巢湖烔炀河水质空间分布特征及其改善策略

研究巢湖入湖河流炯炀河营养物质(N、P)和化学需氧量(CODcr)的空间分布特征,采用基于主成分分析(PCA)构造的多指标综合评价体系表征了河流水质空间变化趋势.炯炀河各段水质受到流域人类活动和河流自净功能的双重影响.上游炯河段污染最重,其F因子均值为1.03(范围0.05～1.64),主要是由炯炀镇生活污水排放、沿河固体废弃物堆积、农业面源污染等人类活动所致.炀河段水质相对较好,其F因子均值为-0.03(范围-0.08～0.04).炯河、炀河汇合后的炯炀河段水质自上游至下游总体上呈现先变差、后变好的趋势,其F因子均值为-0.30(范围-0.66～0.28),沿途农业面源污染对河水水质产生了显著影响.采用PCA分析对河流各项水质因子载荷大小比较后得出N、P是炯炀河水质的主控因子,第一主成分氮磷营养因子解释了河流水质空间变异的约60％.提出了炯炀河水质改善策略,为炯炀河生态型小流域规划与建设提供可行方案,为巢湖水环境治理决策提供科学依据.     

p66Shc基因调控早期胚胎发育阻滞的研究进展

在胚胎早期发育过程中,存在易停留在某个阶段的现象,称之为发育阻滞,如小鼠胚胎的2-细胞阻滞等.从分子结构及功能、调控活性氧水平和作用网络方面,综述了p66Shc基因调控早期胚胎发育阻滞的研究进展,以期对该领域的研究提供借鉴.     

PEI/APP改性脲醛树脂制备阻燃胶合板及性能

以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为改性剂处理聚磷酸铵(APP)制备得到APP@PEI阻燃体系,并将其加入到脲醛树脂(UF)中,制备阻燃胶合板.研究了APP@PEI对UF胶黏剂理化性能的影响,并进一步探讨其对胶合性能及阻燃性能的影响.结果表明:APP、PEI和APP@PEI对UF的黏度、pH和固化时间均有影响.当APP添加量为10...     

外源ABA对短期H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗活性氧代谢及相关基因的影响

[目的]研究外源ABA处理对H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗活性氧代谢系统的影响,探讨ABA调控侧柏氧化胁迫的可能作用机制。[方法]以侧柏幼苗为试验材料,采用水培方式,研究外施低浓度(0.5μmol·L~(-1))和高浓度(200μmol·L~(-1))ABA对100 mmol·L~(-1)H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗活性氧代谢的影响。[结果](1)100 mmol·L~(-1)H_2O_2胁迫48 h显著增加了侧柏幼苗叶片过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和脯氨酸含量、抗氧化物酶(SOD和CAT)活性,而可溶性蛋白含量降低。(2)相较于高浓度200μmol·L~(-1)ABA,施加0.5μmol·L~(-1)ABA显著减少了H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗H_2O_2和MDA的积累,进一步提高了侧柏幼苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性,同时促进GSH、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的合成。(3)100 mmol·L~(-1)H_2O_2胁迫处理48 h,侧柏幼苗叶片活性氧代谢相关基因Cu/Zn-SOD、CAT、GR、APX、MDAR和GST表达水平较对照CK均有显著性提高;正常和H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗外施0.5μmol·L~(-1)ABA相较于200μmol·L~(-1)更有利于提高侧柏叶片活性氧代谢相关基因Cu/Zn-SOD、CAT、GR、APX、MDAR和GST的表达量。[结论]低浓度0.5μmol·L~(-1)ABA有效地增强抗氧化系统的防御能力,减弱幼苗的氧化胁迫和膜脂过氧化水平,从而降低活性氧对侧柏的伤害。     

河口区斑节对虾淡化养殖塘溶氧收支平衡状况

本文报道了1997年与1998年河口区斑节对虾淡化养殖塘生态系中溶氧收支平衡状况。表层水水柱毛产氧量均大于或显著大于水呼吸耗氧量,底层水毛产氧量却显著小于水呼吸耗氧量,呈现常有的"氧债"现象。在池塘氧耗因子中,水呼吸是最大的溶解氧消耗者,占水柱总耗氧量的70％以上;其次是底泥耗氧量,约占20％;虾呼吸耗氧量所占比例较小,但随养殖时间的延长明显上升。斑节对虾塘平均补偿深度(B)和平均透明度(P)之比(B/P)与通常鱼池所具有的比值(1．5～2．5)相比偏低,为1．42±0．53。说明池塘深层的产氧能力受到限制。斑节对虾淡化养殖塘溶氧处于支大于收的不平衡状态。     

杭州西湖风景名胜区10种园林树种固碳释氧效益研究

研究了杭州市西湖风景名胜区10种常见园林植物的固碳释氧能力.以实测数据为基础,对10种园林树种的固碳释氧效益进行了比较.结果表明:乔木的光合速率和单位面积的固碳释氧量高于灌木;常绿植物的光合速率和固碳释氧量高于落叶植物;植物的整株固碳释氧量乔木和常绿植物分别高于灌木和落叶植物;供试树种中广玉兰、悬铃木和枫杨的整株固碳释氧能力居于前3位.     

NaCl胁迫下枸杞愈伤组织活性氧产生与质膜H+—ATPase活性的关系

以枸杞愈伤组织为材料,研究了盐胁迫对活性氧伤害和质膜H -ATPase活性的影响。结果表明,NaCl浓度为100mmol/L时超氧阴离子(O2-·)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量上升,质膜H -ATPase活性先升后降;质膜相对透性与丙二醛(MDA)含量呈显著正相关;超氧阴离子(O2-·)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量与质膜H -ATPase活性在重度胁迫下呈显著负相关,说明盐胁迫下活性氧积累可能是加速伤害质膜功能的主要原因之一。     

甲壳素对连作平邑甜茶生长、光合及抗氧化酶的影响

以苹果连作土盆栽的平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,探讨了0、0.5、1.0和2.5 g·kg-1不同施入量的甲壳素对其光合速率、活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1.0 g·kg-1的甲壳素处理能显著促进幼苗株高、地径,干样质量和根冠比的增加,根冠比为对照的1.51倍;明显提高了幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,其中光合速率为对照的1.30倍;同时提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,分别为对照的1.10倍、1.85倍、1.77倍和1.43倍;减少了叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子的积累,分别为对照的73%、62%和34%,降低了脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量。当甲壳素施用量为2.5 g·kg-1时则显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生长,降低幼苗叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶活性,并使超氧阴离子和脯氨酸含量明显上升。因此,适宜用量的甲壳素能减轻苹果的连作障碍。     

Mycoplasma pneumoniae induces IL-1β production through activating NLRP3 inflammasome by ROS in RAW264.7 cells

AIM: To investigate whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp)-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in RAW264.7 cells is through the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via reactive oxygen species (ROS). ME-THODS: RAW264.7 cells were randomly divided into 3 groups. In normal group, RAW264.7 cells were treated without Mp. In model group, RAW264.7 cells were treated with 1∶ 10 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Mp. In NAC group, RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with N- acetylcysteine (NAC) at a concentration of 5 mmol/L for 30 min before infection with Mp. The RAW264.7cells were infected with Mp (1∶ 10 MOI) for 4, 8, 16 and 24 h in model group and NAC group, respectively. The intracellular ROS level was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 p20 were determined by Western blot. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with normal group, the production of ROS were significantly increased at 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after infection, the mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were increased at 8, 16 and 24 h after infection, the protein levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 p20 were increased at 16 and 24 h after infection, and the releases of IL-1β were increased at 24 h after infection in model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the level of ROS in NAC group decreased, so as the expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 at mRNA and protein levels and the releases of IL-1β in the supernatant at the corresponding time points. CONCLUSION: Mp may stimulate the ROS production to activate NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW264.7 cells.     

An investigation of links between metabolic rate and feed efficiency in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax

Feed efficiency (FE) is the amount of body weight gain for a given feed intake. Improving FE through selective breeding is key for sustainable finfish aquaculture but its evaluation at individual level is technically challenging. We therefore investigated whether individual routine metabolic rate (RMR) was a predictor of individual FE in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, a major species in European mariculture. The European sea bass has three genetically distinct populations across its geographical range, namely Atlantic (AT), West Mediterranean (WM), and East Mediterranean (EM). We compared FE and RMR of fish from these three populations at 18 or 24 °C. We held 200 fish (62 AT, 66 WM, and 72 EM) in individual aquaria and fed them from ad libitum down to fasting. FI was assessed for an ad libitum feeding rate and for a fixed restricted ration (1% of metabolic body weight·day⁻¹, with metabolic body weight = body weight^0.8). After being refed 12 wk in a common tank, individual RMR was measured over 36 h by intermittent flow respirometry. There was a significant effect of temperature whereby fish at 18 °C had greater mean FE (P < 0.05) and lower RMR (P < 0.001). There was also a significant effect of population, where AT fish had lower FE (P < 0.05) and greater RMR (P < 0.001) than WM and EM, at both temperatures. Despite these differences in temperature and population means, individual FE and RMR were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05). Therefore, although the results provide evidence of an association between metabolic rate and FE, RMR was not a predictor of individual FE, for reasons that require further investigation.