高温胁迫对水稻剑叶净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

对两个耐热性不同的水稻材料进行高温处理(8:00-17:00,37℃;17:00-8:00,30℃),研究了高温胁迫对水稻剑叶净光合速率和叶绿索荧光参数的影响.结果表明,高温胁迫下两个材料的剑叶光合速率迅速降低,热敏感的4628比耐热的996下降幅度更大.高温下 996 PSⅡ反应中心和天线系统受到的伤害轻,反应中心过...     

网室中马铃薯脱毒微型薯生产技术

在常规的网室马铃薯脱毒微型薯的生产中,脱毒试管苗的移栽成活率在60%左右,甚至更低,对人力、财力是很大浪费。为了解决这个问题,本文从防虫网棚温室的设施、基质的配制、水肥管理、病虫害综合防治措施等方面进行了改进和建立规范化生产,使试管苗移栽成活率达到97%,以期为高效低成本马铃薯脱毒微型薯工厂化生产提供技术参考。     

Whole farm implications on the application of variable rate technology to every cropped field

In the last 10 years precision agriculture has evolved and it is now possible to manage cropping inputs at the sub field scale. However, the expected return generated by these management practices varies with the amount and predictability of the spatial variation in crop yield across the field and may vary from field to field across the farm. We analysed the spatial variation of crop yield from 20 fields totalling 2832 ha from a 5200 ha farm in Western Australia at the field and the sub field scale to determine the economic value of introducing variable rate management (VRT) strategies to fields across the entire farm. In this case study, 6 out of 20 fields generated an additional economic payoff of AU$15/ha when managed with VRT over uniform management. Sensitivity analysis found that the starting levels of soil fertility were an important driver of the payoff for managing a field with VRT. If starting soil fertility was low and uniform across the field, then no fields generated an economic return of more than AU$7.00/ha when managed with VRT. Other factors, including commodity price, fertiliser price, amount of variation in crop yield within the field moderately increased the value of adopting VRT across fields within farm the value of VRT increased if fertiliser budgets were constrained, particularly if the yield distribution of the field was negatively skewed. While VRT does add value to many fields across the farm, the gains are small and the technology must be implemented cheaply for it to be viable.     

Effects of the potassium application rate on lipid synthesis and eating quality of two rice cultivars

Lipid content has an important effect on rice eating quality, but the effects of fertilizer application rate on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice are not well understood. Potassium (K) has a strong influence on rice quality and the requirement for K fertilizer in rice is greater than for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers. To investigate the effects of K fertilizer on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice, we used Nanjing 9108 (NJ9108, japonica) and IR72 (indica) rice as experimental materials and four K levels: K0 (0 kg ha^–1), K1 (90 kg ha^–1), K2 (135 kg ha^–1) and K3 (180 kg ha^–1). The results showed that the lipid content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content, malonyl-CoA (MCA) content, phosphatidic acid (PA) content, lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and eating quality first increased and then decreased with increasing K in both cultivars. The maximum values were obtained under K2. However, the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content showed the opposite trend. No significant differences were found in pyruvate (PYR) content among the K treatments. The protein and oxaloacetic acid (OAA) contents and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity of NJ9108 first decreased and then increased with increasing K, and the minimum values were obtained under K2; while IR72 showed the opposite trend and the maximum values were obtained under K1. Overall, increasing K optimized the fatty acid components and increased the lipid content and eating quality of rice by enhancing lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and regulating substrate competition for lipid and protein synthesis. The optimal K application rate for lipid synthesis, eating quality and grain yield was 135 kg ha^–1 for both cultivars.     

毛蚶保活技术研究

[目的]探讨毛蚶的无水保活技术。[方法]以毛蚶为研究对象,设置不同温度组（-1.3～25℃）的贮藏条件,并使用海水浸透的纱布控制100%的湿度对各温度组进行湿度控制,同时进行充氧包装,研究温度、湿度和氧气对毛蚶成活率的影响。[结果]毛蚶的结冰点为-1.6℃左右,生态冰温区域在-1.6～0℃。随着温度的升高,毛蚶成活率逐渐降低。成活率最高的为冰温保藏（-1.3～0℃）,在第6天时存活率仍为100%。控制湿度组成活率总体优于不控制湿度组,充氧包装可以提高毛蚶的成活率。[结论]温度是毛蚶保活的基本条件,在一定温度范围内,温度和毛蚶成活率呈负相关性;控制湿度和氧气供应对毛蚶的保活效果具有正面影响。     

东北藿香叶蛋白质的提取研究

[目的]确定藿香叶蛋白质的最佳提取工艺条件。[方法]以风干的藿香叶为原料,分析了料液比、pH值、提取温度、提取时间对叶蛋白质提取率的影响。并在单因素提取试验的基础上,设计了正交优化试验。[结果]提取时间对藿香叶蛋白质提取率的影响不是特别大,其他3个因子的影响顺序为：料液比〉pH值〉温度。在料液比1∶30,pH值9.5,温度45℃的条件下,提取75min,水溶性蛋白质的提取率最大,达88.54%。[结论]确定了藿香叶蛋白的最佳提取工艺条件,为综合利用东北藿香叶提供了依据。     

地被月季试管苗移栽试验研究

[目的]扩大地被月季生产规模,为地被月季试管苗在园林绿化中推广使用提供理论依据。[方法]以地被月季试管苗为试材,研究不同炼苗处理及不同栽培基质对地被月季试管苗移栽成活率的影响。[结果]地被月季试管苗最佳炼苗时间为4 d;以蛭石∶珍珠岩为1∶2配比的栽培基质成活率最高,达到了96%,试管苗生长最好。[结论]蛭石∶珍珠岩为1∶2配比的移栽基质可以作为地被月季试管苗移栽基质。     

不同生草处理对雪青梨光合特性的影响

[目的]研究不同生草制度对雪青梨光合特性的影响,选择适合雪青梨行间种植的草种。[方法]以雪青梨为试材,利用CIRAS-2便携式光合作用测定系统测定了4种生草制度下,雪青梨的净光合速率变化和光合作用日变化。[结果]雪青梨的净光合速率（Pn）日变化呈单峰型,不同生草制度下雪青梨的Pn不同,行间种植三叶草处理的雪青梨叶片的Pn最高,为11.08μmol/（m^2·s）,其次为黑麦草,为10.48μmol/（m^2·s）,清耕条件下最低,为9.28μmol/（m^2·s）;不同生草模式下清耕的气孔阻止值最大（0.349 5）,黑麦草的最小（0.234 8）;三叶草的水分利用率最大（2.848）,清耕的最小（2.048）。[结论]该研究为梨树果园行间生草大面积的推广提供了理论依据。     

不同植物生长剂对宁夏枸杞嫩枝扦插成苗的影响

[目的]优化宁夏枸杞嫩枝扦插技术。[方法]在5月底至6月底选择当年生、健壮、无病虫害的嫩枝作扦插穗,以清水处理为对照,研究不同浓度（250、500、750、1 000 mg/L）的植物生长调节剂速浸处理枝插条对宁夏枸杞扦插成活率、株高、平均根数及平均根长的影响。[结果]不同浓度的吲哚丁酸（IBA）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）和萘乙酸（NAA）处理均能显著提高宁夏枸杞嫩枝扦插成活率、株高、平均根数和平均根长,其中不同浓度IBA处理的枝条成活率均高于IAA和NAA处理,750 mg/LIBA处理的枝条成活率、成活枝条的株高、平均生根数、平均根长最长。[结论]不同浓度的植物生长调节剂快速浸蘸插条基部均可提高宁夏枸杞扦插枝条的成活率、株高、平均根数和平均根长,其中750 mg/LIBA处理效果最好。     

固定化藻菌去除淡水养殖废水氨氮效果及模型拟建

[目的]研究固定化藻菌去除水养殖废水氨氮效果及模型拟建.[方法]利用固定化藻菌(ABI)处理淡水养殖废水中的氨氮,采用多因子正交试验得到温度(T)、PH、光照强度(I)、溶解氧(DO)和填充率五因子与氨氮去除率(AR)之间的关系数据,拟建五因子与氨氮去除率关系模型.[结果]五因子对氨氮去除率均具有显著影响,最佳去氮氮组合为,温度30℃、pH值7.0、光照强度6 000 lx、溶解氧5.0 mg/L、填充率10%.根据实验数据拟建的方程模型决定系数R2=0.864 8,相伴概率P<0.05,对氨氮去除率的模型预测值与实际测值进行样本T-检验,结果表明总体均值差异显著值sig.为0.978(P>0.05),模型预测值与实际测值数据组无显著性差异,模型具有较高拟合度.[结论]为实现养殖废水中氨氮去除或浓度降低提供参考依据. Abstract： Applied Immobilized algae bacteria (ABI) to remove ammonia of freshwater aquaculture wastewater.Temperature (T),PH,light intensity (I),dissolved oxygen (DO) and filling rate five factors plays important role in the process of ammonia nitrogen removal,related data between ammonia removal and five factors was received through multi-factor orthogonal test,and established relations model between the five factor and nitrogen removal.The results show that five-factors had significant effect on AR,and the best combinations for removing AR was temperature 30 ℃,pH=7.0,light intensity 6 000 lux,dissolved oxygen 5.0 mg/L and the fill rate 10%.According to the experimental data,equation model was proposed and coefficient of determination R2=0.864 8,P<0O.05.Samples T-test was done between the model predictions and the actual measured values.Test results showed that the significant difference of overall mean value sig.(2-tailed) was 0.978 (P>0.05),it Shows that had no significant difference between model predictions and the actual measured value,and model had a high degree of fitting.