苯甲酸与赤霉素对中国水仙切花保鲜效果的影响

本研究以中国水仙‘金盏银台’切花为材料,在基础瓶插液（1%蔗糖）中分别添加不同浓度苯甲酸与赤霉素,通过观测切花的瓶插寿命筛选适宜的保鲜剂配方;同时测定了这一过程中切花的鲜重变化,丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）、游离脯氨酸（proline, PRO）和可溶性蛋白质的含量,超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）和过氧化氢酶（catalase, CAT）活性,分析保鲜剂发挥作用的生理生化基础。结果表明,1%蔗糖溶液添加200 mg/L苯甲酸的复合瓶插液可延长中国水仙切花瓶插寿命1.6 d;瓶插期间MDA含量呈上升趋势;瓶插过程中SOD和CAT活性、可溶性蛋白含量等高于同期对照组。1%蔗糖溶液添加200 mg/L赤霉素可延长切花瓶插寿命2.5 d;瓶插过程中SOD和POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量等高于同期对照组;但PRO含量在第15天较对照下降了40%。综合来看,1%蔗糖溶液添加200 mg/L赤霉素对中国水仙切花的保鲜效果最好。     

Life history traits and trade-offs between two species of the ascochyta blight disease complex of pea

Plant disease complexes are a playground to investigate coinfections in natural or cultivated systems. Pathogens of such complexes may affect each other through direct and/or indirect interactions and lead to changes in virulence or aggressiveness, offspring production, and transmission. As coinfections by sympatric host-pathogens can strongly influence pathogen dynamics and their evolutionary trajectories, new insights into the mechanisms of their coexistence is thus of critical importance. In order to characterize differences in ecological niches liable to explain species coexistence on the same host, the inter- and intraspecific diversity of the life history traits in natural collections of the two main pathogens (Peyronellaea (formerly Didymella) pinodes [Dp] and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella [Pmp]) of the ascochyta blight disease complex of pea was evaluated under controlled conditions. Dp strains developed 1.3 times faster and produced longer, mainly bicellular spores and in lower amounts (3.7 times less) than Pmp strains. Pmp strains were separated into two groups, one producing more pycnidiospores, mainly bicellular, with less resources, and the other with mainly unicellular ones. These three groups can be interpreted as three distinct life history strategies: pioneer colonizer (Dp), scavenger (large-spored Pmp), and intermediate (small-spored Pmp), allowing differentiation in access to and use of resources. While this experimental work provides new insight into coexistence of two species of the ascochyta blight disease complex of pea, it also raises the question of the benefit of having two distinct life history strategies for one species (Pmp).     

百合新病原菌假短孢弯孢生物学特性及其对杀菌剂的敏感性

假短孢弯孢Curvularia pseudobrachyspora是我国新记录种, 首次在龙牙百合贮藏期腐烂鳞茎上发现, 并能引起龙牙百合叶斑病?为明确其生物学特性及其对药剂的敏感性, 研究了不同碳源?氮源?pH?光照?温度等处理对病原菌菌丝生长的影响, 并采用菌丝生长速率法测定该病原菌对9种杀菌剂的敏感性?研究表明, 最适合菌丝生长的碳源为麦芽糖和木糖, 氮源为牛肉浸膏, pH为7.0~8.0, 最适温度为30℃, 致死温度为52℃, 黑暗条件有利于菌丝生长, 病原菌可以侵染马铃薯?甘薯?荠菜, 不能侵染蒜?葱?在9种参试杀菌剂中, 1%申嗪霉素SC对该病原菌的毒力最高, 相应的抑制中浓度EC50为0.012 mg/L; 68%精甲霜·锰锌WG的毒力最低, EC50为15.820 mg/L?     

小麦全蚀病菌重组酶聚合酶检测方法的建立及应用

由禾顶囊壳小麦变种Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici引起的小麦全蚀病是危害极大的小麦土传真菌病害。本研究以小麦全蚀病菌β-tubulin为靶标基因设计重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)引物Gg-RPA-F/Gg-RPA-R和RPA探针Gg-LF-Probe,结合侧流层析试纸条,建立了小麦全蚀病菌RPA快速检测方法,该方法在38℃恒温条件下30 min内完成可视化检测,摆脱PCR仪等仪器设备的限制。小麦全蚀病菌RPA快速检测方法具有较高的检测特异性,其检测极限为10 pg/μL,与普通PCR一致。此外,小麦全蚀病菌RPA快速检测方法可从土壤中快速检测到小麦全蚀病菌,具有较强的实用性。因此,本研究建立的小麦全蚀病菌RPA快速检测方法具备简便高效、实用性强的特点,为小麦全蚀病菌的快速检测和病害早期诊断提供新技术。     

羽衣甘蓝ARC1的抗体制备及蛋白表达分析

ARC1是芸薹属植物自交不亲和(Self-incompatibility,SI)信号复合体下游传递因子,特异性地介导SI信号传递。利用原核表达系统对羽衣甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var.acephala)ARC1的全长蛋白(1~663 aa,BoARC1-F)、UND结构域蛋白(1~279 aa,BoARC1-N)和ARM结构域蛋白(361~663aa,BoARC1-C)进行重组表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示这3种蛋白分别在分子量68、33和38 kD处特异性地诱导表达。利用Ni~(2+)-NTA树脂亲和层析技术获得重组蛋白。将BoARC1-C蛋白免疫小鼠并通过细胞融合技术制备单克隆抗体,获得2株单克隆抗体。交叉反应试验结果显示制备的单克隆抗体具有ARC1识别特异性。通过免疫印迹技术检测BoARC1在不同组织和不同发育阶段柱头中的表达,结果显示BoARC1特异性地在羽衣甘蓝柱头中表达,而且在开花阶段的柱头表达量最高。     

青花菜开花促进因子AGL19与整合子AGL24和SOC1的互作研究

为阐明青花菜(Brassica oleracea var.italica)开花促进因子AGL19与开花整合子AGL24和SOC1蛋白的互作机制,从青花菜中克隆了AGL19、SOC1及AGL24基因。它们分别编码221、221和214个氨基酸,均为MIKC型蛋白,并且与甘蓝、油菜、大白菜等亲缘关系较近,AGL19与SOC1同属TM3/SOC1亚家族成员。酵母双杂交表明:AGL19与AGL24蛋白能互作,激活酵母报告基因AUR1-C、HIS3、ADE2和MEL1,在QDO/X-α-Gal/Ab A平板培养基上长出蓝斑;但与SOC1蛋白不能相互作用,说明AGL19的直接靶蛋白是AGL24而非SOC1。此外,青花菜SOC1也能与AGL24蛋白互作,说明AGL19可以通过AGL24间接与SOC1相互作用。     

锐齿栎叶面积求算初探

根据对辛家山林区锐齿栎叶生长过程定期连续破坏性测定的7000余叶样,应用微机进行统计分析,建立了叶面积二重几何求算方程和叶面积与叶长、叶宽的线性回归方程,并比较了两种方法的优劣,同时用取自小陇山和火地塘林区的5500片叶样对几何求算方程的精度进行了检验,结果表明相对误差均小于4％。     

奈曼沙区樟子松生长与生态因子关系的研究

本文对奈曼铁路固沙区15龄樟子松生长状况及其与生态因子的关系研究表明,在无地下水和灌溉补给的沙丘上部,樟子松高生长速生期15龄即趋于结束;而在有地下水补给的丘间低地,正值高生长旺盛时期。立地水分状况是导致该区樟子松生长差异的主要原因,在奈曼沙区樟子松在不同立地条件下生长状况依次是丘间低地>迎风坡上部>沙丘顶部,这与各立地0～200cm沙层含水量大小相一致;4月份均温、5月份降水量是该区樟子松高生长的限制因子。     

秦岭林区锐齿栎林木个体生长分析

应用植物生长分析方法,通过破坏性取样,对锐齿栎林木的光合器官、非光合器官的生长过程以及物质生产效率进行了研究。结果表明,光合器官的增长过程与非同化器官的生长过程并不同步,锐齿栎在展叶的前２０ｄ内,主要靠消耗树体先年贮存的营养物质维持生长;展叶２０ｄ以后,生长则依赖当年的光合产物。     

Spatial distribution of needle bright disease ofPinus sylvestris var.mongolica

The spatial distribution pattern of needle bright disease was mathematically studied. The results showed that it is tally with negative binomial distribution. The infected area and damaged amount can be forecasted with this spatial distribution pattern. Through the study on probability distribution of spatial points for single tree, the method and equations for calculation of the disease index of whole forest belt were determined. (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)