获产物的产率最高,其次是水提法、盐提法和醇提法;水提法所获产物的蛋白含量最高, 其次是盐提法、碱提法和醇提法;水提法所获产物的体外抗炎活性最优,其次是醇提法、盐提法和碱提法。     

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Maggot Dry on Meat Performance,Nutritional Quality and Flavor Compounds of Meat in Qingjiao Ma Chickens

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of maggot dry on meat performance,nutritional quality and flavor compounds of meat in Qingjiao Ma chickens.A total of 1200 Qingjiao Ma cocks at 35 days of age were randomly allocated to 2 groups with 4 replicates per group and 150 chickens per replicate.The chickens in control group were only fed the basic diet (without maggot dry),and those in the experiment group were fed basal diet supplemented with 3% maggot dry.The chickens in two groups were raised in the same conditions.At 70 days of age,eight cocks were randomly selected and slaughtered in each group.The results showed as follows:①The meat performance in control group and experiment group were all good,and had no significant difference (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the crude protein contents of chest and leg muscle in experiment group were increased by 8.8% and 4.4% (P<0.05),respectively,and the amino acids (especially essential amino acid) contents were increased by 11.0% and 2.3% (P<0.05),respectively;The relative contents of nutmeg acid and pentadecane acid in chest and leg muscle of experiment group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the delicious amino acid content in chest and leg muscle were increased by 11.9% and 3.5%,respectively;the inosine acid content in chest muscle of experiment group was increased by 21.1%,The four kinds of special volatile flavor substances (dipentene,methoxyacetone,3-nonanone and isobutyl lactate) of meat in experiment group were obtained,and the flavour components of aldehyde and mushroom alcohol were higher than those of control group.Therefore,dietary supplementation of 3% maggot dry could increase the contents of crude protein,amino acids,delicious substance and volatile flavour compounds,and helped to produce chickens with flavor and nutritious meats.     

Incidence of cabbage maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) infestation and plant damage in seeded Brassica fields in California's central coast

The temporal incidence of cabbage maggot, Delia radicum L. was investigated using three exclusion cage experiments, one each during spring, summer and fall, in broccoli fields as well as two surveys, one each in three broccoli fields, and sixteen turnip plantings in central coast of California. In the cage experiments, sets of broccoli plants were exposed to natural populations of D. radicum flies for ∼14-d periods after plant emergence throughout the growing season. For the surveys, soil, root samples, and yellow sticky traps were collected every week from broccoli fields to determine number of eggs, maggots, feeding-injury and adults. Only roots were sampled from turnip plantings to determine feeding-injury. In all three cage experiments, feeding injury from D. radicum maggot was less during the first 14-d than ∼15–28 d after plant emergence (DAE). In the summer and fall, feeding injury by D. radicum was less during 29–42 and 43–56 DAE than it was 15–28 DAE. In the survey of broccoli fields, a greater number of D. radicum eggs were detected starting the fourth week after planting (WAP). Similarly, an increase in number of D. radicum maggots and feeding injury was observed at fifth and sixth WAP, respectively. However, adults were abundant throughout the growing period. In the turnip survey, increase in injury from D. radicum feeding did not appear until the fifth WAP. Overall, these studies indicate that increased incidence of D. radicum was delayed by about two to three weeks after plant emergence. The implications of these results for timing of insecticide application for D. radicum in the central coast of California are discussed.     

五谷虫粗提物的抗炎效果及对小鼠免疫调节的影响

为探讨五谷虫粗提物对急性炎症的抑制效果以及对机体免疫机能的影响,利用耳肿胀法判断五谷虫粗提物对小鼠的抗炎效果,通过免疫器官指数、血清部分生化指标、血清溶血素含量及碳廓清指数的测定来考察五谷虫粗提物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明：五谷虫粗提物能够明显降低小鼠的耳肿胀程度,显著提高小鼠脾和胸腺指数,能够提高血清中球蛋白的含量,同样能够显著提高小鼠半数溶血值及吞噬指数。由此可以推断,五谷虫粗提物有抗炎作用,且能够提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

设计6种等氮等能的试验饲料,以评价不同比例的家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、抗氧化以及非特异性免疫指标的影响。选用960尾体质量为(0.56±0.03)g的凡纳滨对虾随机分为6组,分别投喂用家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉的6种饲料,替代比例(等蛋白替代)分别为0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%,记为G0、G20、G40、G60、G80和G100。45 d的养殖试验结果显示,G20~G60组凡纳滨对虾的增重率(WGR)与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),G80、G100组WGR显著降低(P<0.05)。除G40组外,各替代组凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率(SGR)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。G100组摄食量(FI)显著低于其它各组(P<0.05)。当替代水平不超过60%时,家蝇蛆粉对凡纳滨对虾的饲料系数(FCR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、蛋白质沉积率(PPV)和肝胰指数(HSI)影响不显著(P>0.05);随替代水平的继续增加,FCR和HSI显著升高,PER和PPV显著降低(P<0.05)。替代组对虾肥满度(CF)和存活率(SR)均不同程度的高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。随家蝇蛆粉替代水平的增加,全虾粗蛋白、钙(Ca)和总磷(P)含量显著升高(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),干物质和灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。各替代组对虾血清和肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),G80和G100组肝胰腺MDA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。血清酚氧化酶(PO)活性随家蝇蛆粉替代量的增加而显著降低,其中G20组显著高于其它各组(P<0.05)。肝胰腺碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性随添加量的增加而显著降低(P<0.05)。家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾的血细胞总数(THC)、血清一氧化氮(NO)含量、AKP活性和肝胰腺PO活性、NO含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。     

蝇蛆对蛋种鸡血清生化指标的影响

试验选用216只44周龄海兰褐蛋种鸡随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复18只,研究不同添加量的鲜蛆对蛋种鸡血液生化指标的影响。试验组（1、2、3组）在基础日粮中分别添加5、10、15g·d·^-1·只^-1麦麸培养的鲜蛆（4日龄）,对照组饲喂基础日粮。预试期1周,试验期6周。结果表明：与对照组相比,蝇蛆可显著降低试验2组蛋种鸡血清中白蛋白水平（P〈0．05）,显著降低试验3组白蛋白与球蛋白比值（P〈0．05）;并可极显著降低试验2组血清中甘油三酯含量（P〈0．05）,显著提高了试验2、3组血清中高密度脂蛋白胆IB醇含量（P〈0．01）;蝇蛆可显著提高试验3组血清中IgG的含量（P〈0．01）。