晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区刺槐人工林枯落物水文特性

通过对山西省方山县土桥沟流域不同密度、不同林龄刺槐人工林枯落物蓄积量及其持水性能的研究,得出了不同林分枯落物的蓄积量、持水量、吸水速率等特性参数.结果表明,各林分枯落物总蓄积量在1.89～9.30 t/hm2之间,其中9a刺槐林蓄积量＞15 a刺槐林＞20 a刺槐林.枯落物最大持水量及最大持水率均为20a＞15a＞9 a,密度为3333株/hm2时持水量最大,密度为1111株/hm2时持水量最小.枯落物未分解层和半分解层在前0.25 h吸水速率最大,在前2 h内降低幅度最大,以后逐渐减弱,浸水24 h时吸水速率趋近于零.从人工林水文生态功能的角度分析,晋西半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区刺槐人工林的适宜密度为1667株/hm2.     

四倍体刺槐试管苗玻璃化研究

[目的]探索批量组培快繁中的玻璃化的防止方法。[方法]以四倍体刺槐为材料,通过大量规范化系统试验研究试管苗玻璃化的影响因子。[结果]硝态氮与氨态氮处理间差异不显著。培养基中加入水解乳蛋白后玻璃苗减少,但污染率一直很高。棉塞、纱布封口对减少玻璃苗有明显作用。使用KT时玻璃化有所减轻,但繁殖系数只有1.5;使用6-BA时玻璃化苗比例较高,但未发生玻璃化的瓶苗繁殖系数高于3.5。蔗糖和琼脂浓度都可以改变玻璃化频率,其中蔗糖的作用更为明显,但它降低了生长速度。减少玻璃化的温度和光照的最佳组合是温度23℃,光照时间14 h/d。[结论]该研究为防止四倍体刺槐试管苗的玻璃化提供了一些可行的措施。     

基于数据挖掘的肝瘟病阳黄-阴阳黄-阴黄辨证模式用药规律研究

目的 总结“阳黄-阴阳黄-阴黄”辨证模式治疗肝瘟病用药规律。方法 基于“中医临床科研信息一体化技术平台”,制定纳入和排除标准,规则化处理后建立肝瘟病用药数据库,采用频数分析、复杂网络分析、点式互信息等分析方法进行数据挖掘。结果 肝瘟病总体用药频次依次为:茵陈（1 368）,赤芍（1 309）,丹参（1 250）,甘草（1 086）,白术（1 038）等;其中阳黄证以茵陈（1 062）,赤芍（1 016）,丹参（970）,甘草（823）,石菖蒲（796）,白术（760）等为主;阴阳黄证以茵陈（285）,赤芍（272）,白术（268）,丹参（260）,薏苡仁（245）等为主。核心用药中阳黄证为茵陈、赤芍、丹参;阴阳黄证为白术、茵陈、薏苡仁、附子、丹参、赤芍。阳黄、阴阳黄阶段即开始配伍白术、附子等温阳药物。结论 肝瘟病用药总以清热利湿解毒、凉血活血化瘀、益气健脾为主。阳黄证以清热利湿解毒、凉血化瘀为主,阴阳黄证以温阳健脾、活血退黄为主,早期应用温法干预治疗可延缓阴黄化进程。     

国内外蝗虫研究发展动向初探

蝗虫是广泛分布于世界各地尤其是中低纬度地区的一种昆虫，其分布广泛性和危害严重性使之成为多门学科重要的研究对象之一。本文比较系统地总结了当前国内外蝗虫研究状况和近新进展，初步探讨了蝗虫研究中的若干新领域与新技术，对开展相关研究有一定的借鉴意义。     

The Control of Rinderpest in Tanzania between 1997 and 1998

In January 1997, Tanzania requested international assistance against rinderpest on the grounds that the virus had probably entered the country from southern Kenya. Over the next few months, a variety of attempts were made to determine the extent of the incursion by searching for serological and clinical evidence of the whereabouts of the virus. At the clinical level, these attempts were hampered by the low virulence of the strain, and at the serological level by the lack of a baseline against which contemporary interpretations could be made. Once it became apparent that neither surveillance tool was likely to produce a rapid result, an infected area was declared on common-sense grounds and emergency vaccination was initiated. The vaccination programme had two objectives, firstly to prevent any further entry across the international border, and secondly to contain and if possible eliminate rinderpest from those districts into which it had already entered. On the few occasions that clinical rinderpest was subsequently found, it was always within this provisional infected area. Emergency vaccination campaigns within the infected area ran from January to the end of March 1997 but were halted by the onset of the long rains. At this time, seromonitoring in two districts showed that viral persistence was still theoretically possible and therefore a second round of emergency vaccination was immediately organized. Further seromonitoring then indicated a large number of villages with population antibody prevalences of over 85%. These populations were considered to have been `immunosterilized'. Although no clinical disease had been observed in them, it was decided to undertake additional vaccination in a group of districts to the south of the infected area. Serosurveillance indicated that rinderpest could have been present in a number of these districts prior to vaccination. Serosurveillance in 1998 suggested that numerous vaccinated animals had probably moved into districts outside the infected and additional vaccination areas, but did not rule out the continued presence of field infection.     

昆虫生长调节剂对东亚飞蝗表皮和脑神经分泌细胞的影响(Ⅱ)

通过光学显微镜及电子显微镜观察，综合分析了昆虫生长调节剂卡死克对东亚飞蝗表皮与脑的显微及亚显微形态结构的影响。结果表明，处理后的若虫表皮由于真皮细胞结构被破坏导致内表皮变薄、板层结构消失，而且真皮细胞层与内表皮层分离，细胞质内小泡变大而分布不均，核染色质凝结成为小颗粒且分布不匀。脑神经分泌细胞受药物影响数量明显减少，结构松散，胞间空泡变大，引起轴突变形。经透射电子显微镜检查发现，脑神经分泌细胞的轴突与胞体分离并膨大变形。线粒体结构发生改变，膜与内嵴消失。另外，轴浆运输中的神经分泌颗粒明显减少。     

鲁中南山地刺槐萌生更新林经济效果评价

采用企业动态经济评价方法对刺槐萌生林不同轮伐期的经济效果进行了评价；按ＮＰＶ最大、ＩＲＲ最大确定了林分经济成熟龄；通过敏感性分析确定了经济成熟龄区间。     

窄冠刺槐无性系的选育

对选自河南省淮阳县的窄冠刺槐优良无性系的选育过程及其生物生态学特性、无性系繁殖与育苗方法以及无性系林分在不同立地条件下的生长表现进行了研究.多点测定结果表明:窄冠刺槐生长快,在不同栽培条件下4～8年生时,树高年平均生长量达1.5～I.8 m,胸径2.1～2.5 cm;干形好,树干通直,形率达0.7～0.8;树冠窄,紧凑而圆满,分枝角度＜35°;托叶刺少或无.窄冠刺槐无性系是营建速生丰产用材林、生态防护林、农林复合系统以及园林绿化的优良无性系.     

Quality and decomposition of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) mulch for temperate alley cropping systems

Black locust and alfalfa mulch quality were characterized over a 9-week period of decomposition. Both mulch materials were harvested with a forage harvester. The black locust material was harvested from trees annually coppiced for four years, the alfalfa from a preflorescent second cutting. Two identical, adjacent experiments were conducted, one on each mulch source. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications for this single factor experiment. Fifty grams fresh weight of both mulch types were placed in litter bags, made of 98% shade cloth, a woven plastic with holes approximately 1×0.5 mm. The treatments included two placements of the mulch material, surface and buried. Sampling took place on weeks 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9.The incorporation of mulch materials appears to accelerate dry weight loss. From an initial dry weight of 44.25 g, the buried black locust mulch averaged 4.58 g, while the surface mulch averaged 7.41 g by week 6. The alfalfa mulch initially weighed 40.99g, with buried mulch averaging 1.75 g and surface mulch averaging 4.08 g by week 9.Carbon concentration of alfalfa mulch increased with time in both mulch placements from 43.6% to 57.6% and 51.8% in surface and buried mulch, respectively. Black locust, with an initial carbon concentration of 46.9% increased to 55.9% for the buried mulch and to 53.89% in surface mulch. Nitrogen concentrations increased as well in buried mulch. Lignin concentrations increased dramatically over time for both species of mulch. Black locust lignin concentrations rose from 13.11% to 51.0% (buried) and 32.9% (surface); alfalfa mulch lignin concentrations rose from 6.67% to 31.4% (buried) and 47.7% (surface).     

Management Effects on Biomass and Foliar Nutritive Value of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gleditsia triacanthos</Emphasis> f. <Emphasis Type="Italic">inermis</Emphasis> in Arkansas,USA

The browse potential of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and thornless honey locust [Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis (L.) Zabel] has not been adequately tested. Our objective was to determine effects of fertilization and pollarding on biomass and foliar nutritive value in separate studies of black locust and thornless honey locust in Arkansas, USA. Shoots were sampled monthly for two consecutive growing seasons in 2002 and 2003 to determine foliar, shoot, and total aboveground biomass, shoot basal diameter, and foliar nutritive value (crude protein and in vitro digestibility). Black locust yielded more foliar biomass when pollarded at 50 or 100 cm and fertilized with 600 kg P ha⁻¹, than at 5 cm with or without P, averaging 3.5 Mg dry matter ha⁻¹. Black locust foliar crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility ( ≤ 170 and 534 g kg⁻¹, respectively) decreased as leaves aged, but still met maintenance needs for beef cattle (Bos taurus L.). Thornless honey locust had little agronomic potential because of slow establishment, low foliar yield (330 kg ha⁻¹), and a 2% reversion to undesirable thorny phenotype. Black locust should be considered for livestock browse when drought induces semi-dormancy of herbaceous forages.