温度对水稻突变体W1叶色及叶绿素生物合成的影响

本文研究了温度对水稻突变体W1叶色及叶绿素 (Chl)生物合成的影响。W1是温敏型叶色突变体 ,叶色转变的临界温度约为 2 3℃。在高温下 ,突变体W1的Chl和类胡萝卜素 (Caro)含量与对照无显著的差异 ,幼苗呈绿色 ;低温 (1 5～ 2 0℃ )下W1的Chl和类胡萝卜素 (Caro)含量明显较低 ,表现白化。突变体W1白化苗中的Chla和Chlb含量同时下降 ,Caro Chl的比值增大 ,说明该突变体属于不是由Caro降低而导致的总叶绿素缺陷型。白化苗中Chl生物合成的中间产物原叶绿素 (酸 ) (Pchl)、镁原卟啉 (Mg proto)、原卟啉IX(ProtoIX)含量减少 ,而δ 氨基酮戊酸 (ALA)和胆色素原(PBG)大量积累 ,证明突变体W1低温下Chl生物合成卟啉原形成部位受阻     

三种由Erwiniaspp．引起的新的花卉细菌病害

１９９４年在深圳农科中心花卉大棚中的巴西铁、文心兰和火鹤植株上，发现国内外尚未报道的细菌病害；巴西铁叶枯病，文心兰心腐病和火鹤叶枯病。病原细菌的主要细菌学性状试验结果表明，巴西铁叶枯病菌为菠萝欧氏杆菌（ＥｒｗｉｎｉａａｎａｎａｓＳｅｒｒａｎｏ）的一个菌株，文心兰心腐病和火鹤叶枯病均为兰欧氏杆菌［Ｅ．ｃｙｐｒｉｐｅｄｉｉ（Ｈｏｒｉ）Ｂｅｒｇｅｙｅｔａｌ．］的菌株之一。     

油菜红边特征及其叶面积指数的高光谱估算模型

在2003～2004年油菜生长季，选用6个油菜品种，设置3个氮素水平的小区试验。在不同发育期同步测定油菜冠层的光谱反射率及对应叶片的叶面积指数。利用油菜冠层的光谱反射率数据提取红边参数，分析其变化规律，油菜叶面积指数与红边参数的相关性，估算结果表明：油菜冠层红边一阶导数光谱具有“双峰” 现象，红边位置λ_red位于690～720 nm之间，在油菜生长旺盛期间出现“红边平台”，前期有“红移”，后期有“蓝移”现象；叶面积指数与冠层光谱红边参数λ_red、Dλ_red、S_red之间在开花前存在显著相关，但开花后相关性不显著；利用开花前的红边参数可以估算油菜的叶面积指数，开花后的红边参数不能用于估算油菜的叶面积指数；最后建立了不同时期和开花前油菜叶面积指数的估算模型。     

Comparison of Ni/Zn Accumulation Ability of Thlaspi japonicum from Three Different Areas in Hokkaido

Thlaspi japonicum is a Japanese Ni-hyperaccumulator plant growing in areas with serpentine soil containing a high level of Ni. In the present study, we investigated the ability of wild Thlaspi japonicum plants inhabiting non-ultramafic soil areas of Hokkaido to accumulate Ni/Zn. Wild T. japonicum plants growing on Rebun Island (Rebun-T) accumulated small amounts of Ni, while the plants cultivated on ultramafic rock soil accumulated large amounts of Ni, like T. japonicum growing on Mt. Yubari (Yubari-T), and this change was also observed for T. japonicum growing on Mt. Tengu (Tengu-T). All the T. japonicum plants transplanted on both ultramaflc soil or Andosol accumulated over 100 mg kg⁻¹ Zn, especially the Ni/Zn content of Tengu-T plants tended to be higher than that of the plants growing in the other two areas. In contrast, transplanting of Yubari-T plants from ultramafic soil with a high level of Ni to soil with a lower-Ni content decrease of the Ni concentration in the leaves. Wild Rebun-T plants showed a smaller biomass than the Yubari-T and Tengu-T plants, and some individuals of the Rebun-T population were smaller than those of the other populations, with tiny radical leaves. Zinc content of the small leaves was not significantly different from that in large leaves. These results suggested that T. japonicum plants are able to accumulate high Ni/Zn accumulation, regardless ecotype, habitat and leaf size.     

小麦抗叶锈基因Lr44的AFLP分子标记

Lr44基因来源于小麦的一个近缘种一斯佩耳特小麦，与Lr33连锁，尚未在生产中广泛使用。该基因在我国小麦资源谱中苗期和成株期抗叶锈良好，具有较大的应用潜力。目前尚未见到关于Lr44基因分子标记的报道。     

Foliar application of iron,zinc, and manganese nano-chelates improves physiological indicators and soybean yield under water deficit stress

Abstract

To investigate the effect of foliar application of nano-chelates of iron, zinc, and manganese subjected to different irrigation conditions on physiological traits, and yield of soybean (cultivar M9), a split plot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in two crop years (2016–2017). The main plot included four levels of irrigation (I): full irrigation (I ₁), irrigation withhold at flowering stage (I ₂), irrigation withhold at podding stage (I ₃), and irrigation withhold during the grain filling period (I ₄). Also, the subplot included eight levels of foliar application with Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe?+?Zn, Fe?+?Mn, Zn?+?Mn, Fe?+?Zn?+?Mn nano-chelates, and distilled water (control). The results of combined analysis of variance suggested that the effect of irrigation and foliar application of nano-chelate was significant on all traits. Water deficit stress significantly reduced the grain yield. The minimum numbers of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, 100-seed weight per plant, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll concentration, total dry weight of plant, and the grain yield were obtained by irrigation withhold at podding stage. Foliar application of combined nano-chelates increased the soybean resistance against water shortage more considerably than the separate consumption of these elements. Under drought stress in podding stage, the application of Fe?+?Zn led to the highest yield with a mean of 2613.84?kg ha^?1 where this increase was 61.1% higher than control.     

水氮耦合对小麦旗叶光合特性及籽粒产量的影响

在盆栽条件下,以旱地小麦品种‘长旱58’为材料,研究水氮耦合对冬小麦旗叶主要光合特性及小麦籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,在2种水分处理下小麦旗叶的叶绿素SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及产量等都随氮肥施用量增加而增加,氮肥主要通过影响小麦旗叶Pn和小麦的穗数、穗粒数来影响产量。在不施氮(N0,0g·kg-1)及正常施氮(N1,0.2g·kg-1)处理下,中度水分胁迫(W2,土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%~60%)处理的小麦旗叶的光合速率及产量大于充分灌溉处理(W1,土壤含水量为田间持水量的70%~80%),而在高氮(N2,0.4g·kg-1)处理下则相反。说明,适度水氮运筹会提高小麦旗叶光合能力及籽粒产量形成,主要表现为粒质量的增加。     

油茶叶片中茶皂素和黄酮含量动态变化规律

为了解油茶叶片中茶皂素和黄酮含量的动态变化规律,分别采用乙醇回流法与分光光度法对不同树龄、叶龄及不同月份的油茶叶片进行茶皂素和黄酮提取与含量测定。结果发现,油茶叶片中茶皂素、黄酮含量随树龄增加表现为先增加后减少,且均在5 a树龄前后达到最大值,分别为117.28、43.61 mg/g。随叶龄增加,油茶叶片黄酮含量先减少后增加,茶皂素含量则呈逐渐增加趋势。30 a树龄植株叶片中的黄酮和茶皂素含量在12个月份中波动明显,黄酮含量在20.14~22.78 mg/g变化,在4月和10月分别达到峰值;茶皂素含量在50.69~60.86 mg/g变化,在8—10月维持在较高水平。因此,以油茶叶片为原材料进行黄酮与茶皂素提取时,叶片的采摘时间应选择每年10月份前后的老叶,树龄的确定则在收益低于成本后越早越好。     

高抗白叶枯病系列杂交稻的选育

利用携有抗白叶枯病显性基因Xa-7的DV85作原始抗源,先与台中本地1号(TN1)杂交,育成携有Xa-7基因的中间衍生抗源TD,再用TD作母本与明恢63进行杂交,杂交后代中选择目标个体与明恢63持续多代回交,经测交、筛选,相继育成携有Xa-7基因的高抗白叶枯病的恢复系抗恢63、抗恢98及D205等,分别与珍汕97A、Ⅱ-32A等配组,先后育成了抗优63、抗优98(Ⅱ优98)、Ⅱ优205等高产、高抗白叶枯病的系列杂交稻新组合,并通过了省级审定,从而解决了我国杂交水稻不抗白叶枯病的难题.