外源水杨酸对杂交稻幼苗抗白叶枯病的效应

杂交水稻幼苗感染白叶枯病菌后,其叶片中ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＸ活性明显增强,ＭＤＡ含量和膜透性显著提高。经过一定浓度水杨酸（ＳＡ）浸种或３叶期幼苗根际预处理,ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＸ活性呈增长趋势,而膜脂过氧化作用受到不同程度的抑制。３叶期幼苗施用ＳＡ比浸种处理效果好。感病组合汕优６３的变化幅度大于抗病组合威优６号。可认为ＳＡ对杂交稻幼苗抗白叶枯病有一定效应。     

番茄叶片再生系统建立的研究

比较了不同基本培养基、不同激素及其不同浓度组合对4个番茄栽培品种叶片诱导愈伤组织、不定芽分化及其生根的效果.结果表明:MS+6-BA 3.0mg/L+IAA0.2mg/L+蔗糖30 mg/L(pH=5.8)对愈伤组织诱导及诱导愈伤组织分化不定芽的效果最佳;MS+IAA 0.1mg/L+蔗糖20mg/L培养基对生根最好。     

玉米早期及吐丝期去叶对生长发育的影响

玉米叶面积损失对其生长发育有影响,2001～2002年分别在温室和田间进行了试验.结果表明:①在温室试验中,去叶处理在播种20 d以后进行,每隔14 d打去2～3片叶,会影响株高、抽雄期、吐丝期、根和地上部分的产量,不影响茎粗及根与地上部分之比.②在田间试验中,在50%的植株抽丝后7 d做了6种去叶处理,打去植株所有的叶对果穗干重、子粒中干物质积累、千粒重和产量影响最大;打去果穗以上所有的叶片与打去果穗以下所有叶片对果穗和子粒干物质积累无明显差异;打去果穗以上半数的叶片与对照基本无差异。     

基于机器视觉的莲子去芯位置的定位方法

提出一种基于机器视觉的莲子去芯位置定位的方法,并搭建试验平台进行去芯验证。采集4个产地、不同尺寸的莲子,用2个相互垂直的摄像头采集凹槽内莲子图像,对图像进行裁剪和灰度处理后,通过莲子头部和尾部的灰度特征差异识别莲子朝向;对沿长轴尾部向上的莲子图像进行二值化处理,经腐蚀运算以消除边缘杂质,缩放以增大特征点的曲率,利用角点检测确定莲子去芯位置坐标后进行坐标换算,计算机械手移动距离,实现莲子去芯作业。试验表明：莲子理想去芯位置为莲子尾部凸点,莲子朝向判别成功率约97%,尾部凸点识别准确率约97%,整体识别成功率约94%,去芯成功率约93%,单颗莲子图像处理平均时间约78 ms,平均去芯时间约0.5 s。若以尾部凸点识别成功数为基数计算,则莲子去芯成功率可达98.9%。     

Isolation of Microdochium oryzae and Pinatubo oryzae from Rice Seeds and their Survival on Stored Seeds

The aim of these studies was to develop a semi-selective medium to differentiate Microdochium oryzae and Pinatubo oryzae, determine the frequency of seed infection of M. oryzae, study survival of the pathogen in stored seeds, and determine the frequency of infection of seed components. To simulate epidemics of differing intensities, panicles of rice cultivars that are susceptible (IR36) and resistant (IR42 and IR46) to M. oryzae were either non-inoculated, inoculated once, twice, or three times with a conidial suspension of M. oryzae. Both M. oryzae and P. oryzae colonies were recovered from seeds and were similar in culture. A semi-selective medium developed to detect M. oryzae seed infection rates aided in differentiating M. oryzae and P. oryzae by stimulating aerial conidiogenesis of P. oryzae. The conclusions taken from these results were: (a) seeds of IR36 had higher infection of M. oryzae than of IR42 and IR46 from plants grown in the dry season, but had lower infection of M. oryzae than of IR42 and IR46 from plants grown in the wet season; (b) M. oryzae infected seeds increased with an increase in the epidemic intensity with the highest occurring after three inoculations, the least occurring with non-inoculation, and intermediate with one, or two inoculations; (c) survival of M. oryzae decreased over time in seed lots stored at 10°C and 40% relative humidity and (d) all components of the rice seeds of IR36, IR42 and IR46 lots were infected with M. oryzae with the highest frequency in the endosperm and lemma, intermediate in the basal glumes and palea, and the least in the embryo.     

灭幼脲三号对金纹细蛾和果园天敌的作用

本研究结果表明,施药后３０天,灭幼脲三号１２５ｍｇ／Ｌ、灭扫利１００ｍｇ／Ｌ、水胺硫磷４００ｍｇ／Ｌ对金纹细蛾的防治效果分别为９９．１％、４１．０％、５２．１％,灭幼脲三号常用剂量对金纹细蛾跳小蜂成虫和蛹茧,以及异色瓢虫２龄纪虫无直接毒性,中天敌幼虫生长发育和变态,而灭扫利和水胺硫磷常用剂量对两种天敌直接杀伤作用很强。     

农用运输车钢板弹簧计算机辅助参数设计

针对目前农用运输车钢板弹簧选用不合理及用经验公式进行手工计算的低效率设计问题,分析了常用钢板弹簧的结构性能特点和适用范围。以多片等截面式和少片变截面式钢板弹簧为例,介绍了用计算机辅助设计方法进行钢板弹簧参数设计的步骤。最后用作者开发的计算机程序,对某１．０ｔ级农用运输车的前悬架多片等截面钢板弹簧进行了参数设计,结果表明,用计算机辅助设计手段可大大提高钢板弹簧的设计效率。     

稻螟蛉发育起点温度,有效积温和过冷却点的研究

在恒温条件下测定了稻螟蛉各虫态的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温。试验表明：在14,19,24,28,32℃恒温处理下,全世代发育历期分别为56．750,41．179,32．696,22．986,16．334d。全世代发育起点温度为9．39℃。有效积温为395．31d℃;测定了各虫态的过冷却点和结冰点。其越冬蛹的过冷却点为-27．65℃、结冰点为-22．56℃,证实了稻螟蛉可以蛹态在沈阳地区越冬。     

施用镁肥对桑叶产量和叶质的影响

试验表明在Ｋ／Ｍｇ相对较高的酸性土壤,施用镁肥可提高桑叶产量和改善桑叶品质,在生产上可以施用钙镁磷肥或喷施２％硫酸镁溶液。