草原蝗虫空间格局及其抽样技术的研究

根据改进的m*=α′ β′m γm2模型和聚集度指标,研究了草原混合种群的空间分布.结果表明,蝻期蝗虫呈聚集分布,在聚集的个体群内,个体间是相互排斥的.成虫期分布的基本成分是个体群,个体间相互吸引,而个体群的分布是均匀的.以聚集度(m*/m)的时序动态表明,蝗蝻初期呈均匀分布,盛期呈聚集分布,成虫期为均匀分布.在测报和防治中,混合种群的理论抽样数为20～40个样点.     

表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的重组鸭瘟病毒的构建

利用PCR技术扩增出鸭瘟病毒(DPV)生长非必需区的TK基因(约2.5kb),将其克隆入pUC19载体获得载体puDTK。根据已知载体pcDNA-LacZ的序列设计了一对引物,PCR扩增出pcDNA-LacZ上含CMV启动子、多克隆位点、SV40及LacZ的完整的基因表达盒插入puDTK的TK上,获得质粒puDTCL。根据Genbank已发表的H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的血凝素(HA)基因序列,设计引物从T-HA质粒上扩增出HA基因,克隆到puDTCL的表达盒的多克隆位点NheI与ApaI之间,成功构建含LacZ及HA基因的转移载体质粒puDTCL-HA。将这载体质粒与DPV34F2疫苗毒共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),经蓝斑克隆筛选和纯化,获得了遗传性状稳定的表达HA基因的重组鸭瘟病毒。     

绿僵菌防治低密度草原蝗虫对蝗虫多样性的影响

目前草原蝗虫的防治受到国家及地方高度重视,而因化学农药对生态的破坏严重,生物农药越来越受到各界人士的青睐。针对化学农药和生物农药(绿僵菌)防治草原蝗虫后的对比进一步证实生物农药防治草原蝗虫的对生态的保护作用,同时也证实了生物农药对生物多样性也有一定的影响。     

四倍体刺槐茎段遗传转化体系优化的研究

利用携带pCAMBIA2300-beta质粒的根癌农杆菌GV3101对四倍体刺槐的茎段进行遗传转化,并从As用法、菌液的活化及低温预培养3方面对四倍体刺槐转化效率的影响进行研究,发现用As溶液对外植体伤口处进行浸泡处理可明显提高抗性芽的获得率,得到的转基因株系经PCR检测为阳性。     

我国古代蝗灾社会反应机制定型期研究

概述了南宋以前各代应对蝗灾的措施,从积极和消极2方面探讨了南宋蝗灾的社会反映机制,指出了蝗灾反应机制在南宋最终定型,并成为南宋以后各代的基本模式。     

鸡抗小鹅瘟病毒IgY提取方法的比较试验

为了建立一套规范的鸡抗小鹅瘟病毒IgY的提取方法,试验采用水化法和辛酸法分别提取IgY,研究各种因素对IgY提取效果的影响,对2种方法提取的鸡抗小鹅瘟病毒IgY进行指标检测。结果表明：水化法提取的IgY的蛋白含量为18.611mg/mL,效价为1∶16,辛酸法提取的蛋白含量为18.630mg/mL,效价为1∶16,且2种IgY的纯度基本相同,判定2种方法的提取效果基本相同。     

Comparative Effects of Fish and Cow Gelatins and Locust Bean Gum on Chemical,Textural, and Sensory Properties of Yogurt

ABSTRACT

Yogurt is a traditional dairy product widely consumed all over the world. Syneresis, which is a result of lower water holding capacity, is a big concern and an important quality parameter. In this study, the efficiency of locust bean gum and different gelatins (fish skin, fish scale, and bovine skin) in preventing syneresis was investigated. Samples were stored at 4°C for 2 weeks, a typical shelf life of yogurt, and analyzed periodically for quality parameters. Syneresis, viscosity, and water holding capacity of the control and gum added samples were almost identical, while gelatin added samples were generally significantly improved (p < 0.05).     

陕西蝗虫的生物多样性及其生态地理分布

为弄清陕西蝗虫的生物多样性及生态地理分布,采用G-F指数法,对近年陕西蝗虫的生物多样性及其分布进行了研究。结果表明:陕西目前已知蝗虫有3总科9科57属111种,秦巴山区的蝗虫分布占总种数的72.97%,渭河平原占40.54%,陕北高原占47.74%。秦巴山区单科种较多,而陕北蝗虫单科种较少,陕北高原和秦巴山区多样性指数与蝗虫的种类分布相反。     

Improving preventive locust management: insights from a multi‐agent model

BACKGROUND

Preventive management of locust plagues works in some cases but still fails frequently. The role of funding institution awareness was suggested as a potential facilitating factor for cyclic locust plagues. We designed a multi‐agent system to represent the events of locust plague development and a management system with three levels: funding institution, national control unit and field teams. A sensitivity analysis identified the limits and improvements of the management system.

RESULTS

The model generated cyclic locust plagues through a decrease in funding institution awareness. The funding institution could improve its impact by increasing its support by just a few percent. The control unit should avoid hiring too many field teams when plagues bring in money, in order to ensure that surveys can be maintained in times of recession. The more information the teams can acquire about the natural system, the more efficient they will be.

CONCLUSION

We argue that anti‐locust management should be considered as a complex adaptive system. This not only would allow managers to prove to funders the random aspect of their needs, but would also enable funders and decision‐makers to understand and integrate their own decisions into the locust dynamics that still regularly affect human populations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

鸭瘟强毒株和疫苗株对雏鸭IFN-γ基因表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同毒力的鸭瘟病毒(DPV)感染对雏鸭INF-γ mRNA表达水平的影响,为DPV的感染与免疫机制提供理论依据。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对接种了鸭瘟强毒株和疫苗株的雏鸭肝脏及外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)中IFN-γ mRNA的表达水平及鸭瘟病毒(DPV)的荷载量进行动态定量监测。结果表明:①感染鸭瘟强毒后,IFN-γ mRNA 在肝脏中的表达没有明显规律,PBL中IFN-γ mRNA表达水平很高,在此期间(1~12 h),病毒DNA量很少。IFN-γ mRNA表达量在6 h后大幅下降,直到144 h都非常低,而病毒的载量逐渐增大,至144 h时达到峰值。②接种弱毒疫苗后,肝脏中IFN-γ mRNA表达水平较高且稳定,至12 h达到顶峰,约比对照高出8倍。PBL中IFN-γ mRNA表达量较低且不稳定。弱毒DNA荷载量稳定上升,但载量约比强毒低两个数量级。病毒DNA在PBL检测不到。IFN-γ在抵抗鸭瘟强毒中发挥了重要作用;IFN-γ在肝脏中高水平的表达可能是鸭瘟疫苗的免疫机制之一。