猪粪添加稻草对高温堆肥腐熟进程及物质变化的影响

以猪粪和水稻秸秆为材料,采用发酵槽内堆置,分别设置低量秸秆、高量秸秆和纯猪粪三个处理,分析堆肥33天过程中的物理、化学和纤维素类等指标的变化,探讨堆肥过程中添加不同比例的水稻秸秆对堆肥特性的影响。结果表明,添加高量秸秆堆肥处理的升温速率最佳,纯猪粪处理的水分散失率大于其他两个处理。堆肥结束时,各处理的p H值为8.46-8.66,电导率稳定在1.4-2.4 ms/cm,E4/E6降至3.12-3.37,堆肥达到了腐熟;高量秸秆处理的(终点C/N)/(初始C/N)介于0.53-0.72,其堆肥效果较好、腐熟程度较高。各处理堆肥产品的全磷含量均有提高;纯猪粪处理的纤维素、木质素和半纤维素的总降解率均高于其他两个处理。整体来说,添加高量秸秆处理腐熟速度较快,且效果较好,这可为猪粪快速资源化利用和猪粪堆肥产品质量的提高提供科学依据。     

家禽粪便除臭复合菌剂的应用研究

为研究复合菌剂的除臭机理,将放线菌5406(Actinobacillus)、枯草芽孢杆菌B-903(Bacillus subtilis)、卷枝毛霉(Mucor circinelloides)、钾细菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)、植物乳杆菌Z3-1(Lactobacillus plantarum)和毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)按不同比例配制成复合菌剂,将其均匀喷洒到鸡粪表面并搅拌均匀,进行鸡粪堆肥对比试验,分别筛选出对甲基吲哚、硫化氢、氨气去除效果最好的除臭菌剂配方,并在已筛选出的配方中添加生物炭及化学试剂,检测除臭效果。结果表明,去除甲基吲哚效果最好的除臭菌剂配方为C4组(放线菌5406、枯草芽孢杆菌B-903、卷枝毛霉、钾细菌、植物乳杆菌Z3-1和毕赤酵母各25 m L,生物炭11 g,甲醇0.04 mg);去除氨气效果最好的除臭菌剂配方为D3组(放线菌5406、枯草芽孢杆菌B-903、卷枝毛霉、钾细菌、植物乳杆菌Z3-1和毕赤酵母各20 m L,二价铁离子和抗坏血酸各0.06 g);去除硫化氢效果最好的除臭菌剂配方为E4组(放线菌5406、枯草芽孢杆菌B-903、卷枝毛霉、钾细菌、植物乳杆菌Z3-1和毕赤酵母各20 m L,氧化锌0.08 mg)。     

磷酸铵镁堆肥产品养分释放特性及其肥效研究

为了研究磷酸铵镁堆肥产品的氮磷养分释放特性及其肥效,分别采用土柱淋溶方法及盆栽试验研究了磷酸铵镁堆肥(MAPC)产品的氮磷养分释放特性及对油菜的肥效,并与普通化肥(CCH)、普通堆肥(CCO)、磷酸铵镁肥(MAP)3种肥料进行对比。结果表明:在整个淋溶过程中,CCH和MAPC处理淋溶液的总氮及总磷浓度均较其他处理高;MAP肥具有缓释性,且堆肥对其养分释放具有促进作用;CCO处理的养分释放最慢。在最后一次淋洗(即第5次)后,总氮及总磷养分浓度排序均为:CCHMAPCMAPCCO。盆栽试验18 d后油菜快速生长,且与对照(不施肥)处理相比,MAP和MAPC处理能显著提高油菜的株高及生物量。在45 d盆栽试验结束时,CCH、CCO、MAP和MAPC处理的生物量分别是对照处理的14.8、4.8、20.5倍和16.0倍。MAP处理能显著提高油菜的养分含量,TN和TP含量分别比对照提高了2.24 g·kg~(-1)和1.54 g·kg~(-1)。研究表明,4种肥料均可改善油菜的生长发育情况,且MAP和MAPC的肥效优于CCH和CCO,在堆肥中利用鸟粪石结晶原理可固定部分氮磷元素,提高堆肥产品肥效。     

定植和打顶及品种对雾培马铃薯器官建成的影响

该试验采用L9(34)正交试验设计,研究了不同定植节数、打顶次数及品种对雾培马铃薯植株茎粗、根系、LAI,LOX活性及结薯能力的影响.结果表明:雾培马铃薯定植3节及打顶2次处理均能促进LOX活性增强、匍匐茎发生,增加块茎数量和质量;结薯能力与品种差异相关密切,品种费乌瑞它结薯能力最佳;同时发现LOX活性增强利于雾培马铃薯结薯.品种费乌瑞它结合定植3节和打顶2次为雾培结薯最优组合.     

根系修剪对枳生长及相关基因表达的影响

以枳实生苗为试验材料,通过两年重复试验分析了不切除主根、切除1/3主根、切除1/2主根、切除2/3主根等4个不同水平根系修剪处理下枳实生苗生长发育、根系构型和营养吸收的情况,并检测了不同水平根系修剪处理对侧根发育关键基因表达量的影响.结果表明,切除1/2主根处理增加了枳实生苗的株高、茎粗、地上部鲜重和根系鲜重,改善了根...     

基于隧道式发酵金针菇菌渣的双孢蘑菇培养料制备分析

采用隧道发酵技术,以金针菇(Flammulina filiformis)菌渣为原材料,进行双孢蘑菇培养料的制备.通过一次及二次隧道发酵的工艺控制,检测堆制过程中温度、含水量、pH及电导率等理化成分的变化,并结合出菇结果评价金针菇菌渣培养料的使用情况.结果表明,金针菇菌渣在隧道一次发酵过程中最高温可达74℃以上,整个发酵...     

多元酸性土壤调理剂在辣椒上的施用效果研究

辣椒施用由碱渣与城市污泥配制而成的多元酸性土壤调理剂的盆栽试验结果表明:辣椒施用多元酸性土壤调理剂后,消除了土壤酸性的主要障碍,植株根系活力增强,椒果产量和品质显著提高,与不施土壤调理剂处理相比,土壤的pH值提高0.69、盐基饱和度(CEC)提高33.18%、有效Al降低40.39%,辣椒的株高增加32.38%、产量增加133.63%、果实维生素C含量增加264.35%、根系活力增加69.63%,植株的Ca和Mg累积量分别提高183.50%和123.61%.研究结果还表明,多元酸性土壤调理剂的肥效等同或优于"田师傅"土壤调理剂.     

Short-Term Agronomical Effects of Olive Oil Pomace Composts on Pisum arvense L. and Trifolium subterraneum L. and Impacts on Soil Properties

Olive oil pomace (OLP) contains organic matter and nutrients that could be recycled by composting and supplying it to crops, solving the problem of disposal.

The effects of two OLP composts (C1 and C2) were assessed on two leguminous forage crops commonly cropped in the local livestock farms. In particular, C1 was applied on proteic pea and C2 on clover, compared with a mineral fertilizer (Min) and a commercial organic–mineral fertilizer (Org-min). The influence of composts on some soil chemical properties was also investigated.

The application of C1 significantly increased proteic pea dry weight at the end of the cycle by 27.2% and 52.0% and grain yield by 23.2% and 43.6%, in comparison with Org-min and Min, respectively. The clover dry weight during the entire cycle was lower in C2, in comparison with the other treatments, while no significant difference was found between C2 and the Org-min treatment both in yield and plant height.

Soil nitrate decreased from the beginning to the end of the trial in C1 and C2 plots by 22.8% and 50.9%, respectively. Soil phosphorous content significantly increased in Min by 32.4 and 41.7% compared to C1 and C2, respectively. These results showed that the substitution of commercial fertilizers with compost could be an environmentally sustainable solution. The high presence of heavy metals in compost should not affect soil application at least in this short-term trial.     

Effect of Aquasorb and Organic Compost Amendments on Soil Water Retention and Evaporation with Different Evaporation Potentials and Soil Textures

Abstract

Aquasorb PR3005A, a hydrophilic polymer (a salt copolymer polyacrylamide), and garden waste compost were added to a loamy sand and a loam soil in pots to assess their impact upon soil physical properties at two different evaporation potentials. Compost was mulched and incorporated, the Aquasorb was incorporated, and their effect on temperature and amelioration of soil water content and evaporation was investigated. Mulching with compost reduced evaporation and increased soil temperature. Maize (Zea mays var. single cross 704) was sown in the same pots later, and growth indicator factors (plant height, fresh and dry weight, root weight, and leaf area) were compared. It was concluded that compost mulch application is beneficial to soil water retention whereas compost incorporation did not show these benefits. Compost mulch advances seedling emergence and enhances early growth through hydrologic soil amelioration. High rates of Aquasorb were also beneficial in advancing the emergence and early growth of maize seeded in loamy sand. The hydration capacity of Aquasorb is reduced as the electrolyte concentration and electrical conductivity are increased. Increased electrolyte concentration in soil solution, through drying, may result in gel dehydration and water release at potentials greater than field capacity, which may be lost to drainage. Furthermore, it is concluded that pot experiments with amendments fail to simulate field conditions.     

春伐桑树不同伐条部位与桑叶产量的关系

通过春伐桑树不同伐条部位对产叶量影响的初步试验表明,在其它桑园管理措施一致的前提下,采取距离一年生枝条基部4～6 cm处（留芽2～3芽）伐条的剪伐方式,可显著提高芽条生长量和春叶产量,极显著提高秋叶产量,同时影响桑树生长发育.