刺槐蜜源林培育技术研究

对大量临时标准地和固定样地的调查研究表明：刺槐个体开花量主要受自身遗传特性制约,同时受光照等环境条件影响。其无花和少花个体所占比例约为２０．３％;蜜源林的培育可有用以间伐代修枝的办法,采取以下层间伐抚育为主的方式,疏伐无花和少花个体,保留单株及林冠层的最大有效枝量;利用具有高产遗传特性的个体或高蜜源品系,逐步更新改造现有蜜源林;蜜源林培育的合理郁闭度为０．６￣０．８,适宜培育周期为１５￣２０ａ。     

Aphanomyces astaci presence in Japan: a threat to the endemic and endangered crayfish species Cambaroides japonicus?

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Evaluation of the Francome MkII exhaust nozzle sprayer to apply oil-based formulations of Metarhizium flavoviride for locust control

Conidia of the fungus Metarhizium flavoviride were formulated in a paraffinic oil, ‘Shellsol’ T, and sprayed using the Francome MkII exhaust nozzle sprayer. Germination of the conidia collected from the spray was reduced by 30% as compared to unsprayed conidia. However, in bioassays, there was no detectable difference in virulence with conidia collected from the spray samples and unsprayed formulation. This indicated that, despite the recorded reduction in the concentration of active conidia, the efficacy of the formulation remained unchanged after passing through the exhaust nozzle sprayer. The droplet size spectra produced by the sprayer were investigated using the Malvern series 2600cc particle size analyser. The optimum droplets for locust control produced by this sprayer were generated by the number 1 nozzle (internal diameter 2·5 mm) with the number 1 restrictor ring (internal diameter 12.5 mm) sprayed at a pressure of 0·2 bar. The droplets thus produced had a volume median diameter of 58 μm when the nozzle protruded between 1 and 2 mm above the level of the restrictor ring. Of the droplets in the spray plume created by these conditions, 33% were between 50 and 100 μm, a range recommended as an achievable optimum for the ultra-low-volume application of Metarhizium flavoviride. The role of the exhaust nozzle sprayer as a tool for the application of M. flavoviride for locust control is discussed with reference to other vehicle-mounted ultra-low-volume sprayers. © 1997 SCI     

Estimating symbiotic N2 fixation in Robinia pseudoacacia

Estimating symbiotic di‐nitrogen (N₂) fixation is challenging, especially when working with woody N₂ fixers in field trials. Fortunately, isotope methods based on ¹⁵N natural abundance or on ¹⁵N artificial enrichment (dilution method) make it possible to estimate the proportion of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) in N₂‐fixing species. These methods have been extensively used in the field for herbaceous species, much less for tree species such as alder and acacia, and rarely for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). The objectives of this study were to characterize the fixation potential of black locust in a plantation by using the two ¹⁵N isotope methods in the field, and to document values of isotope fractionation occurring during N₂ fixation (the B value). B values were estimated both by growing trees on an N‐free medium in controlled conditions (B_lab) and by making Ndfa calculated with the natural abundance method converge with Ndfa calculated with the ¹⁵N dilution method in the field (B_field). The two methods gave consistent estimates of the B value. B values ranging between –1.4 and –3.2‰ were found, varying with the age of the plant material. Up to 76% of the N in the black locust trees came from the atmosphere, representing more than 45 kg N ha^?1 over five years and confirming that black locust may be well adapted to N‐poor soils.     

鸭瘟病毒单抗的制备及胶体金试纸条检测方法的建立

【目的】鸭瘟（DP）是由鸭瘟病毒（DPV）引起的一种急性、败血性传染病,以头颈肿胀、食道黏膜和泄殖腔黏膜出血、黄白色溃疡,头颈部皮下有黄白色胶冻样渗出为特征。该病一旦发生,发病急、死亡快、死亡率高,对养鸭业危害严重。快速诊断是控制鸭瘟的重要措施之一,可以及时确定病原,以便采取有效的防制手段。试验旨在建立鸭瘟病毒（DPV）胶体金快速检测方法。【方法】利用生物学软件Protean分析,选择鸭瘟病毒抗原表位较多的一段序列设计引物,PCR扩增目的基因。连接到载体pMD-18T上,测序正确后再连接到原核表达载体pET-28a上。将获得的重组质粒转化至Rosetta感受态细胞中进行诱导表达。表达的蛋白经纯化后测其浓度并经Western blotting鉴定分析。以表达的DPV-gB蛋白作为抗原,免疫7周龄BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经间接ELISA筛选及亚克隆,获得DPV-gB特异性单克隆抗体。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,以制备的 H6F6单抗作为标记抗体（标记的最适pH为8.0-8.5,最佳标记浓度为15倍原液稀释）,将纯化的A8D7单抗（浓度为2倍原液稀释）和羊抗鼠IgG（浓度为10倍稀释）包被在硝酸纤维素膜（NC）上,分别作为检测线和质控线,经条件优化建立了鸭瘟病毒胶体金试纸条检测方法。【结果】共获得4株能稳定分泌抗DPV-gB蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为A8D7、E6C3、H11F8、H6F6。间接ELISA检测腹水效价分别为1:10³、1:10³、1:10⁵、1:10³。亚类鉴定结果分别为IgG2b、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG1,轻链均为kappa链。Western blotting结果显示4株单抗均能与DPV-gB蛋白特异性结合。IFA结果显示制备的4株单抗是针对DPV产生的。建立的胶体金试纸条方法能够特异性地检测鸭瘟病毒,与鸭坦布苏病毒、H9N2亚型禽流感病毒、呼肠孤病毒、减蛋综合征病毒无反应。阳性尿囊液稀释50倍后用该试纸条检测依然为阳性;用不同批次的试纸条重复检测,结果无差异。利用制备的胶体金试纸条和PCR方法对38份临床样品进行检测比较,结果显示两者符合率为91.6 % 。【结论】本研究建立的试纸条检测方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性、重复性和稳定性,可用于DPV的快速检测。     

草原蝗虫空间格局及其抽样技术的研究

根据改进的m*=α′ β′m γm2模型和聚集度指标,研究了草原混合种群的空间分布.结果表明,蝻期蝗虫呈聚集分布,在聚集的个体群内,个体间是相互排斥的.成虫期分布的基本成分是个体群,个体间相互吸引,而个体群的分布是均匀的.以聚集度(m*/m)的时序动态表明,蝗蝻初期呈均匀分布,盛期呈聚集分布,成虫期为均匀分布.在测报和防治中,混合种群的理论抽样数为20～40个样点.     

表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的重组鸭瘟病毒的构建

利用PCR技术扩增出鸭瘟病毒(DPV)生长非必需区的TK基因(约2.5kb),将其克隆入pUC19载体获得载体puDTK。根据已知载体pcDNA-LacZ的序列设计了一对引物,PCR扩增出pcDNA-LacZ上含CMV启动子、多克隆位点、SV40及LacZ的完整的基因表达盒插入puDTK的TK上,获得质粒puDTCL。根据Genbank已发表的H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的血凝素(HA)基因序列,设计引物从T-HA质粒上扩增出HA基因,克隆到puDTCL的表达盒的多克隆位点NheI与ApaI之间,成功构建含LacZ及HA基因的转移载体质粒puDTCL-HA。将这载体质粒与DPV34F2疫苗毒共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),经蓝斑克隆筛选和纯化,获得了遗传性状稳定的表达HA基因的重组鸭瘟病毒。     

绿僵菌防治低密度草原蝗虫对蝗虫多样性的影响

目前草原蝗虫的防治受到国家及地方高度重视,而因化学农药对生态的破坏严重,生物农药越来越受到各界人士的青睐。针对化学农药和生物农药(绿僵菌)防治草原蝗虫后的对比进一步证实生物农药防治草原蝗虫的对生态的保护作用,同时也证实了生物农药对生物多样性也有一定的影响。     

四倍体刺槐茎段遗传转化体系优化的研究

利用携带pCAMBIA2300-beta质粒的根癌农杆菌GV3101对四倍体刺槐的茎段进行遗传转化,并从As用法、菌液的活化及低温预培养3方面对四倍体刺槐转化效率的影响进行研究,发现用As溶液对外植体伤口处进行浸泡处理可明显提高抗性芽的获得率,得到的转基因株系经PCR检测为阳性。     

我国古代蝗灾社会反应机制定型期研究

概述了南宋以前各代应对蝗灾的措施,从积极和消极2方面探讨了南宋蝗灾的社会反映机制,指出了蝗灾反应机制在南宋最终定型,并成为南宋以后各代的基本模式。