铅锌尾矿中砷代谢功能基因的多样性

Microbial activities impact arsenic (As) transformation in mine tailings substantially,yet little is understood on the functional diversity of As metabolism genes.This study explored this issue using a metagenomic approach coupled by a local BLASTN procedure established in our recent studies.An assembled metagenome,recovered from hypersaline and sulfidic mine tailings,was screened for As metabolism genes aioA,arrA,arsC and arsM.This was done using a local BLASTN procedure against databases of the As metabolism genes built in this study.Putative As metabolism genes detected in the assembled metagenome included 11 arsM,20 arsC and 1 arrA full-length sequences.Together with the rRNA-based phylogenetic profiling results,a picture depicting microbial As cycling in the tailings to the genus level was obtained.It was found that most of the dominant genera in the tailings potentially harboured the genes for As reduction and/or methylation.In particular,a typical pyrite-eater present in the tailings,Thioalkalivibrio sp.,was found to harbour not only arsC and arsM,but also arrA.These results highlight the unexpected diversity of As metabolism genes in the tailings,especially considering the extremely low species diversity therein.The microbial As cycling picture established here has potential use for guiding the purposeful manipulation of As biogeochemistry in the tailings.     

Y型网式过滤器堵塞过程对有机肥浓度的响应研究

为研究水肥一体化设备中用于过滤有机肥的Y型网式过滤器的堵塞规律,对Y型网式过滤器在初始流量500 L/h、水源压力117.6 k Pa下,设置25、30、40、50 g/L共4种黄腐酸钾有机肥肥液质量浓度,进行了过滤器堵塞试验,分析了Y型网式过滤器的局部水头损失与单个滤孔滤网清洁度(单个滤孔有效过水断面面积与孔隙总面积比值) S/S0的关系,并利用XRD分析了过滤器内堵塞物质的成分。结果表明:肥液质量浓度对过滤器滤网清洁度影响显著,建议肥液质量浓度不超过40 g/L;过滤器局部水头损失在S/S0减小到10%后才逐渐开始增大,过滤器局部水头损失与滤网清洁度、肥液质量浓度有关,利用多项式拟合给出了过滤器滤网清洁度与肥液质量浓度、施肥持续时间的关系式及局部水头损失与肥液质量浓度、滤网清洁度的关系式;滤网堵塞物质主要成分为硫酸钙、草酸钙。本研究结果可为水肥一体化设备中过滤器的选择提供理论参考。     

基于TOPSIS和局部空间自相关的永久基本农田划定方法

永久基本农田划定是保护优质耕地、控制建设用地占用优质耕地的有效手段,也是高标准农田建设的基础。本文提出了一种基于优劣解距离法(Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)和局部空间自相关的永久基本农田划定方法,从耕地的自然禀赋、区位条件、建设水平和生态景观条件4个角度出发,构建较全面的综合质量评价体系,借助TOPSIS法对耕地综合质量进行评价;引入空间聚类的思想对耕地综合质量进行局部空间自相关分析;最后,依据各区域的耕地综合质量及空间聚类特征,将符合要求的耕地划入永久基本农田。以河北省高碑店市为研究区开展实证研究,结果表明,该方法划定的永久基本农田较合理,划定永久基本农田面积为339.61 km2,占高碑店市耕地总面积的81.75%,划定比例达到国家相关规程要求。本文在耕地质量评价中加入生态景观因素,并结合最佳距离阈值和改进的反距离空间权重矩阵的空间聚类方法,为永久基本农田划定提供了新思路。     

基于像元尺度耕地质量局部空间自相关的基本农田划定

划定永久基本农田保护区是我国农业可持续发展的战略要求,耕地质量是保护区位置选择的重要依据。以湖北省嘉鱼县为例,引入植被指数信息,完善耕地质量综合评价指标体系,通过网络层次分析法确定指标权重,结合局部空间自相关分析结果,分别对基于耕地质量与莫兰指数的基本农田逐像元补划结果进行了分析。研究结果表明,嘉鱼县耕地综合质量在空间上表现出较强的相关性,全域和耕地范围的局部自相关系数分别为0. 864 5和0. 991 6;基于耕地质量和莫兰指数的划定结果在空间上保持高度的一致性,两种方法均优先将空间上呈HH型聚集的99. 97%的像元划入了基本农田保护区;两种方法互为补充,可以为最终决策提供参考。     

渭源地区多种材料的产沼气比较试验

本试验以甘肃省渭源地区主要植物类原料为基础,选择秸秆,杂草等２４种材料分别进行发酵产沼气试验,其中包括一些常见的有毒植物或抑菌植物。通过测定产气量探讨了各材料发酵气效果,试验结果表明所选用的材料都是发酵产气的正常材料。     

Fijian adolescents’ understanding and evaluation of climate change: Implications for enabling effective future adaptation

Pacific Island countries are particularly vulnerable to future manifestations of climate change due to high coastline‐to‐land‐area ratios, and high dependence of inhabitants on natural ecosystems. While everyone in the Pacific Islands should participate in climate change adaptation activities, it is the young people, given they are the generation likely to not only bear the burden of climate change, but to lead and live effective climate change adaptation activities and strategies specific to their region, the involvement of youth is critical. Pacific Island youths are often marginalised within traditional decision‐making hierarchies, therefore they are typically excluded from participating in meaningful discussions at community and government levels. Discussions were held with 30 adolescents aged 14–18 years in Fiji to explore knowledge and experiences regarding climate change. Participants revealed their dismay at their inability to talk to family – who they consider are not doing enough – about what they consider as appropriate responses to climate change, recommending the help of an authoritative outsider who could speak to their community leaders and family. Discussions also revealed that Fijian youth could not distinguish between changes in the climate and normal weather events, attesting to the importance of climate‐change education and awareness‐raising efforts within the Pacific Islands more generally.     

微灌用网式过滤器局部水头损失的

在对网式过滤器进行了系统的水力性能试验基础上，分析了堵塞对过滤器局部水头损失的影响，指出过滤器的局部水头损失变化与过滤流量、过滤时间、水源含沙量有关，这些因素主要决定了过滤元件堵塞程度和变化快慢，即有效过水面积减小的频率，从而决定了额外局部水头损失增加的快慢程度。并提出了在含沙水条件下计算局部水头损失的经验关系式，指出过滤器在实际运用中，应保证压降曲线不发生急剧上升，并可以根据不同水质条件，确定其冲洗时的压差允许值和冲洗间隔时间。     

植物诱导抗病性的研究进展

阐述植物诱导抗病的性的定义，类型及其本现象，概括诱导抗生的几个共通特征；即非特异性，滞后性，不完全性和耗能性，分析诱导抗性发生的基本原理和运作机制。讨论诱导抗性的应用前景及局限性。     

不同区域长苞铁杉群落植物组成及其区系特征的比较

不同地区的3个长苞铁杉群落的植物种类较多，有蕨类植物，裸子植物，双子叶植物，单子叶植物，以双子叶植物种类占绝对优势，但群落相似性较低，3个群落共同出现的科，属，种占全部科，属，种比例依次为24．14％，13．22％，3．94％，区系特征上，3个群落分属于11个分布区类型，以热带分布类型属为主；随海拔上升，3个群落热带分布类型属的比例依次下降。     

《纤维板单位产品综合能耗限额及计算方法》地方标准的研究

通过对目前湖南省纤维板实际生产情况的统计与研究,本地方标准切实、合理地规定了湖南省纤维板单位产品综合能耗限额准入值和计算方法。本标准的制定,对加快推进“两型”社会标准化体系建设、促进纤维板生产企业节能降耗具有重要意义。