河北省主推番茄品种抗黄化曲叶病鉴定与筛选初报

采用田间自然鉴定方法对河北省42个番茄生产主推品种进行抗番茄黄化曲叶病鉴定。结果表明,‘迪芬尼’、‘74 589’、‘佳西娜’、‘格利’、‘74 587’、‘荷兰6号’、‘Ty204’等7个品种田间表现明显抗番茄黄化曲叶病,发病率分别为0、0、0、1.35%、1.32%、0、1.76%。其余35个品种田间均表现明显感病,发病率最高的品种为‘鲁寿巨粉’,发病率达到99.22%,各品种发病率差异显著。     

草莓褐色轮斑病病原鉴定及室内药效研究*

草莓褐色轮斑病近年越来越严重,尤其在草莓育苗阶段。从草莓发病叶片、匍匐茎上分离得到病原菌,对病原菌进行形态特征观察、生物学特性研究、ITS序列分析以及室内药效试验。结果表明：该病原菌为Sphaeronaemella fragariae。该菌菌丝生长最适温度范围是25～28 ℃;适宜pH为6;在供试的几种碳、氮源中,最适的碳源是蔗糖,最适的氮源是酵母浸出液。在供试的9种药剂中,以咪鲜胺1 000倍液对病菌的抑制作用最好。     

Competitive interactions between weedy rice and cultivated rice as a function of added nitrogen and the level of competition

The competitive outcomes between weedy rice from Malaysia (MWR), the Philippines (PWR), and Vietnam (VWR) and cultivated rice (IR64) grown in pots were evaluated in a replacement series experiment with added N (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha^?1) and competition with IR64 plants (no competition, eight weedy rice plants : 0 IR64 plants; low competition, six weedy rice plants : two IR64 plants; and high competition, two weedy rice plants : six IR64 plants). The growth observations were taken at 10 weeks after sowing. When grown in a monoculture (no competition with IR64 plants), the PWR plants had a lower shoot biomass across N rates than did the MWR and VWR plants. The leaf area and shoot biomass of weedy rice across populations significantly increased with an increase in the N application rate. Each weedy rice population and the IR64 population showed linear responses of the leaf area and shoot biomass to the N rate at all levels of competition. The weedy rice and IR64 plants, when grown without competition, had a similar rate of response in the shoot biomass to the N rate. However, when grown in competition, the response to the added N varied among the weedy rice populations. The MWR plants under competition produced a similar amount of shoot biomass to the IR64 plants per unit addition of N. In contrast, the PWR and VWR populations under competition produced a greater amount of shoot biomass with each additional unit of N, compared to the IR64 population. The results illustrate that N fertilizer management might affect the outcome of weedy rice competition. This information could be incorporated into weedy rice management strategies.     

莲藕切片机的设计与研究

对莲藕切片机的结构、工作原理作了介绍，对关键部件作了优化设计，为制造莲藕切片机提供了理论上的设计依据。     

茶树叶片内核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶酶蛋白水平的研究

茶树叶片内核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶蛋白水平,随着新梢叶片的逐渐成熟而增加,当叶龄在33～48天,叶片完全成熟时,蛋白水平达最高值并持续稳定,以后随叶龄的进一步增大而呈下降趋势;叶位试验也表现出相同的变化规律,以芽下第4～6叶位叶中的蛋白水平为稳定最高;在年生育过程中,不同品种春梢叶在春、夏、秋三季中的蛋白水平均以夏季最低,但福鼎大白茶表现为春>秋,而龙井43与龙井长叶表现为秋>春;不同品种春、夏、秋三季新梢叶中的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶蛋白水平差异,福鼎大白茶与政和大白茶表现为春>秋>夏的规律,龙井43、龙井长叶、迎霜、水古四品种则以秋季最高,春、夏差异不大.     

水稻第三叶片表面的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜对普通野猪、籼稻和粳稻三叶期第三叶表面结构进行了观察研究。发现了三叶期第三叶片的硅化－木栓细胞带和气孔器乳突发育不完全的现象。气孔带乳突特征是粳稻小而密，普通野稻大而稀，籼稻居中。大瘤状乳突的形状，普通野稻为扁圆柱形，籼稻为长圆柱形，粳稻为椭圆球形，但农家粳稻品种与普通野稻相似。     

变值轧制成型技术及其在农用板簧制造方面的应用

变值轧制成型是采用轧制的方式制造零件或毛坯的工艺方法，是一种新兴的有发展前途的制造技术。介绍了变值轧制成型工艺的基本原理和工艺方法，变值轧制成型时，辊缝跟踪设定的数值，辊缝是工件长度的函数，同时分析了设定辊缝、轧制压力、轧机刚度等因素对被成型工件厚度精度的影响。以变截面板弹簧形成理论和制造过程为例，介绍了变值轧制成型技术在农业机械和农用运输车变截面板簧制造方面的应用。变值轧制成型技术将成为制造具有变截面形状结构零件的主要方法。     

水肥耦合对春小麦有效叶面积及产量的影响

在自然、适宜、充足3种土壤水分和无肥、中肥、高肥3种施肥水平耦合作用条件下,研究水肥对春小麦拔节期、孕穗期、灌浆期有效叶面积和产量的影响。结果表明,春小麦有效叶面积与施肥水平呈正相关,产量以适宜水分高肥耦合最高,为3713kg／hm2。     

A quick and efficient screen for resistance to iron toxicity in lowland rice

Iron (Fe) toxicity is a major stress to rice in many lowland environments worldwide. Due to excessive uptake of Fe²⁺ by the roots and its acropetal translocation into the leaves, toxic oxygen radicals may form and damage cell structural components, thus impairing physiological processes. The typical visual symptom is the “bronzing” of the rice leaves, leading to substantial yield losses, particularly when toxicity occurs during early vegetative growth stages. The problem is best addressed through genotype improvement, i.e., tolerant cultivars. However, the time of occurrence and the severity of symptoms and yield responses vary widely among soil types, years, seasons, and genotypes. Cultivars resistant in one system may fail when transferred to another. Better targeting of varietal improvement requires selection tools improving our understanding of the resistance mechanisms and strategies of rice in the presence of excess iron. A phytotron study was conducted to develop a screen for seedling resistance to Fe toxicity based on individual plants subjected to varying levels of Fe (0–3000 mg L^–1 Fe supplied as Fe(II)SO₄), stress duration (1–5 d of exposure), vapor‐pressure deficit (VPD; 1.1 and 1.8 kPa), and seedling age (14 and 28 d). Genotypes were evaluated based on leaf‐bronzing score and tissue Fe concentrations. A clear segregation of the genotypic tolerance spectrum was obtained when scoring 28 d old seedlings after 3 d of exposure to 2000 mg L^–1 Fe in a high‐VPD environment. In most cases, leaf‐bronzing scores were highly correlated with tissue Fe concentration (visual differentiation in includer and excluder types). The combination of these two parameters also identified genotypes tolerating high levels of Fe in the tissue while showing only few leaf symptoms (tolerant includers). The screen allows selecting genotypes with low leaf‐bronzing score as resistant to Fe toxicity, and additional analyses of the tissue Fe concentration of those can identify the general adaptation strategy to be utilized in breeding programs.