山地草原旱作老芒麦研究

在阿拉善右旗南部山地干旱草原选择较好地块开荒引种老芒麦，经三年小区试验和大田推广广，结果表明，不施肥灌水，老芒麦能够完成整个生育期，表现抗旱并生长良好。丰年产干草１７７７ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，三年平均产草１１５４ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，比天然草地增产４倍。若当地６６０多公顷料似地带全部耕翻种植，将大大缓解干旱山区的草畜矛盾。     

Brachial plexus block using electrolocation for pancarpal arthrodesis in a dog

Conduction blockade was achieved at the brachial plexus of a dog undergoing surgery for pancarpal arthrodesis. The lidocaine/bupivacaine mixture used was the sole analgesic treatment applied during surgery and for 3 hours post-operatively. Location of the plexus brachialis was facilitated using a nerve stimulator. A low volume of lidocaine and bupivacaine (0.26 mL kg(-1)) resulted in successful blockade, which was evident from stable cardiorespiratory variables at low end-tidal (1.3-1.4%) isoflurane concentrations. Pain scoring and examination of motor and sensory function indicated adequate pain relief for 7 hours. While localization of the plexus brachialis can be performed 'blindly', electrolocation improves the success rate for less experienced anaesthetists.     

Comparison of intraperitoneal ropivacaine and ropivacaine–dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

ObjectiveTo investigate the intraperitoneal (IP) administration of ropivacaine or ropivacaine–dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, positively controlled clinical study.AnimalsA total of 45 client-owned cats were enrolled.MethodsThe cats were administered intramuscular (IM) meperidine (6 mg kg⁻¹) and acepromazine (0.05 mg kg⁻¹). Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Meloxicam (0.2 mg kg⁻¹) was administered subcutaneously in all cats after intubation. After the abdominal incision, the cats were administered one of three treatments (15 cats in each treatment): IP instillation of 0.9% saline solution (group Control), 0.25% ropivacaine (1 mg kg⁻¹, group ROP) or ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine (4 μg kg⁻¹, group ROP–DEX). During anesthesia, heart rate (HR), electrocardiography, noninvasive systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiratory variables were monitored. Sedation and pain were assessed preoperatively and at various time points up to 24 hours after extubation using sedation scoring, an interactive visual analog scale, the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale (MCPS) and mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT; von Frey anesthesiometer). Rescue analgesia (morphine, 0.1 mg kg⁻¹) IM was administered if the MCPS ≥6. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Tukey test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Friedman test (p < 0.05).ResultsHR was significantly lower in ROP–DEX compared with Control (p = 0.002). The pain scores, MNT, sedation scores and the postoperative rescue analgesia did not differ statistically among groups.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAs part of a multimodal pain therapy, IP ropivacaine–dexmedetomidine was associated with decreased HR intraoperatively; however, SAP remained within normal limits. Using the stated anesthetic protocol, neither IP ropivacaine nor ropivacaine–dexmedetomidine significantly improved analgesia compared with IP saline in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.     

4个燕麦品种在黄河滩区生产性能和农艺性状的研究

在河南省黄河滩区土壤和气候条件下,燕麦播种量为225 kg/hm²时,通过对比试验,分别测定五寨、林纳、坝莜3号和加燕4个燕麦品种在不同生长期茎叶比、鲜干比、株高、干草产量等指标,研究不同燕麦品种生产性能和农艺性状的动态变化。结果表明：燕麦4个品种在扬花期茎叶比分别为65.34%、58.18%、70.05%、54.72%,鲜干比分别为3.12、3.17、3.07、3.31;燕麦的生长速度呈现出“低—高—低”的“S”形动态模式,在抽穗—扬花期生长速度最大,盛花期株高达分别到108.58、103.43、100.37、113.42 cm,干草产量分别为549.17、514.74、519.63、531.53 g DM/m²。4个燕麦品种均适合在黄河滩种植和生长,表现出生长快、产量高的特点,其中加燕品种各项性能表现更好。     

奶牛乳房炎对主要牛奶成分的影响

通过选择年龄、胎次、产奶量、泌乳期等指标相近的健康奶牛4头,临床型乳房炎自然发病病例4头,连续7d分别抽取4头乳房炎患牛正常乳区、患病乳区及4头健康奶牛的牛奶进行测定,测定乳房炎病牛治疗过程中的乳蛋白、乳脂、密度、非脂乳固体、乳干物质、乳糖等成分含量,并对这些测定数据进行相关性差异分析。结果显示,同一头患牛的患病乳区的各乳成分含量极显著高于正常乳区;乳房炎患牛正常乳区组、异常乳区组与健康奶牛组的乳成分含量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)或极显著差异(P<0.01),健康奶牛的乳脂含量极显著高于乳房炎患牛正常和异常乳区组;乳房炎患牛的正常、异常乳区组与健康奶牛组的牛奶成分含量均值图存在明显变化趋势,健康牛组的牛奶成分在一周内保持稳定,而乳房炎患牛的正常与异常乳区在一周内都存在曲折上升和不断上升的过程。乳房炎患牛正常乳区各成分含量显著低于异常乳区。乳房炎患牛的乳蛋白、非脂乳固体、乳糖含量高于健康牛,乳脂低于健康牛,乳干物质则与健康牛保持相对平衡。     

Egg production forecasting: Determining efficient modeling approaches

Several mathematical or statistical and artificial intelligence models were developed to compare egg production forecasts in commercial layers. Initial data for these models were collected from a comparative layer trial on commercial strains conducted at the Poultry Research Farms, Auburn University. Simulated data were produced to represent new scenarios by using means and SD of egg production of the 22 commercial strains. From the simulated data, random examples were generated for neural network training and testing for the weekly egg production prediction from wk 22 to 36. Three neural network architectures-back-propagation-3, Ward-5, and the general regression neural network-were compared for their efficiency to forecast egg production, along with other traditional models. The general regression neural network gave the best-fitting line, which almost overlapped with the commercial egg production data, with an R(2) of 0.71. The general regression neural network-predicted curve was compared with original egg production data, the average curves of white-shelled and brown-shelled strains, linear regression predictions, and the Gompertz nonlinear model. The general regression neural network was superior in all these comparisons and may be the model of choice if the initial overprediction is managed efficiently. In general, neural network models are efficient, are easy to use, require fewer data, and are practical under farm management conditions to forecast egg production.     

高寒牧区碱茅＋杂花苜蓿混播试验初报

为选择适合在高海拔，寒冷地区推广的多年生混播牧草品种，采用近年培育出的甘农１号杂花苜蓿与碱茅，在肃南县进行了混播试验，结果表明，高寒地区碱茅与甘农１号杂花苜蓿混播有较强的抗寒性和越冬能力，碱茅与苜蓿以７：４比例混播，可获得最佳产草量和牧草品质。     

BP人工神经网络在家蚕杂交组合预测中的应用初探

利用前馈神经网络(BPANN)建立了家蚕杂种一代的6个经济性状的预测模型,通过验证得出,以双亲成绩作为输入神经元,利用BPANN模型预测杂种一代6个经济性状的平均预测误差均在5%左右。表明利用神经网络模型用来预测杂种一代成绩具有研究应用前景。     

贵州尾矿区野生豆科牧草根瘤菌及其抗性测定

为了筛选获得对复合重金属具有耐受能力且能在本地豆科植物根系内定殖共生的抗性根瘤菌,本研究从贵州省内的锰矿区、铅锌矿区采集野生豆科牧草根瘤样品,经分离纯化、菌体形态观察、16S rRNA基因序列比对分析,获得71个根瘤菌保存菌株。系统发育和区系分析结果表明,分离菌株分属7属28种,其中根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)的分布频率高达54.93%,为优势属,木兰根瘤菌(R.indigoferae)的分布频率最高(15.49%),为优势种。选择来自不同尾矿区、不同种类的根瘤菌17株,采用重金属平板法测定各供试菌株对贵州尾矿土分布较多的Pb²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cr⁶⁺,Mn²⁺,Cd²⁺五种重金属的耐受性,结果发现17个菌株对3种或3种以上的重金属都具有不同程度的耐受能力,其中HMZT039-6,HSST042-6,HSST042-1,ZHQT052-1和HXTT050-1对5种重金属离子均有耐受能力,为筛选出的最优抗性根瘤菌株。本研究结果可为本地区土壤重金属污染的修复治理提供共生微生物资源。     

PERT网络模型在家禽规模养殖项目管理中的运用

本文针对农业科技专家大院草科鸡规模养殖项目运行和管理中存在的问题,就优化农业科技项目管理与提高项目运行的效用和功能,提出采用PERT网络模型管理农业科技项目的思路,并对项目管理过程、方法及注意事项等问题提出了建议。本文指出,运用科学的管理方法制定合理的项目运行计划,是进行科技项目组织管理、科学地配置资源和促进科研项目顺利完成的重要途径。