Stem respiration in leafy cuttings of Prosopis juliflora during the rooting process

An oxygen electrode was used to estimate the respiration rate of basal 1 cm sections of Prosopis juliflora cuttings. The respiration rate per unit dry mass decreased linearly with increasing diameter at a rate of 0.42 nmol0₂g^–1s^–1mm^–1 between the range of 1–3 mm diameter. However, as a result of increased mass, total respiration for the whole 1 cm section of tissue increased linearly with increasing diameter. The average respiration rate of the basal 1 cm of stem tissue, measured 14 days after insertion in the propagator, was almost double that of the 1 cm section of tissue above it (1.01 nmol0₂g^–1s^–1 compared to 0.57 nmol0₂g^–1s^–1). The value of this technique as an aid to our understanding of the development of adventitious roots is discussed.     

微波低温催化热解木屑制取可燃气研究

以可燃性气体为目的产物,在450~600℃低温条件下对木屑进行微波催化热解。考察了热解温度、催化剂种类以及催化剂用量对微波热解可燃气产量和热值的影响,并分析热解过程中各气体组分的变化趋势。结果表明:催化剂的加入可有效提高气体产率,不同催化剂对气体产率的影响顺序为:K2CO3Na OHNa2CO3Mg OCa ONa H2PO4Na2HPO4。在热解温度550℃、K2CO3用量(以木屑质量计)20%的条件下得到高产量的中热值可燃性气体,气体产率为62.65%,低位热值14.05 MJ/m3;且K2CO3作为催化剂时可得到较高的H/C的气体。     

FRP增强结构用集成材木梁胶合性能研究

FRP增强结构用集成材木梁可有效地提升梁体的抗弯强度,FRP与结构用集成材的复合首先要解决的是FRP与木材的胶合问题。本试验对比等离子体处理及羟甲基间苯二酚HMR改性处理工艺对FRP木材界面胶合性能的影响,并用胶层剥离率、剪切强度对胶合性能加以表征。试验结果表明,FRP增强结构用集成材木梁的胶合界面优化处理工艺为：FRP表面不处理,木材表面预先以2.5 m/min的送料速度进行射频功率为400 W的等离子体处理5次,然后以150 g/m2的涂胶量涂布HMR。试材的浸渍剥离率、煮沸剥离率、干剪强度、湿剪强度及木破率均满足结构用集成材国家标准GB/T 26899-2011中关于使用环境3的要求。     

石门国家森林公园不同林分秋季保健功能差异比较和综合评价

开展不同林分保健功能的差异研究和综合评价,能为今后森林康养林的构建与管理提供科学依据。在2019年秋季（9-11月）森林康养旅游高峰期,选取广东省广州市石门国家森林公园中毛竹林、亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、枫香林、杉木林和枫香杉木混交林5种林分,并设置无林地对照组,分析人体舒适度、空气富氧度、负离子保健浓度和植物精气4个指标,采用隶属函数值对不同林分的保健功能进行综合评价。结果表明:1）5种林分的人体舒适度均处于Ⅰ级非常舒适水平,其中杉木林最佳（2.70）,无林地对照组处于Ⅱ级舒适水平。2）5种林分和无林地对照组的空气富氧度均处于Ⅱ级较高水平,其中枫香杉木混交林的O₂浓度最高（21.17%）,且5种林分的O₂浓度均高于空气中氧气的含量（20.95%）。3）5种林分的负离子保健浓度均处于Ⅲ级较适宜水平以上,其中亚热带季风常绿阔叶林的负离子浓度（7 234个·cm^-3）约为其他林分的3~5倍,处于Ⅰ级很适宜水平,无林地对照组处于Ⅳ级不适宜水平。4）5种林分的植物精气相对含量均较低（<10%）,其中亚热带季风常绿阔叶林植物精气的种类和相对含量均显著高于其他4种林分。5）根据隶属函数值大小,不同林分的综合保健功能强弱依次为亚热带季风常绿阔叶林（0.75）＞枫香杉木混交林（0.61）＞杉木林（0.57）＞枫香林（0.46）＞毛竹林（0.44）＞无林地对照组（0.00）。在秋季,5种不同林分的综合保健功能均优于无林地对照组,尤其是亚热带季风常绿阔叶林,非常适合游客进行森林康养游憩。     

不同氧气浓度下烟草甲各虫态活性研究

为了减少磷化氢等有毒化学物质在储烟害虫防治中的施用量,为生产上运用低氧技术防治烟草甲等仓贮害虫提供技术参考,本试验研究了低氧环境对烟草甲各虫态致死作用及对烟草甲各虫态历期的影响。结果表明,在气调贮存运用中,可以将垛内氧气浓度调至2%,经历杀虫阶段后可以将垛内氧气浓度回调至4%～6%,这样可以在有效抑制虫害的基础上,最大限度地保证烟叶的醇化质量。     

Investigation of the Role of Androstenedione-19-oic Acid in the Presence of 19-Norandrostenedione in Intact Male Horse Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to confirm the presence of androstenedione-19-oic acid in intact male equine plasma and to show the source of 19-norandrostenedione in equine plasma. Androstenedione-19-oic acid was recovered from acidified plasma by liquid–liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether and separated on an Ace 5 C₈ column. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to detect the analytes in negative electrospray ionization mode. Limits of detection, quantification, and confirmation of the method were 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. The linear dynamic range of quantification was 0.5–50 ng/mL. The presence of androstenedione-19-oic acid was confirmed in all plasma samples obtained from intact male horses but not those from gelded and female horses; the average concentration was 3.1 ± 1.6 ng/mL, suggesting androstenedione-19-oic acid is an endogenous compound only in intact male horse plasma samples. The conversion of androstenedione-19-oic acid to 19-norandrostenedione in equine plasma was demonstrated by spiking androstenedione-19-oic acid into blank plasma and monitoring the generation of 19-norandrostenedione and its increase in concentration during storage. Results indicated that androstenedione-19-oic acid was readily converted into 19-norandrostenedione; the higher the storage temperature, the faster the conversion. The conversion was not affected by the types of plasma samples collected from gelded and female horses or by anticoagulants used in blood collection to harvest plasma. Compared with other matrices such as water, methanol, and phosphate-buffered saline, the conversion of androstenedione-19-oic to 19-norandrostenedione in equine plasma was faster, suggesting that there is an unknown factor(s) in equine plasma that enhances the conversion.     

Effect of dosage and application mode of l‐carnitine on plasma lipid and egg‐yolk cholesterol of turkeys,hatchability of eggs and post‐hatch growth of their offsprings

The effect of dosage and application mode of l ‐carnitine on plasma lipid and egg‐yolk cholesterol of breeder turkeys, hatchability of eggs and post‐hatch growth response was investigated using 180 breeder hens. The hens were assigned to six dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangements of two application modes of l ‐carnitine (diet and drinking water) supplemented at 0, 50 and 100 ppm (mg/kg or mg/l) levels, respectively. Each treatment was replicated five times with six hens per replicate. Dietary inclusion of 50 ppm l ‐carnitine showed the lowest (p < 0.01) plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low‐density lipoprotein concentration (LDL). Breeder hens offered 50 ppm l ‐carnitine with no regard to application mode recorded the highest (p < 0.01) plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). Hens offered 50 and 100 ppm l ‐carnitine irrespective of application mode also showed reduced (p < 0.01) egg‐yolk TC concentration at 32 weeks of age. Dietary supplementation of 50 ppm l ‐carnitine for breeder turkeys recorded the lowest (p < 0.01) egg‐yolk triglyceride (TG) at 40 weeks of age. Hens offered 50 ppm l ‐carnitine irrespective of application mode recorded the highest (p < 0.05) hen‐day egg production. Incidence of dead‐in‐shell also reduced (p < 0.05) with increasing dosage of l ‐carnitine. Dietary supplementation of 50 ppm and oral application in drinking water of 100 ppm l ‐carnitine for breeder turkeys resulted in highest (p < 0.05) egg fertility. Offsprings from breeder hens fed diets supplemented with l ‐carnitine recorded no post‐hatch mortality. Highest (p < 0.05) post‐hatch final live weight and weight gain was obtained with poults obtained from hens fed diet supplemented with 50 ppm l ‐carnitine. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 50 ppm l ‐carnitine for turkey hens showed improved serum lipid profile, egg fertility, reduced dead‐in‐shell, egg‐yolk cholesterol and resulted in improved post‐hatch growth performance.