明胶涂膜保持猪背最长肌冷藏期间新鲜度

与传统的包装材料相比,冷鲜肉的明胶涂膜处理具有众多优势,这也决定其具有广阔的发展前景。为研究明胶涂膜处理对生鲜肉冷藏期间氧化稳定性和新鲜度的影响。该文以猪背最长肌为材料,研究其经过不同浓度(0%、10%、20%)明胶涂膜处理后冷藏期间的加压失水率、脂肪氧化、蛋白质氧化、血红素铁、挥发性盐基氮以及肉色的变化情况。结果表明:猪背最长肌在4℃条件下冷藏第3、5和7 d时,明胶涂膜处理组的硫代巴比妥酸反应值、蛋白质羰基、血红素铁质量分数、挥发性盐基氮值、红度值以及高铁肌红蛋白质量分数分别与对照组比较,结果均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。此外,在冷藏时间相同的条件下,10%与20%明胶涂膜处理组之间均差异不显著(P0.05)。试验证实,明胶涂膜处理有益于提高冷藏期间肉品的氧化稳定性,维系理想的肉品色泽及延长其货架期。     

工程机械驾驶室舒适性设计中的低频隔振优化

为提高工程机械乘坐舒适性,针对驾驶室低频晃动问题,同时考虑隔振器垂直和水平刚度,对6自由度驾驶室隔振系统进行优化设计。提出采用激励频率为人体敏感的1～80Hz的1/3倍频程中心频率计算驾驶室质心总加权加速度均方根值的方法,以此为优化目标、隔振器刚度为设计变量建立低频隔振优化模型。以装载机驾驶室隔振系统为优化算例,建立有限元模型,结果显示优化后座椅中心处垂直方向响应振幅明显减小,驾驶室垂直和俯仰模态得到解耦;实际测试结果显示驾驶室3个方向隔振均有所改善,表明优化模型的合理性。     

Variation for plant characters and for performance of softwood cuttings of Rosa canina ‘Inermis’ seedlings

Summary Thirty, one-season-old Rosa canina Inermis seedlings (8–12 mm in diameter) were grown in the greenhouse. After 5 months, single-node softwood cuttings were made of each plant. Analysis of variance demonstrated marked differences between the internode length, number of leaflets per leaf and the leaf area of the original seedling, and between the time of axillary bud-break, axillary sprout length and weight of adventitious roots of their 23-day-old cuttings. Clonal root weight of cuttings was highly significantly correlated with: number of leaflets per leaf (r=–0.65), leaf area (r=+0.65), and days to axillary bud-break (r=+0.62). The origin of heterogeneity among Inermis seedling rootstocks, its probable effect on the flower production of cut roses and its possible use in the selection for clonal rootstocks are discussed.     

棉株形态的生物全息及其应用

研究了棉株形态上器官与器官、器官与整体的全息对应关系：叶枝与主茎、叶形与株形、裂叶与分枝、花器官与株形、叶蕾比与生长中心变化、芽分化方向与生长状态。从顶心、叶形、叶蕾比的长相诊断,早熟省工栽培以及调节异花授粉率上分析了上述全息相关的应用     

马尾松优良种源对初植密度的早期生长反应

在马尾松中心产区之一的闽西地区,利用5个马尾松优良种源在肥力中等立地上设置的种源与密度互作9年生试验林测定材料,初步研究优良种源生长对初植密度的反应式样和互作效应.结果表明,5个参试优良种源对初植密度的反应差异很大,江西崇义和福建武平种源生长对初植密度反应敏感,广西岑溪和广东高州种源生长对初植密度反应较小,而广东信宜种源的生长反应则一般.比较分析发现,广西岑溪、广东高州、广东信宜3个南部种源在1.5 m×2.0 m初植密度下树高和胸径生长量大、单位面积蓄积量高,适宜较高初植密度短周期经营,但也可在2.0 m×2.5 m较稀初植密度下实现大径材培育目标.江西崇义和福建武平两个中部种源在2.0 m×2.0 m中等初植密度下生长表现最好.马尾松种源生长分化与初植密度有关,在较密和较稀初植密度下种源生长分化较大,密植似可提高早期选择效果.研究还发现,种源×初植密度、区组×种源×密度互作显著,应针对不同立地和种源设计不同的初植密度,实现优良种源与初植密度的优化配置.     

马尾松人工林更新前后鸟类群落结构分析

采用25 m固定半径样点法,对浙江省象山县的20～30龄马尾松人工林及其受松材线虫侵袭12 a后长成的常绿阔叶林中的鸟类群落进行了调查,并结合植被结构差异方面进行了比较分析.结果显示,处于优势地位的取食集团,在马尾松林中为林下杂食鸟、可变高度食虫鸟及低层叶簇食虫鸟,在常绿阔叶林中为林下杂食鸟和中层林冠食虫鸟;在马尾松林转变为常绿阔叶林过程中,低层叶簇食虫鸟、林下杂食鸟和林下灌草丛筑巢鸟数量开始减少.马尾松林与其受侵袭产生的常绿阔叶演替林之间,记录的总物种数量分别为26和25种,鸟类物种多样性和均匀度均无显著差异,鸟类群落相似性系数达到了约0.65,这可能在于两种植被物种组成上存在一定的继承性的缘故;而马尾松林由于拥有发育良好的林下植被及相应的更多的食物资源和更为适宜的林下层取食和筑巢环境,鸟类平均多度显著更高.结果表明,拥有包括木荷幼苗在内的良好林下植被的马尾松中龄林,能在遭受松材线虫病后的10 a左右时间内迅速更新为具有郁闭林冠的以木荷为主要建群种的常绿阔叶林;在马尾松林转变为常绿阔叶林后,鸟类群落的多样性并不会下降.     

崇明岛深层土壤有机碳空间分布及碳储存特征分析

对上海崇明岛开展5种不同种植类型(粮田、菜田、果园、生态林和湿地)1m深度土壤的碳普查,应用地统计方法分析其深层土壤有机碳含量的空间分布特征,研究不同种植类型对土壤有机碳分布和储存的影响,探明土壤碳循环规律。结果表明,崇明岛深层土壤平均有机碳含量为3.94g·kg~(-1),不同深度土壤有机碳含量在8.73~1.72g·kg~(-1),有机碳储量在2.30~0.47×10~6t,耕层土壤(0-40cm)有机碳储量占总量的65.14%。不同深度土层(0-20、20-40、40-60、60-80和80-100cm)有机碳含量空间分布图表明,各层土壤有机碳含量分布特征大致相同,仅湿地土壤有机碳含量在60cm深度以下相对其它种植类型有所提高。种植类型对深层土壤有机碳分布影响显著,土壤有机碳密度大小表现为菜田粮田果园湿地生态林,土壤有机碳储量则表现为粮田湿地生态林菜田果园。     

The study on method to draw large-scale soil map in diluvial soil area in Hokkaido, using digital elevation data for a 10 m grid

(pp. 59–66)
In order to understand the detailed soil distribution of a terrace with a diluvial deposit, the method to draw a large-scale soil map was studied in Urausu Town of Sorachi district by combinig soil survey and digital elevation data for a 10 m grid.
The results are summarized as follows:

• 1) 

  From a soil survey, soils in the research area were classified into 3 soil series groups according to Classification of Cultivated Soils in Japan, Third Approximation, which were Skeletal Terrace Brown Forest Soils, Fine-textured Aquic Brown Forest Soils and Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils. In addition, Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils · were classified into 2 categories based on the abundance of gravel in the subsoil.

       

The influence of abiotic stress conditions on dough mixing characteristics of two hard red spring wheat cultivars

Two commercial hard red spring wheat cultivars were exposed to high and low temperatures, as well as drought stress when the main tiller kernels were at the soft dough stage. The trial was done in the greenhouse for two consecutive seasons to determine the effects of these stress conditions on protein content, SDS sedimentation and selected Mixsmart characteristics. Heat stress had the largest effect on mixing characteristics. Heat and drought stress caused a significant increase in flour protein content of both cultivars and had similar effects on mixing characteristics. The Mixsmart characteristics associated with dough strength were increased by heat and drought stress. Cold stress caused a slight increase in protein content of the cultivars, but in general caused a reduction in dough strength as measured with Mixsmart characteristics. The reaction of Mixsmart characteristics to heat and drought stress was much larger in Duzi than in Kariega, confirming that there is a large genotype effect in rheological characteristics.     

早熟晚粳机插秧700kg/667m~2精确定量栽培技术规程

通过对早熟晚粳稻品种武运粳19号及武2645新品种的引种试验和示范,将机插育壮秧、控行缩株适苗、麦草全量还田、精确定量施肥等技术进行集成,制订了早熟晚粳机插精确定量栽培技术规程,以期为大面积机插秧实现高产提供技术支撑。