Fat and cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of mares' colostrums and milk during five lactation months

In this study, the effect of the lactation stage on changes in the fat and cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk of Wielkopolska mares' was investigated. Colostrum and milk samples from 10 lactating mares were collected at the beginning of lactation, on the 1st and 2nd day after foaling and then, starting from the first month of lactation, at 4 weeks' intervals up to the fifth month of lactation. Statistically significant differences were found between mares' colostrum and milk in the fat and cholesterol content as well as in the percentage rate of total fatty acids which occurred in significant quantities. Together with the lengthening of the lactation time, the content of fat and cholesterol in the mares' milk was observed to decrease. The authors also found a significant impact of the lactation period on changes in the ratio of polyenoic fatty acids from the n-6 to n-3 family. Bearing in mind the fat and cholesterol content and a more favourable (from the nutritional point of view) ratio of fatty acids from the family of n-6 to n-3, it is recommended to collect milk from mares in the 4th and 5th month of lactation.     

猪氨基酸代谢节俭机制新假说

猪尿氮排放量为总氮排放量的60%~70%,而尿素是尿液中的主要含氮物,其合成速率在很大程度上决定着尿氮以及总氮的排放量。因此,降低猪肝脏尿素合成速率是减少氮排放量的根本途径。本文首先介绍了当前猪氮减排常用的营养调控技术,然后分别就肝脏尿素合成的直接前体物(氨)与间接前体物(如甘氨酸和丙氨酸)以及氨基酸代谢燃料功能替代机制进行论述,在此基础上提出猪氨基酸代谢节俭机制新假说,即促进丙酮酸/葡萄糖等物质的供能效率,以降低谷氨酸等氨基酸的代谢速率,从而达到减少门静脉尿素前体物净流量、肝脏尿素合成以及尿氮排放量的目的。     

专用有机肥对荒漠植物梭梭的生长及耐旱性的影响

本研究探讨了武威市凉州区(中沙村、王庄村、长城乡)梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)大田育苗时施用专用有机肥及与化学肥料混合施用对梭梭生长和耐旱性的影响。结果表明,1)施专用有机肥显著增加梭梭株高、分枝数、层数、主茎直径、冠幅、鲜重和干重;2)中沙村样地中施专用有机肥使梭梭地上部的Na+含量显著增加(P0.05);王庄村样地中施专用有机肥+磷酸二铵+尿素的处理显著增加了梭梭地上部的Na+、K+含量;长城乡样地中施专用有机肥+磷酸二铵+尿素处理使梭梭地上部K+含量显著降低(P0.05);3)施专用有机肥既节约成本又可减少化学肥料的使用。因此,施专用有机肥不仅促进梭梭生长,而且提高其耐旱性。     

外源一氧化氮(NO)对低温胁迫下南瓜幼苗氧化损伤的保护效应

探讨外源 NO 供体硝普钠(SNP)对冷害胁迫下南瓜生长和氧化损伤的内在机制。以南瓜银辉2号和青栗为材料,通过室内人工模拟低温逆境的方法,研究 SNP(100 μmol/L)对冷害胁迫下南瓜幼苗生长、叶绿体色素含量、有机渗透调节物质含量及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,冷害导致南瓜幼苗活性氧积累增加,膜质过氧化加剧,光合色素含量下降,渗透调节能力降低,从而显著抑制南瓜幼苗的生长;正常生长条件下, SNP显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,显著增加幼苗地上和地下部干重及谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、类胡萝卜素和氨基酸总量;8 ℃/5 ℃(昼/夜)的低温胁迫下,叶面喷施外源100 μmol/L NO供体硝普钠(SNP),促进了植株生长和干物质积累,显著提高了叶片SOD、POD、APX 和GR的活性以及Pro和可溶性糖含量,减少了H₂O₂和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累;外源NO明显提高了南瓜叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量、抗坏血酸(ASA)、GSH和可溶性蛋白及氨基酸总量。低温胁迫下,外源NO通过促进抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂及有机渗透调节物质含量的提高,降低H₂O₂和MDA的积累,保护了细胞膜结构的稳定性,维持了冷害下南瓜幼苗碳氮代谢的正常进行,增强了南瓜的抗冷性。试验条件下,NO对银辉2号的促进作用大于青栗。     

草原红牛导入丹麦红牛血液试验效果(第二报)

为了提高草原红牛的生产性能,1985年开始在翁牛特旗海金山种牛场进行了草原红牛导入丹麦红牛血液试验。初步试验结果表明:丹红F_1毛色基本同草原红牛;尻部宽、长而平,原有斜尻缺点已明显得到改进;各阶段体重、体尺均有明显提高,尤以体躯的重量、宽度、高度和后躯的提高更为显著;适应性与草原红牛无差别;其产肉性能和产奶性能比草原红牛亦有明显提高。     

康县太平鸡早期生长曲线拟合及体重与体尺相关性分析

为研究太平鸡早期生长发育规律,提高品种选育效果,采用Logistic、Von Bertalanffy、Gompertz三种非线性生长模型对其体重进行拟合,并对13周龄的体重与体尺进行相关性分析。结果表明：Gompertz模型对太平鸡0～15周龄体重的拟合效果最佳,拟合所得的太平公、母鸡的拐点周龄分别为7.08周、6.84周,拐点体重分别为572.24 g、482.74 g,成熟体重分别为1 555.34 g、1 312.09 g;13周龄太平鸡体重与体尺之间存在不同程度的相关性,公鸡的体重与体斜长、龙骨长、胫长、胫围、骨盆宽呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）;母鸡的体重与龙骨长、胫长、胫围、胸围、骨盆宽呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。     

Empirical Percentile Growth Curves with Z-scores Considering Seasonal Compensatory Growths for Japanese Thoroughbred Horses

Percentile growth curves are often used as a clinical indicator to evaluate variations of children’s growth status. In this study, we propose empirical percentile growth curves using Z-scores adapted for Japanese Thoroughbred horses, with considerations of the seasonal compensatory growth that is a typical characteristic of seasonal breeding animals. We previously developed new growth curve equations for Japanese Thoroughbreds adjusting for compensatory growth. Individual horses and residual effects were included as random effects in the growth curve equation model and their variance components were estimated. Based on the Z-scores of the estimated variance components, empirical percentile growth curves were constructed. A total of 5,594 and 5,680 body weight and age measurements of male and female Thoroughbreds, respectively, and 3,770 withers height and age measurements were used in the analyses. The developed empirical percentile growth curves using Z-scores are computationally feasible and useful for monitoring individual growth parameters of body weight and withers height of young Thoroughbred horses, especially during compensatory growth periods.     

Non-genetic factors affecting reproductive traits in Lohi sheep

Abstract

The data on breeding and performance records (3830) of 1134 Lohi ewes kept at an Institutional Livestock Experiment Station, Okara in Punjab province during the period from 1972 through 2001 were used to study the influence of some non-genetic factors such as year and season of birth/lambing, age and weight at first service sex of lamb born, birth type, age of dam on various reproductive traits. The age of ewes at first service averaged 615.6±8.2 days and was not significantly affected by the year and season of birth of the ewes. The ewes born during spring season had comparatively low (613.6±7.9 days) age at first service than autumn born (617.5±9.8 days). The type of birth did not significantly influence age at first service. The least squares mean for the weight at first service was 42.10±0.24 kg and was significantly (P<0.01) influenced by the ewe's year and season of birth. The spring-born ewes were heavier (42.3±0.3 kg) at first service than autumn-born ewes (41.9±0.3 kg). The weight at first service was also significantly affected by the age at first service. The type of birth did not significantly influence weight at first service. The number of services per conception averaged 1.29±0.03 and varied significantly (P<0.01) between seasons. The number of services per conception was higher (1.37±0.02) in ewes bred during autumn than those bred in spring (1.16±0.06). The effects of years and weight at service on the number of services per conception were non-significant. The number of services per conception significantly increased with advancing age. Mean gestation period was 152.31±0.08 days and it was significantly affected by the years and seasons of lambing and the age of the ewe at lambing. However, gestation length was not significantly affected due to birth type and sex of the lamb born.     

不同生境芦苇的营养成分分析

本文分析了分布在不同生境条件下的芦苇的营养成分，结果表明，（１）单位面积地上部生物量以沼泽芦苇为最高，沙丘芦苇次之，过渡带芦苇较低，盐化草甸芦苇最低；碳水化合物总量沙丘芦苇＞沼泽芦苇＞过渡带芦苇＞盐化草甸芦苇；粗蛋白含量由高到低顺序为：盐化草甸芦苇、沙丘芦苇、沼泽芦苇、过渡带芦苇。（２）４种生境芦苇的总氨基酸和游离氨基酸中均含有１８种天然氢基酸，其中１０种必需氨基酸含量因生境条件不同而备有差异。但总氨基酸及结构氨基酸中必需氨基酸含量均在１０％以上。由此得出，４种生境芦苇利用价值由高到低的顺序依次为：沙丘芦苇、沼泽芦苇、过渡带芦苇、盐化草甸芦苇。     

昌潍白猪内分泌腺的生长发育规律

系统研究了1～8月龄昌潍白猪(192头)内分泌腺的性状指标,并由此得出了其内分泌腺的生长发育规律及其与体重变化的回归方程.结果表明,肾上腺在1～3、5～6月龄生长速度最快(P＜0.01);甲状腺在1～8月龄有2个生长高峰期,即4月龄和6月龄;胸腺的生长高峰期集中于3～4月龄(P＜0.01),颈部胸腺在1～3月龄生长速度显著快于胸部胸腺,胸部胸腺左侧生长发育明显快于右侧;脑垂体在2～6月龄生长速度较快.肾上腺、甲状腺、胸腺、脑垂体随体重变化的回归方程分别是y=0.019 9x+0.801 6(r=0.975 9,P＜0.01);y=0.163 4x+1.286 8(r=0.976 1,P＜0.01);y=1.760 8x+26.995 0(r=0.946 2,P＜0.01);y=0.002 4x+0.062 0(r=0.908 3,P＜0.01).