油菜种植密度及施肥量对其产量影响

油菜是我国重要的经济作物之一,研究油菜种植密度及施肥对其产量影响以得出合理的密度和施肥量.这对于增加农民收入和我国整体经济有着重要意义.文章以实验统计分析的方法,精确计算出油菜种植的合理密度,并算出合理密度下的精确施肥量,提高了经济作物油菜的产量,这是本文研究的目的所在.     

不同郁闭度对茶树净光合速率及茶园生态因子的影响

以安徽省金寨县栗茶间作园为研究对象,对不同郁闭度条件下茶树的净光合速率及茶园生态因子进行测定。结果表明:6月,露地茶园(对照)茶树的净光合速率在13∶00时出现"光合午休"现象,而有遮荫的茶园均未出现"光合午休"现象。在遮荫情况下,气温、土壤温度均低于露地茶园,且郁闭度越大温度越低;而空气湿度和土壤湿度均高于对照纯茶园,且郁闭度越大湿度越大。在郁闭度0.3的林下最有利于茶树生长和茶叶品质的提高。     

含水量和容重对旱地耕层土壤热导率的影响及预测

土壤热导率是研究地表能量平衡和土壤水热运移过程中的一个基础参数。受土壤耕作、干湿交替和根系生长等过程的影响,耕层土壤的含水率和结构呈现较强的变异特征,而目前缺乏关于定量分析耕层土壤热导率变异特征的研究。该研究利用田间定位试验,采用热脉冲技术测定了含水率和容重变化条件下耕层土壤热导率的变异特征,并利用传递函数模型对耕层土壤热导率进行了预测。结果表明:含水率和容重是影响耕层土壤热导率变异的主要因子,而耕作强度和干湿交替是这种变异的关键驱动力;与翻耕和旋耕处理相比,免耕处理提高了土壤容重和含水率,从而增大了土壤热导率;在干湿交替作用下,翻耕后土壤容重逐步增加,耕层热导率也呈现上升趋势,波动幅度与含水率的变化相关。基于含水率、容重和质地信息,土壤热导率传递函数模型可以给出可靠的田间土壤热导率估计值,其均方根误差和平均偏差分别为0.09和-0.01 W/(m·K);考虑耕层土壤容重的动态信息,可以提高该模型预测土壤热导率的准确性。     

Recruitment of sympatric vendace (Coregonus albula) and whitefish (C. lavaretus) is affected by different environmental factors

Vendace and whitefish in Lake Osensjøen (boreal south‐east Norway) were studied by means of gillnet test fishing (1976–2013) and hydro acoustic acquisition (1986–2011). Vendace increased in number between 1998 and 2009 while growth and size at maturity decreased. The relative density of whitefish decreased in the pelagic habitat, whereas growth and size remained the same. Both species exhibited varying year‐class strength. Whereas strong year‐classes of both species became less frequent after 1980 than before this, this seemed to change after 2000, especially for vendace. Generalised additive models suggested a strong positive relationship between July/August mean air temperature and year‐class strength of both vendace and whitefish. Whitefish recruitment was also negatively affected by the new regulation regime implemented since 1981, and positively correlated with water level after hatching and by late ice off. The reason for the diverging impacts of environmental factors on the two species may be that vendace spawn in deeper waters that whitefish do. The results indicate that increasing summer temperatures benefit recruitment of both species, whereas low water level and early ice off will harm whitefish recruitment. Both trends are caused by climate warming. It may be speculated that increased density of the specialised plankton feeding vendace may affect the algal community through increased predation on herbivorous zooplankton and potentially affect the trophic state of the lake.     

密度与环境因子对蒙古黄芪育苗影响研究

为了明确育苗时密度与环境因子对蒙古黄芪生长特征影响,本试验以蒙古黄芪为研究对象,通过单因素田间随机区组试验,测定蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、根粗和根长4个指标。结果表明,密度对蒙古黄芪影响最大,其次是湿度,最后是光照和电导率。密度与蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、根粗呈现负相关性,与根长呈正相关性(P<0.05),密度为400株/m ²时,株高、茎粗及根粗最大,密度为1000株/m ²时根长最大。     

种植密度和施氮量对有机烟叶农艺性状及产质量的影响

为探索有机烟叶生产的合理施氮量和密度,于2009年在凤冈县进化镇进行了不同密度及施氮量对有机烟叶产质量的影响试验。结果表明:1)不同密度及施氮量对有机烟叶大田生育期影响不明显。2)施氮量82.5kg/hm2、种植密度18 000株/hm2能获得最大的产值和产量,且田间长势、上等烟率、上中等烟率、橘黄烟率和内在化学成分协调性较好。3)综合表现最好的是施氮量82.5kg/hm2、种植密度18 000株/hm2的处理,其次是施氮量67.5kg/hm2、种植密度18 000株/hm2的处理。     

密度对寿竹竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

为开发竹材人造板新产品,利用4～5年生寿竹为原料,采用热压生产工艺制备竹基纤维复合材料,并分析复合材料密度对其物理和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着密度增加,复合材料厚度方向上的吸水膨胀率增加,宽度方向的吸水膨胀率下降,力学性能逐渐增加。     

移栽密度和方式对油菜生长发育与产量的影响

研究了密度和栽培方式对油菜产量、品质及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,以移栽9 000株.亩-11穴2株处理的单位面积群体产量最高,达到245.93 kg.亩-1,产量较对照5 000 kg.亩-1增加了55.6%;籽粒含油量也最高,达到41.87%。随着密度的增加,单株产量及其构成因素、干物质重量呈下降趋势,而单位面积群体产量及其构成因素、群体干物质重量以及品质呈先增后减的趋势。     

小麦秸秆储存机理研究

研究了小麦采用全喂入和半喂入两种方式收获后,再对田间麦秸采用打捆机进行捡拾收集打捆,并将麦秸捆储存于遮雨通风自然环境和环境温度相同、相对湿度恒定环境的两种环境中,跟踪测试了麦秸捆的体积密度、含水率、芯部温度以及热值等参数,探索了麦秸捆储存期间内在因素相互影响的关系.研究结果表明:无论是正常年份,还是相对湿度较大的特殊年份,麦秸捆储存期间芯部温度均没有超出安全水平线,储存前后绝干热值没有明显影响,麦秸捆均可安全储存并作能源利用.     

Cage culture of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) at different stocking densities in a shallow eutrophic lake

Postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei were acclimated and stocked in lake-based cages at the following stocking densities: 10, 20, 30 and 40 shrimp m⁻². Another set of shrimp was stocked in concrete tanks as reference samples at 30 shrimp m⁻². Significant differences were observed among stocking densities throughout the 95-day culture. The final weight at harvest decreased with increasing stocking density: mean weights of 23.3, 15.8, 13.0, 10.9 and 14.6 g for the 10, 20, 30, 40 shrimp m⁻² and reference tanks were observed respectively. There were no significant differences in survival throughout the culture period, ranging between 69% and 77%. Daily growth rates (range: 0.11–0.24 g day⁻¹) and specific growth rates (range: 3.54–4.34%) also differed significantly among stocking densities, both increasing with decreasing stocking density. The feed conversion ratio in the cages did not differ among the stocking densities, ranging from 1.53 to 1.65. The relationship between stocking density and mean individual weight at harvest followed the equation y =81.06 x ^−0.54 ( R ²=0.938) and that of stocking density and production (in g m⁻²) is y =58.01 x ^−0.46 ( R ²=0.834).