光合细菌固定化及其处理黄泔水的研究

以PVA-硼酸混合载体法固定光合细菌处理黄泔水,探讨其对黄泔水处理的较佳工艺条件。结果表明：光合细菌的包埋条件为10％聚乙烯醇、4％SiO2、0．15％海藻酸钠和30％菌液。在好氧黑暗、pH值8．0、菌液接种量20％、装液量100mL条件下,固定化光合细菌处理黄泔水120h,其CODcr去除率为91％。     

淀粉废水处理技术研究进展

综述了近年来淀粉废水处理的几种技术,分析了这些技术存在的问题,并就技术的发展及开发研究方向提出了独特的见解.     

电催化氧化处理蒽醌蓝模拟染料废水试验研究

研究了pH值、槽电压、电解时间与通电方式、电解质种类及浓度对酸性蒽醌蓝模拟染料废水的电催化氧化效果。处理酸性蒽醌蓝染料废水的最佳电催化氧化条件为槽电压10V、初始pH值为4、NaCl浓度2.0g/L;在此条件下连续电解50min,COD去除率和脱色率分别为53.6%和87.9%。研究表明脉冲电催化氧化可以明显提高能量效率和电流效率,降低处理成本。     

亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺处理高含氮废水的研究

采用实验室规模的亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺,研究其对高含氮、低C/N废水的处理能力.结果表明,亚硝化反应器的水力停留时间控制在1.0d时,亚硝化活性比较稳定,进水氨氮浓度对其影响不大.进水氨氮浓度在400～600 mg/L时,出水亚硝酸氮浓度都在260～280 mg/L,可以通过控制进水氨氮浓度调节出水亚硝酸氮/氨氮的比率.亚硝化反应器出水的亚硝酸氮/氨氮的比率对厌氧氨氧化脱氮率有重要的作用.当进水氨氮浓度为480 mg/L时,出水中亚硝酸氮/氨氮的比率为1.2左右,进入厌氧氨氧化反应器的氮物质去除率达到     

微生态调节剂CHM-2对禽畜粪便高温堆肥的影响

利用自行研制的微生态调节剂CHM-2对鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪等禽畜粪便进行高温好氧堆肥化处理,探讨该制剂对堆肥过程温度和种子发芽指数的影响。结果表明:应用该制剂在猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪堆肥化处理中,最高温度分别达到61.6℃、65℃、56.5℃,且持续时间达到无害化的要求;在种子发芽指数试验中,猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪堆肥到达GI>50%时间分别为15 d、15 d、10 d,均较EM对照组和空白组提早。     

基于经济效益最优的灌溉污水总量控制研究

通过分析农业中污水灌溉带来的经济效益、经济损失,根据最优化理论和污染物总量控制方法建立了经济效益最优化的农业污灌模型。该模型以污灌经济效益最大(经济收益与经济损失之差)为目标函数,约束条件包括土壤污染物环境容量、农产品质量标准等几个方面,模型的最优解即为污灌的污染物控制最大总量。最后,结合华北某市1999年的农业污灌进行了实例应用研究。结果表明,最优的污水灌溉总量为2.05亿m3,而该市1999年灌溉的污水总量为3.24亿m3,可见该市当年污水灌溉量已经偏高,应及时对污灌加以控制。     

区域畜产品需求预测及畜种结构调整

需求是生产结构形成的决定性因素,也是畜种结构调整的决定性因素。因此,本文以内蒙古自治区哲里木盟为研究对象,从不同角度对区域畜产品需求趋势进行了分析,提出了畜种结构调整方向,在畜产品需求预测的基础上,对哲盟“八五”期间畜种结构进行了调整。并为实现调整目标,提出应采取的原则性措施。     

Review of Measurement Technologies for Air Pollutants at Livestock and Poultry Farms

With the intensification of livestock breeding, the air quality problem of livestock farms caused by high density breeding is becoming more and more serious. Animal husbandry has become one of the important sources of air pollutants in China. Air emitted from most intensive livestock houses contains a large amount of pollutants, including ammonia, sulfides, particulate matters (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which not only poses a big threat to animals and workers in livestock farms, but also spreads to the surrounding environment resulting in air pollution. Scientific and applicable air pollutants measuring methods are the basis of monitoring and controlling air pollution in livestock and poultry farms. In this article, the detection methods of livestock farming related hazardous gases (e.g., NH₃, H₂S), greenhouse gases, particulate matters and odor were summarized. The detection methods of hazardous gases in livestock houses mainly include chemical analysis, semiconductor gas sensor detection, spectroscopic methodology and mass spectrometry. The wet-chemical method is cheap and can detect gases sensitively and accurately, while it cannot detect gases in real time, and the process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The gas tube is cheap and easy to operate, but the deviation is great. Electrochemical sensor is of high sensitivity, moderate cost and can be used to detect gas concentration continuously, however, the devices are easy to age. Spectrum method and mass spectrometry can detect gas quickly and accurately, but it is not suitable for conventional air detection of productive livestock farming due to its high costs. In this paper, the detection methods of greenhouse gases (e.g., CH₄, CO₂) generated from animal intestinal fermentation and livestock environment were also summarized. It is hard to conclude an accurate detection of greenhouse gases in animal husbandry, because the concentrations of greenhouse gases in animal husbandry changes all the time (diurnal and seasonal) and are related to other factors including sampling points. No international common testing method and measurement standard are concluded till now, therefore, the research of greenhouse gases detection method and standard in animal husbandry should be carried out as soon as possible. The detection methods of particulate matters (PM) in livestock farms were reviewed from three aspects: physical, chemical and biological characteristics. PM contains complex components in livestock farms, therefore, it is highly needed to improve PM detection technology. Besides, the component analysis and sensory analysis of odorous substances in livestock farms were overviewed. The odor analysis of professional olfactory discernment personnel owns stronger subjectivity and costs higher than gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. While, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is unable to determine all gaseous organic compounds with one sample. Combining gas chromatography and dynamic olfactometer can be more efficient for comprehensive analysis of odor samples. In this article, detection methods and techniques of air pollutants in animal husbandry were comprehensively reviewed to provide a reference for the development of air pollutants detection technologies in livestock and poultry breeding in China.     

养猪场粪污水生物处理工艺技术研究

通过对粪污水进行分离、沉淀、曝气、生物滤池和添加微生物菌群有机物的降解对比试验，优选出了一套工艺流程，并在北京东广德猪场进行了工程实践。结果表明，优选出的以生物滤池为主的好氧生物处理工艺降解效率高、设备投资少、运行费用低且管理方便。高速生物滤池的降解率可达90％以上，整个污水处理系统有机物的降解率达到93%～97％。从系统运行水质监测结果来看，在保证粪污水全面实现达标排放和猪粪(渣)无害化处理的前提下，这种处理工艺将各个单一处理技术有机地结合起来，形成一种综合处理与利用的系统工程，达到经济、社会、生态效益的高度统一。     

酸化膨润土对印染废水脱色实验研究

将钙基膨润土酸性活化,然后对印染废水脱色处理,其一次性COD去除率达76%,色度去除率达87%。若经双层滤料柱进行过滤处理,色度去除率达93%以上,COD去除率达78%,处理后的印染废水达到国家规定的排放要求。